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作者: sunnybest 时间: 2005-12-9 08:23
标题: [讨论]

Q7 to Q10:

The term “episodic memory” was

introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line the ability to recollect specific past events,

(5) to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences. Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

(10) memory in animals. According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together. Clayton sought to

(15) examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation. In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

(20) scarcity. Clayton’s experiment required

jays to remember the type, location, and

freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event. Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another. Jays

(25) prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly. Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

(30) information about the what, the where,

and the when. Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information. Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q10:

In order for Clayton’s experiment to show that scrub jays have episodic-like memory, which of the following must be true in the experiment?

Some of the jays retrieved stored peanuts on the first occasion they were allowed to retrieve food.

All the crickets were retrieved before any of the peanuts were.

The peanuts were stored further away than the crickets.

When a jay attempted to retrieve a cricket or a peanut, the jay was prevented from eating it.

Throughout the experiment the jays were fed at levels typical of a time of scarcity.

答案E，不知如何定位？

作者: carolhide 时间: 2005-12-9 15:25
In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

(20) scarcity.

看这句话。

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