这道题我选了C, 并且同意gemj的想法. 到底哪个对?
我开始选了C 理由和楼上的同, 另外觉得 process by which 中的by which 能体现一种微妙的强调process 的重要的感觉. 看了诸位的讨论,再推敲,有了点发现, A 还是对的.
7. Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity.
(A) that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity
(B) of producing and understanding it have revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity
(C) by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity
我把A 和C分别代入看看逻辑意义:
A: Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity.
it 我认为指代language
C: Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity
我觉得虽然A 中用了instead of 但不能就此一棒打死
C 中 the processes by which it is produced and understood 因为有了it, 又有了the process 就变成了两个主语了. 所以错了. 跟OG里那道车主给车胎充气能提高轮胎使用效率中的错误项类似. by 后面如果是名词, 则是逻辑主语, 如果是动名词则修饰主谓表利用什么方式,手段. 这里的Process应该是逻辑主语
A 不存在两个逻辑主语的问题, 虽然用了instead of不如not...but 优先, 但C已经有了重大错误情况下, A 是对的.
个人意见. 欢迎继续讨论.
我也选了C的，仔细看A/C选项，觉得C还是不太对。理由如下：
Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity。
C把process作为语言produce/understand的施动者，用by引导，显然是不合适的。如果改成in which的话我觉得可能好接受一点，但那样produce/understand又没有施动者了不符合ETS要求。
A读起来也很拗口，不完美。我不知道885是个什么DD，为什么ETS老是让我们在不同的错误中找错的更严重的那个，还有在语法似乎都没问题的选项中找最符合语言习惯的那个。我觉得语法的权衡太重要的。
错误选项找出错的比较"完美"的选项,即为答案,我觉得选A
主动大于被动, 关键是C中被动态逻辑上有问题。 By which it is produced 问题不大，但是by which it is understood...process 本身绝对不能是understand 的动作执行者。
我也选了C的，仔细看A/C选项，觉得C还是不太对。理由如下：
Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity。
C把process作为语言produce/understand的施动者，用by引导，显然是不合适的。如果改成in which的话我觉得可能好接受一点，但那样produce/understand又没有施动者了不符合ETS要求。
A中的process难道就不是施动者了吗？
A读起来也很拗口，不完美。我不知道885是个什么DD，为什么ETS老是让我们在不同的错误中找错的更严重的那个，还有在语法似乎都没问题的选项中找最符合语言习惯的那个。我觉得语法的权衡太重要的。
我认为C不对,A也不对
Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity。这里怎么可以用has, 明摆着用have的么。
所以我选D!rather than也是好过instead of，多么的perfect
Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes by which it is produced and understood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying simplicity 。
processes是对应research的吗?
应该是对应language的吧?!
后面谓语动词是reveal,只可能是research reveals...,
processes reveal ...是说不通的
觉得A选项的解释太牵强
process有"方法"的解释,
这样理解的话,processes by which it(language)is produced and understood,是不是就说得通了呢
请NN指教啊!
想不通!
我选A
但是对instead of 不满意，
觉得该是rather than
对于C我始终不理解为什么要用by不大理解
A中的that从句很好啊
我选A
但是对instead of 不满意，
觉得该是rather than
对于C我始终不理解为什么要用by不大理解
A中的that从句很好啊
我选C，正是因为instead of 不对我觉得。
by the process啊
再说，从句意上讲，研究语言的性质和它被理解的过程 才合理啊
有定论吗？
偶也选的C。
顶一下，NN再来解释一下这个题吧。。
这题the nature of language和the processes平行的
B,D,E have与research不一致
Research on the processes that produce it and make it understandable… ----it 指代research
Research on the processes by which it is produced and understood这里的被动不好，因为动作的施加者已经知道是processes了，所以这里还是用主动清楚地
所以AAAAA
hehe
`~
我认为C不对,A也不对
Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity。这里怎么可以用has, 明摆着用have的么。
所以我选D!rather than也是好过instead of，多么的perfect
Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes by which it is produced and understood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying simplicity 。
这个说法挺新颖,粗看有理,但是我不同意,理由如下:
Processes如果要和research平行,感觉上就不应该在前面加 the,否则读起来有点怪怪的:一个泛指一个特指混在一起平行.不如 the process和the nature平行来的好.
这题我选C,理由是,除了instead of 之外, produce and make it understandable我认为有可能会有歧义.
理解1: produce and make平行,共用it作为宾语,就是----produce it understandable,并且 make it understandable,但是produce it understandable 又算什么意思呢??OK,pass就算对
理解2: produce 和 make it understandable平行,这时候感觉就不舒服了.produce没有宾语.
再看C, by which it is produced and understood 就解决了上面歧义的问题. by which怎么了?有错么? which指代 process, by this processes, it is produced and understood. 挺通顺啊. 再看it指代谁. it指代language就说得过去啊; 另外,这里by不是表示动作发出者,而是表示手段."借助..."
{ 关于语言的本质,and 一个过程,(by该过程语言被创造<produced>以及被懂得<understood>)}的研究(research)揭示了.....
所以我选CCCCCCCCCC
另外想到一点: 如果选A,那么 produce和 make的施动者又是谁???processes?
可是C, 正因为不清楚施动者,我们才选择被动语态啊!所以被动不是罪名
个人认为，C有两个问题，
1。the processes by which it (指代language)is produced and understood 在意思上还是说不通
2。has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity 也比较别扭，正常来说，这里用not...but...的话，会让读者觉得是在强调not 后的内容；试比较，has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity，感觉更顺一些
i think "it" refers to " nature of language"= the process by which the nature of language is understood. it sounds much better than make the language understandable.
这个说法挺新颖,粗看有理,但是我不同意,理由如下:
Processes如果要和research平行,感觉上就不应该在前面加 the,否则读起来有点怪怪的:一个泛指一个特指混在一起平行.不如 the process和the nature平行来的好.
这题我选C,理由是,除了instead of 之外, produce and make it understandable我认为有可能会有歧义.
理解1: produce and make平行,共用it作为宾语,就是----produce it understandable,并且 make it understandable,但是produce it understandable 又算什么意思呢??OK,pass就算对
理解2: produce 和 make it understandable平行,这时候感觉就不舒服了.produce没有宾语.
再看C, by which it is produced and understood 就解决了上面歧义的问题. by which怎么了?有错么? which指代 process, by this processes, it is produced and understood. 挺通顺啊. 再看it指代谁. it指代language就说得过去啊; 另外,这里by不是表示动作发出者,而是表示手段."借助..."
{ 关于语言的本质,and 一个过程,(by该过程语言被创造<produced>以及被懂得<understood>)}的研究(research)揭示了.....
所以我选CCCCCCCCCC
另外想到一点: 如果选A,那么 produce和 make的施动者又是谁???processes?
可是C, 正因为不清楚施动者,我们才选择被动语态啊!所以被动不是罪名
解释得非常精彩，选C
看了很多大牛的总结，答案就在a和c中间，nn们多讨论了that和it的指代问题，看的都要晕了。。
我觉得可以从instead of入手来分析，前面有nn说instead of不一定用就是错的，是！但是正确的时候是在表达 “代替”的时候，
OG在解释做“而不是”意思的时候，说应该用rather than因为instead of有主观含义在里面。
a里的instead of表达“而不是”，这是ets明确反对的用法，所以是correctiveness的错误
c里面的that it无论分析出有什么问题，跟a对比起来就是effectiveness的错误
所以选c
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