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标题: 885 sec 11-16 [打印本页]

作者: sbbi 时间: 2003-9-25 03:30
标题: 885 sec 11-16
16. Because natural gas is composed mostly of methane, a simple hydrocarbon, vehicles powered by natural gas emit less of certain pollutants than the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel.
(A) less of certain pollutants than the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel
(B) fewer of certain pollutants than burning gasoline or diesel fuel do
(C) less of certain pollutants than gasoline or diesel fuel
(D) fewer of certain pollutants than does burning gasoline or diesel fuel
(E) less of certain pollutants than those burning gasoline or diesel fuel

Answer E. 请问难道不该用FEWER修饰可数么?还有"of' 在这有什么用?可以省么?

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-10-7 21:23:52编辑过]

作者: joice 时间: 2003-9-25 05:11

less modifies unseperatable, uncountable noun. why ' pupollutants' ???

'less of ' is idiomatic. less : noun.

作者: dandan74 时间: 2003-9-25 08:05
Take a look at this example:
MTBE is what's known as an oxyfuel. It is now being found in drinking water supplies from California to Maine, and places in-between. But this is not the result of some sinister chemical industry plot to contaminate our precious bodily fluids. MTBE was a creation of government mandates-an attempt to cope in the most sensible and affordable way possible with legal requirements for areas with federally defined low air quality to use oxygenated fuels. These fuels add less of certain pollutants to the air as they burn.

The last sentense is kind of similar to what we have here.
"less" here is equal to "a smaller amount"
less of contain pollutants = a smaller amount of contain pollutants.
less doesn't modify pollutants.

作者: joice 时间: 2003-9-25 08:38
Thanks, I will remember it.

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-9-25 8:39:02编辑过]

作者: gemj 时间: 2003-10-8 01:46
首先pollutants是可数名词复数，见LONGMAN2003解释和例句：

pollutant noun [countable]
a substance that makes air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty, and is caused by cars, factories etc
air/environmental/water etc pollutants
- New regulations will reduce hazardous air pollutants.
- a dumping ground for toxic pollutants
chemical/industrial etc pollutants
- industrial pollutants in the lake

其次，LESS一般修饰（指代）不可数名词，但也可以指代可数名词，请见该词典的解释：

less 2 determiner, pronoun
a)
less of
The map covered less of the area than I'd thought.
Flying is less of a risk than driving.

less 2
b) used to mean 'fewer' or 'not as many', although many people think this use is incorrect ￚopposite more
- There were less people there than we expected.
我想A）与B）结合起来便有了less of certain pollutants的说法。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-10-8 1:58:11编辑过]

作者: gemj 时间: 2003-10-8 01:59
补记：ETS耍这一套实在不应该啊！

作者: madeinchina1984 时间: 2005-8-27 12:13
pollutants can not be count by human eyes, but ten people are "people", many people are "people" too, i guess if you could count then u would use "few", when uncountable under any situation, you ll use "less"

作者: sandiegotj 时间: 2005-8-30 16:31

我觉得还有一点很重要

vehicles powered by natural gas emit less of certain pollutants than those burning gasoline or diesel fuel
这里vehicles和those比较，也就是“交通工具”和“烧汽油或柴油的交通工具比较”，是合理的

而其它选项都是交通工具和“烧汽油或柴油”相比较，也就不合理了。

作者: jjll 时间: 2005-9-30 13:41

以下是引用gemj在2003-10-8 1:46:00的发言：
首先pollutants是可数名词复数，见LONGMAN2003解释和例句：

pollutant noun [countable]
a substance that makes air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty, and is caused by cars, factories etc
air/environmental/water etc pollutants
- New regulations will reduce hazardous air pollutants.
- a dumping ground for toxic pollutants
chemical/industrial etc pollutants
- industrial pollutants in the lake

其次，LESS一般修饰（指代）不可数名词，但也可以指代可数名词，请见该词典的解释：

less 2 determiner, pronoun
a)
less of
The map covered less of the area than I'd thought.
Flying is less of a risk than driving.

less 2
b) used to mean 'fewer' or 'not as many', although many people think this use is incorrect ￚopposite more
- There were less people there than we expected.
我想A）与B）结合起来便有了less of certain pollutants的说法。

less跟不可数，few跟可数。但一旦加了of，就只有less of这一种用法了吧，不管后面跟的是可数还是不可数。有人见过fewer of的用法吗？

用fewer of去google查一下，google会问你要查的是不是few of。哈哈。

作者: juliet01192000 时间: 2005-10-5 17:09

楼上的boy,google上如果打：the usage of "less of (or fewer of)" 都可以查到相关的句子！！！：）

不过谢谢你提供检验词的新方法！：）

作者: brissa 时间: 2005-10-9 03:28

以下是引用dandan74在2003-9-25 8:05:00的发言：
Take a look at this example:
MTBE is what's known as an oxyfuel. It is now being found in drinking water supplies from California to Maine, and places in-between. But this is not the result of some sinister chemical industry plot to contaminate our precious bodily fluids. MTBE was a creation of government mandates-an attempt to cope in the most sensible and affordable way possible with legal requirements for areas with federally defined low air quality to use oxygenated fuels. These fuels add less of certain pollutants to the air as they burn.

The last sentense is kind of similar to what we have here.
"less" here is equal to "a smaller amount"
less of contain pollutants = a smaller amount of contain pollutants.
less doesn't modify pollutants.

知道less在这里做名词，但是直接用fewer多好啊，也是做名词，fewer还正经能修饰可数名词呢？

能在讲讲用less不用fewer的区别吗？

到目前未知，nn们讲的好像都是可以用less的原因，但都不是充要原因。

作者: brissa 时间: 2005-10-9 03:30

知道less在这里做名词，但是直接用fewer多好啊，也是做名词，fewer还正经能修饰可数名词呢？

能在讲讲用less不用fewer的区别吗？

到目前未知，nn们讲的好像都是可以用less的原因，但都不是充要原因。

作者: angelashao12 时间: 2005-10-31 10:25
标题: [讨论]

白勇的那本语法书里解释到less of/ more of用来修饰前面的动词表示更小/更大程度

作者: tonyleebean 时间: 2006-3-15 11:15
谢谢大家的解释呀

作者: fannyyudan 时间: 2006-4-2 13:09

以下是引用sandiegotj在2005-8-30 16:31:00的发言：

我觉得还有一点很重要

而其它选项都是交通工具和“烧汽油或柴油”相比较，也就不合理了。

若这里those指代vehicles,那么句子主干就是....vehicles...emit less..... than those(vehicles).....

按照ETS的习惯，应该在than后面补足一个动词DO才对啊，虽然我也找不出those的指代对象，但总觉得E也不是最好。

请指正！

作者: cokey 时间: 2006-4-7 00:58

以下是引用fannyyudan在2006-4-2 13:09:00的发言：

若这里those指代vehicles,那么句子主干就是....vehicles...emit less..... than those(vehicles).....

按照ETS的习惯，应该在than后面补足一个动词DO才对啊，虽然我也找不出those的指代对象，但总觉得E也不是最好。

请指正！

同问搜索了有关的链接也还是不太明白

作者: xjlv128 时间: 2006-6-22 14:50
我也不明白，尤其是比较句里到底补不补动词的问题……

作者: gonghao 时间: 2006-8-5 23:28

E：为什么用less有答案了

但是为什么不补出do呢

似乎更合理一些

作者: emute 时间: 2006-8-6 02:45
burning就类似do了.

作者: gonghao 时间: 2006-8-6 09:44

以下是引用gonghao在2006-8-5 23:28:00的发言：

E：为什么用less有答案了

但是为什么不补出do呢

似乎更合理一些

问题就处在这里的those

有2种可能

1.指viechles，后面的－ing分词修饰而已，如果是这样，加上do似乎更好些

2.those指pollutants，但是似乎感觉又不大对称

大家讨论。。。

作者: dursy 时间: 2006-8-21 11:46

以下是引用fannyyudan在2006-4-2 13:09:00的发言：

若这里those指代vehicles,那么句子主干就是....vehicles...emit less..... than those(vehicles).....

按照ETS的习惯，应该在than后面补足一个动词DO才对啊，虽然我也找不出those的指代对象，但总觉得E也不是最好。

请指正！

这道题我也觉得E选项不妥,一则少了一个助动词do,再则those(vehicles) burning gasoline or diesel fuel车辆燃烧汽油是不是也不妥呀!我觉得A 加个does会不会更好些.请NN指正

作者: xiaowan 时间: 2006-9-8 23:18
在不会引起歧义的时候是不用补充动词的，这里如果要比较宾语是应该有less of ....than of....的结构的，明显是在比较主语，所以不用补充动词

作者: myoka 时间: 2006-9-14 00:44

in my opinion, less can be a noun, so we can say "less of". but we cant say "fewer of" cuz fewer can never be a noun.

作者: CD用户174382 时间: 2006-11-8 14:35
新东方有这么一个说法：不论可数名词还是不可数名词，less和fewer同时出现的时候,除了表示“人少”用fewer外，其他全部用less，这个知识点好像我做了那么多题目没有例外的

作者: invador 时间: 2006-12-21 16:05
nn们都是众说纷纭，现在也没有特明确的解释
看来楼上是经验之谈，就先搬这个去套用了。。多谢

作者: yale_qiu 时间: 2007-1-20 20:02

由于emit是及物动词，比较结构中应该补出相应的助动词。

burning只是作为分词修饰those(viechles),不影响整体的结构。所以C中还是少了助动词do

作者: muffler 时间: 2007-2-8 09:33
关于这道题里的fewer和less, 我的理解是: 如果题意是较少的污染物种类, 则应该说 fewer pollutants, 但更确切的意思应该是某些污染物的较少排放量, 这样就不可数了, 所以才会是正确答案中说的那样.

作者: 下雨 时间: 2007-9-16 21:56

这道题答案是E

还是困惑，为什么E，没有补出动词do？

这里是主语进行比较，在主谓宾都全的句子情况下进行比较应该补出来动词的阿？

还请nn指点！

作者: dbvzg 时间: 2007-9-28 01:04

“比较从句中，those代替作为比较对象的重复名词vehicles,burning gasoline or diesel fuel分词短语作定语修饰those.”

白勇书上这么讲

作者: ocean368 时间: 2008-1-29 02:29

觉的E中应该补出动词do的，因为被比较的部分有两个名词，vehicles powered by natural gas和pollutants 所以，如果不补出助动词，会引起宾语比较的歧义。

请指正。

作者: sycrwang 时间: 2008-8-9 10:34
不补,不代表错, 除了E外, 其他的比较对象都不对等或根本没对等的可能性,if you thinks (e) has problem, that is effective problem , other choices are correctiveness problem.

作者: executive 时间: 2009-2-25 03:32

less of contain pollutants = a smaller amount of contain pollutants.

作者: executive 时间: 2009-2-25 03:35

So 'less of certain pollutants' really means 'less amount of certain pollutants'

ETS really played game well here. Not easy!

作者: lijiahui0422 时间: 2009-7-2 09:39
好贴！
自己总结了一下
重在区别以下两组的区别
less of certain pollutants 指其中的pollutants的量，比如一立方米二氧化碳，一池子脏水，这些玩意的量全都是不可数的，只能用less,另外less在这里是名词

fewer certain pollutants 指污染物的种类的数量，比如原来有10种臭水，现在就1种了，fewer在这里是形容词

另外对于fewer of 有没有我觉得照我以上的理解应该是有的(千万别理解错了...)
比如 fewer of certain apples(如果背景有讨论到苹果的种类)
那么这个可以表达每种苹果的数量少了 fewer certain apples指苹果的种类少了

一点拙见继续讨论

作者: wubodengzi 时间: 2009-7-16 16:00

作者: JJJooe 时间: 2009-10-2 11:42
http://bbs.taisha.org/redirect.php?tid=1294751&goto=lastpost#lastpost

作者: 慕容枫痕 时间: 2010-4-27 16:16
The traditional rule holds that fewer should be used for things that can be counted (fewer than four players), while less should be used with mass terms for things of measurable extent (less paper; less than a gallon of paint). However, less is used in some constructions where fewer would occur if the traditional rule were being followed. Less than can be used before a plural noun that denotes a measure of time, amount, or distance: less than three weeks; less than $400; less than 50 miles. Less is sometimes used with plural nouns in the expressions no less than (as in No less than 30 of his colleagues signed the letter) and or less (as in Give your reasons in 25 words or less).
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2003. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved

作者: yo16 时间: 2010-9-23 14:18
fewer of 是存在的啊~~ 修饰可数名词

OG12 第522页： This does not show that marriage causes people to live longer, since, as compared with other
people of the same age, young adults who are about to get married have fewer ofthe unhealthy habits that
can cause a person to have a shorter life, most notably smoking and immoderate drinking of alcohol.

536页：This point suggests less of a need for legislation. need可以做U或C，但是这里有个an，说明可数。

592页： This may seem to weaken the argument by indicating that the switch from older technologies will
have less of an impact on fossil fuel consumption by these industries than we might have
assumed. impact可以做U或C，但是这里有个an，说明可数。

其他的不敢说，但是这里ETS显示的应该是
fewer of +可数名词
less of+可数名词
字典的解释是 less of +不可数/可数名词

作者: husthaixiao 时间: 2011-6-17 10:35
标题: 可数与不可数关键不在“形式”
less “修饰”或者“指代”不可数，但是有些情况下从“形式”上看是可数的~~~~~~~~
比如：“less than three weeks” 这里的“less"从意义上看指的是“时间”，“时间”是“不可数”的，所以用"less"是对的，尽管本句从形式上看是“可数”的表达。
再比如：
OG,592页： This may seem to weaken the argument by indicating that the switch from older technologies will
have less of an impact on fossil fuel consumption by these industries than we might have
assumed.
这里的“less”也是表达对“impact”的度量，不是数“impact”的个数，因此是不可数的，尽管从形式上看指代的是可数名词。

在此强调下，“可数” 与 “不可数”不能光从形式上判断，要考虑句子本身的含义~~~~~~~~~~欢迎拍砖，祝大家学习愉快！

作者: shichunyilang 时间: 2011-9-4 15:10
同意楼上！！"less of" means to small extent or degree.
e.g. less of a success that I'd hope

作者: 溜溜酱 时间: 2016-7-7 14:01
less如果后面无of的话有修饰certain的歧义吧

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