63. A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are trimmed.
(A) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are
(B) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one once their horns are
(C) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns have been
(D) if tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns are
(E) if tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one after the animals' horns have been
选C？
请问在after后面不是应该＋加一个时间点吗？ 比如 after i finish my job,或者 after the breakfast.
为什么og11中解释，after 后面改成 have been 就可以了，难道不是越改越错？ 请牛人帮忙。
我觉得这更像PROPOSAL相关的虚拟语气，后一个句子是对PROPOSAL的影响的描述，不是对实际情况的描述，因此要用对假设的条件要用完成时来说明是虚拟的。
我的问题是对OG的解释中说：since their could refer to either tourists or rhinoceroses, it is inappropriately ambiguous whose horns are being trimmed.按照就近原则，their显然指的是rhinoceroses,而不是tourists,从意思上那么理解更是荒唐，这有什么ambiguous的呢？各位如何理解?
昨天在另一个地方贴过几乎同样的帖子，现在感觉这里才是一个读帖发帖的地方，要是把大家就每个题的讨论集中在一起就好了，或者告诉大家都到这里来，就不会这么麻烦了。
昨天的帖子：http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&replyID=1620537&id=172134&skin=0
OG中说after之后要用现在完成时，表达动作在游客来之前已完成。
这个虽然没错，但是我们以前不是学过这样的原则吗：有特定的时间状语比如after,before之类，虽然动作的顺序有先后，但是也可以不用相应的完成时态，只需要用一般时就行了。况且本句中有“will continue" 的将来时态，更加呼应了after之后不一定要现在完成时。
当然OG的“用现在完成时能更好的表达时间顺序”的说法肯定没错，只是它说一般时不对，就有点让人想不明白。难道大家的语法老师不是一个人？呵呵。
另外，用once引导的条件状语从句，其实也不一定要用完成时吧。在once和after引导的从句中，只用一般时就能表达完成意思的例句，有很多的。
请指教。
up
after 后面不是可以跟 doing 吗？
一定非要跟完成时？
我觉得这更像PROPOSAL相关的虚拟语气，后一个句子是对PROPOSAL的影响的描述，不是对实际情况的描述，因此要用对假设的条件要用完成时来说明是虚拟的。
我的问题是对OG的解释中说：since their could refer to either tourists or rhinoceroses, it is inappropriately ambiguous whose horns are being trimmed.按照就近原则，their显然指的是rhinoceroses,而不是tourists,从意思上那么理解更是荒唐，这有什么ambiguous的呢？各位如何理解?
謝謝對完成時的解釋，比較合理
我覺得their的指代是遵循白癡原則的，而且考場上沒有那麽多時間慢慢考慮意思是否荒唐
既然tourists和rhinoceroses是性質相同的復數名詞成分，那就有可能ambiguous
我认为snowfield对如何用完成时的理解比较合理。我的问题是，为什么用wether不用if，如果c 只把wether 换成if对不对，OG对此的解释是，当只有2个可供选择项时，wether比if更号，不懂？
偶觉得这种时候还是用排除法
after 后面用现在完成时不算绝对的错误，所以暂且不看
if开头肯定不对，所以d,e排除
see one这种用法非常awkward，所以b,e也肯定不对
所以主要是a和c中选一个
这里的after是连词，而不是大家所认为的介词。
介词的后面不能接完整的主谓结构（白勇语）。
根据牛津第六版，给出after做连词的英文释义：
conj at a time later than sth;when sth has finished
用一个抽象的比方：A after B这里A、B都表示某件事，B在A之前发生。
如题，visit发生在后，trim发生在前，为了表示这样的先后次序，trim就用现在完成时啰！
这个题目在没有查词典前因为不少单词不认识，就无法理解该题目。
后来明白了，在这个题目 里after后面是一定用完成时的，因为原文希望表达的逻辑意思是，有人担忧，如果犀牛的角被修整过了（前文提到，用于减少猎杀者的兴趣）是否会导致游客不再到竞技场看斗牛？ 所以一定是用完成时来表达这一因果的。
请多多指正。
我来问一个有关本题OG解释的问题,OG的解释中说道:When only two alternatives are possible,to continue to visit or not not to continue to visit ,whether(or whether or not)is properly used rather than if. 看来OG对whether or not的用法并不排斥阿,它是否和whether具有同等优选的地位呢? 当它和whether同时出现时,是否只能通过选项的其他差异来选择呢?
我来问一个有关本题OG解释的问题,OG的解释中说道:When only two alternatives are possible,to continue to visit or not not to continue to visit ,whether(or whether or not)is properly used rather than if. 看来OG对whether or not的用法并不排斥阿,它是否和whether具有同等优选的地位呢? 当它和whether同时出现时,是否只能通过选项的其他差异来选择呢?
whether和or not是重复的，一般whether。。。 or not都视为错！
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=350231&replyID=&skin=1
对啊，我就选的A
A怎么就不对啊 ？
偶觉得这种时候还是用排除法
after 后面用现在完成时不算绝对的错误，所以暂且不看
if开头肯定不对，所以d,e排除
see one这种用法非常awkward，所以b,e也肯定不对
所以主要是a和c中选一个
刚才帖子没说清楚，引用楼上的观点。为什么A不对？
63. A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are trimmed.
(A) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are
(B) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one once their horns are
(C) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns have been
(D) if tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns are
(E) if tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one after the animals' horns have been
同意楼主选C 因为trimmed这个动作发生在visit之前
同理的几道题 Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language. A. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are amassed这个动作发生在drawing前面 用having amassed正合适 B. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are 状语位置的改变引起歧义 这里and多余 C. Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are 去掉了having不能表达amassed的动作在drawing前面 状语位置的改变引起歧义 and 多余 D. Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,句子重心的改变 E. Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,句子重心改变 状语位置改变引起歧义 73. Combinging enormous physical strength with higher intelligence, the Neanderthals appear as equipped for facing for any obstable the environment could put in their path, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental change let to their extinction. A. appear as equipped for facing any obstable the environment could put in their path, B. appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path, C. appear as equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their paths, D. appeared as equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their paths, E. appeared to have been equipped for facing any obstable the environment could put in their path,
Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
A. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are amassed这个动作发生在drawing前面 用having amassed正合适
B. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are 状语位置的改变引起歧义 这里and多余
C. Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are 去掉了having不能表达amassed的动作在drawing前面 状语位置的改变引起歧义 and 多余
D. Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,句子重心的改变
E. Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,句子重心改变 状语位置改变引起歧义
73. Combinging enormous physical strength with higher intelligence, the Neanderthals appear as equipped for facing for any obstable the environment could put in their path, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental change let to their extinction.
A. appear as equipped for facing any obstable the environment could put in their path,
B. appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path,
C. appear as equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their paths,
D. appeared as equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their paths,
E. appeared to have been equipped for facing any obstable the environment could put in their path,
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