总结：代词指代，就近指代 or按逻辑意思指代？ - ChaseDream

以下是引用isuffering在2003-9-19 12:59:00的发言：
总结：代词指代，就近指代 or按逻辑意思指代？

在总结时发现代词指代很值得讨论：
观点：代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代；
有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。

1．代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代。
举例：XDF-S7-T24，XDF-S12-T21

XDF-S7-T24
24. Several years ago the diet industry introduced a variety of appetite suppressants, but some of these drugs caused stomach disorders severe enough to have them banned by the Food and Drug Administration.
(A) stomach disorders severe enough to have them
(B) stomach disorders that were severe enough so they were
(C) stomach disorders of such severity so as to be
(D) such severe stomach disorders that they were
(E) such severe stomach disorders as to be
The answer is D.
其中
but some of these drugs caused such severe stomach disorders that they were banned by the Food and Drug Administration.
“they ” 按逻辑意思指代drugs，而非就近指代。

XDF-S12-T21
21. The filibuster, a parliamentary device that slows the snail’s pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems more and more an anachronism in the age of telecommunications.
(A) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(B) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone who is associated with it, seeming to be
(C) sessions, tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(D) sessions, that tests the endurance of everyone associated with it and seems
(E) sessions, testing the endurance of everyone associated with it and seeming

The answer is A.

其中
a parliamentary device that slows( the snail’s pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions) and tests ( the endurance of everyone associated with it)

即a parliamentary device that slows …and tests…
it按逻辑意思指代 a parliamentary device , 而非就近指代。

2．有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
举例：XDF-S12-T20，XDF-补充材料-T230

XDF-S12-T20
20. In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected.
(A) cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected
(B) cars that it had test-driven with their disconnected odometers
(C) its cars having been test-driven with disconnected odometers
(D) having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected
(E) having cars that were test-driven with disconnected odometers

The answer is D.

Sb. pay sth. for having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected.

其中with their odometers disconnected 作定语，修饰cars;
their 按逻辑意思指代cars.
虽然满足就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。

XDF-补充材料-T230
230. In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell, and they are.
(A) have been priced to sell, and they are
(B) are priced to sell, and they have
(C) are priced to sell, and they do
(D) are being priced to sell, and have
(E) had been priced to sell, and they have

The answer is C.

其中their wines are priced to sell, and they do.
“they” 按逻辑意思指代wines.
虽然满足就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
注意：这里同一句中的their, they 并没有指代同一名词.
their指代前面的Vintners, 而they 指代wines.

结论：代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代；
有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。

抛砖引玉，欢迎讨论。

83. Any medical test will sometimes fail to detect a condition when it is present and indicate that there is one when it is not.

Only choice C, the best answer, produces a sentence in which every pronoun it refers clearly and logically to the noun condition. In choices A and B, the phrase indicate that there is one does not grammatically fit with when it is not because it has no referent. Choices B and D are imprecise in saying that a test will fail to detect when a condition is present, since the issue is the presence and not the timing of the condition. Further, its presence in D leaves the it in when it is not without a logical referent: it must refer to condition, not presence. Choice E repeats this error; also, the presence... when it is there is imprecise and redundant.

按他的解释，it并不只能按逻辑指代我们想指代的对象condition，而有可能指代到presence啊。另外AB的one的指代有什么特点么？

以下是引用sumel在2005-9-5 23:27:00的发言：

有疑问！og83，看ets的解释：

83. Any medical test will sometimes fail to detect a condition when it is present and indicate that there is one when it is not.

(A) a condition when it is present and indicate that there is one

(B) when a condition is present and indicate that there is one

(D) when a condition is present and indicate its presence（C）

(E) the presence of a condition when it is there and indicate its presence

按他的解释，it并不只能按逻辑指代我们想指代的对象condition，而有可能指代到presence啊。另外AB的one的指代有什么特点么？

顶这么老的帖子，罪过罪过-_-b

我觉得这里的解释没有说it可能指代到presence啊，AB中的one应该并不指代具体内容，只是和后边when it is not中的not并列比较。请NN指正：）

以下是引用isuffering在2003-9-19 12:59:00的发言：
总结：代词指代，就近指代 or按逻辑意思指代？

在总结时发现代词指代很值得讨论：
观点：代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代；
有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。

1．代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代。
举例：XDF-S7-T24，XDF-S12-T21

XDF-S7-T24
24. Several years ago the diet industry introduced a variety of appetite suppressants, but some of these drugs caused stomach disorders severe enough to have them banned by the Food and Drug Administration.
(A) stomach disorders severe enough to have them
(B) stomach disorders that were severe enough so they were
(C) stomach disorders of such severity so as to be
(D) such severe stomach disorders that they were
(E) such severe stomach disorders as to be
The answer is D.
其中
but some of these drugs caused such severe stomach disorders that they were banned by the Food and Drug Administration.
“they ” 按逻辑意思指代drugs，而非就近指代。

XDF-S12-T21
21. The filibuster, a parliamentary device that slows the snail’s pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems more and more an anachronism in the age of telecommunications.
(A) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(B) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone who is associated with it, seeming to be
(C) sessions, tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(D) sessions, that tests the endurance of everyone associated with it and seems
(E) sessions, testing the endurance of everyone associated with it and seeming

The answer is A.

其中
a parliamentary device that slows( the snail’s pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions) and tests ( the endurance of everyone associated with it)

即a parliamentary device that slows …and tests…
it按逻辑意思指代 a parliamentary device , 而非就近指代。

2．有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
举例：XDF-S12-T20，XDF-补充材料-T230

XDF-S12-T20
20. In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected.
(A) cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected
(B) cars that it had test-driven with their disconnected odometers
(C) its cars having been test-driven with disconnected odometers
(D) having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected
(E) having cars that were test-driven with disconnected odometers

The answer is D.

Sb. pay sth. for having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected.

其中with their odometers disconnected 作定语，修饰cars;
their 按逻辑意思指代cars.
虽然满足就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。

XDF-补充材料-T230
230. In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell, and they are.
(A) have been priced to sell, and they are
(B) are priced to sell, and they have
(C) are priced to sell, and they do
(D) are being priced to sell, and have
(E) had been priced to sell, and they have

The answer is C.

其中their wines are priced to sell, and they do.
“they” 按逻辑意思指代wines.
虽然满足就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。
注意：这里同一句中的their, they 并没有指代同一名词.
their指代前面的Vintners, 而they 指代wines.

结论：代词指代按逻辑意思指代，而非就近指代；
有的表面上看是就近指代，但根本还是按逻辑意思来指代。

抛砖引玉，欢迎讨论。

they和their都是指代vinters，这一条新东方的石林曾经讲过，虽然我对于石林的很多荒谬观点并不认同，但是这条我完全认同：在商业正式文件中，原则上一个句子中的代词（譬如their和they）只能指代同一个事物！

楼上，they do完整的形式是they do sell，我记得新东方上课的时候说，they指代wines,不过和你不是同一个老师。

代词按照逻辑关系指代？？楼主的观点应该有个前提：代词指代不是本题的考点。

如果楼主这一观点成立的话，所有的代词自动找到逻辑关系上的名词，

那么还有代词的“指代混淆”这一错误吗？（单复数错误除外）

以下是引用GMMBA在2007-12-23 17:38:00的发言：

代词按照逻辑关系指代？？楼主的观点应该有个前提：代词指代不是本题的考点。

如果楼主这一观点成立的话，所有的代词自动找到逻辑关系上的名词，

那么还有代词的“指代混淆”这一错误吗？（单复数错误除外）

此观点很有意思，我也想问一下，何为逻辑关系指代？在考试中有何规律可循？

其实 ETS对代词指代的规律也没有定论，XDF 说的也不准，还是每道题具体分析吧

Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the

United States

to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.

Q20: Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the

United States

to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.

Q11:

A South American bird
that forages for winged termites and other small insects while swinging
upside down from the foliage of tall trees, the graveteiro belongs
to the ovenbird family, a group of New World tropical birds that
includes more than 230 species and that are represented in virtually every kind of habitat.