Wildflower populations in both City K and City L have been declining rapidly. The government plans to allocate funds to protect the wildflowers. The annual percentage decrease of wildflowers in City K is 5%, while the annual percentage decrease in City L is 10%. However, the government intends to use the funds to protect the wildflowers in City L.
Which of the following, if true, would best justify the government's decision?
(A) The wildflowers found in City L are more economically valuable than those in City K.
(B) City L has a larger total area of wildflower habitat compared to City K.
(C) The soil conditions in City L are more conducive to wildflower growth than those in City K.
(D) Most of the wildflower species found in City L are rarely seen in other locations.
(E) The local government in City L has been more proactive in wildflower conservation efforts than the government in City K.
Despite the recent downturn in the financial industry, managers at Company X have managed to maintain their performance-based bonuses at a consistent level. This is because managers at other companies in the same industry have not experienced a decrease in their bonuses. If Company X were to reduce their managers' bonuses, the most likely consequence would be that these managers would seek employment in other industries.
Which of the following is an assumption underlying the argument above?
(A) The performance-based bonuses for managers at Company X are higher than those at other companies in the financial industry.
(B) Managers at Company X possess skills and expertise that are highly sought after in other industries.
(C) The financial industry is expected to recover from the downturn within the next few years.
(D) Managers at Company X do not face significant barriers to entry when transitioning to other industries.
(E) The demand for managers in other industries is sufficient to absorb an influx of managers from the financial industry.
答案：
DD
2.RC
Lindh and Baker found that six earthquakes took place at intervals of approximately twenty-two years along a fifteen-mile section of the San Andreas fault, near the small town of Parkfield. According to their theory, the next quake of at least magnitude 6.0 near Parkfield should have struck by 1988; by the end of 1992 the probability for its occurrence should have reached 95 percent. Previous earthquakes in Parkfield were reported to have been preceded by many anomalous precursors. To detect precursors, more than twenty observational networks have been installed near Parkfield. As of this writing, however, the long-awaited Parkfield earthquake still has not been felt. The negative result of the Parkfield experiment has cast strong doubt on the idea that earthquakes are periodic. Evidence against earthquake cycles has also come from a relatively new field, call paleoseismology. Large earthquakes give rise to logical features such as fault scarps, landslides and soil liquefaction that can be exhumed and radiocarbondated hundreds or even thousands of years after the event. In 1989 the paleoseismologist Kerry E. Sieh of Caltech and his colleagues published a chronology of earthquakes at Pallett Creek, which lies along the San Andreas fault about thirty-five miles northeast of Los Angelas. They determined that the mean interval between ten earthquakes that took place in the past two millenniums was 132 years. But individual intervals ranged from forty-four to 332 years. Lindh remains unfazed. "I think earthquake prediction is like working on an AIDS vaccine," he says. "You are not allowed to be pessimistic or optimistic." Robert Wesson, too, maintains that predictions can help mitigate hazards. But other seismologists take a hard line. Robert Geller vigirogously opposes any kind of forecast, insisting that neither short-term nor long-term predictions have a sound scientific basic. "The danger in basing government policy on such unsound predictions," he says "is that there is a tendency to assume that particular regions are especially dangerous. That has the effect of concentrating earthquake disaster mitigation efforts, rather than spreading them out over an entire region of similar geological and seismic type.
According to the passage, which of the following is true about the Parkfield earthquake prediction?
(A) It was based on the theory that earthquakes occur at regular intervals along the San Andreas fault.
(B) It was supported by the detection of numerous precursors by observational networks.
(C) It successfully predicted the occurrence of a magnitude 6.0 earthquake by 1988.
(D) It has been definitively disproven by the lack of a major earthquake in Parkfield by 1992.
(E) It has led to increased confidence in the idea that earthquakes are periodic.
The passage suggests that the findings of paleoseismology have:
(A) provided support for the theory of earthquake cycles
(B) challenged the notion that earthquakes occur at predictable intervals
(C) confirmed the predictions made by Lindh and Baker about the Parkfield earthquake
(D) demonstrated the effectiveness of using precursors to predict earthquakes
(E) shown that earthquakes along the San Andreas fault occur at an average interval of 132 years
Based on the information in the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the observational networks installed near Parkfield?
(A) They were installed after the predicted time period for the Parkfield earthquake had passed.
(B) They were able to detect the precursors that were reported to have preceded previous Parkfield earthquakes.
(C) They were designed to monitor seismic activity along a fifteen-mile section of the San Andreas fault.
(D) They provided data that was used to support the theory of earthquake cycles.
(E) They were still in operation at the time the passage was written.
The passage mentions all of the following as evidence used in the study of earthquakes EXCEPT:
(A) radiocarbondating of geological features
(B) historical reports of earthquake precursors
(C) chronologies of past earthquakes
(D) measurements of fault scarp dimensions
(E) monitoring of soil liquefaction
According to Robert Geller, basing government policy on earthquake predictions could lead to which of the following?
(A) An overemphasis on short-term predictions at the expense of long-term forecasts
(B) A concentration of disaster mitigation efforts in specific regions believed to be at high risk
(C) A lack of preparedness in regions that are considered to be of similar geological and seismic type
(D) An increase in public complacency regarding the risks posed by earthquakes
(E) A diversion of resources away from the development of sound scientific theories about earthquakes
The author of the passage would most likely agree with which of the following statements?
(A) Earthquake prediction is a field that requires a balanced perspective, neither overly pessimistic nor optimistic.
(B) The Parkfield experiment has provided conclusive evidence against the theory of earthquake cycles.
(C) Paleoseismology has revolutionized our understanding of earthquake periodicity.
(D) Government policy should not be based on earthquake predictions that lack a sound scientific basis.
(E) The development of an AIDS vaccine is unrelated to the challenges faced in earthquake prediction.
The primary purpose of the passage is to:
(A) argue for the importance of continued research into earthquake prediction methods
(B) present conflicting viewpoints regarding the predictability of earthquakes
(C) describe the geological features that are used to study past earthquakes
(D) explain the reasons behind the failure of the Parkfield earthquake prediction
(E) advocate for a more even distribution of earthquake disaster mitigation efforts
According to the passage, Kerry E. Sieh's study of earthquakes at Pallett Creek found that:
(A) earthquakes occurred at regular intervals of 132 years
(B) the most recent earthquake took place 332 years ago
(C) the intervals between earthquakes varied considerably
(D) there was no discernible pattern to the occurrence of earthquakes
(E) earthquakes in the region were consistently preceded by identifiable precursors
(A)
(B)
(E)
(E)
(B)
(D)
(B)
(C)
3.DI
The Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno, in his work "On the Infinite Universe and Worlds" (1584), proposed that the universe is infinite and contains an endless number of worlds, a concept that challenged the prevailing Aristotelian view of a finite, geocentric universe. Bruno's ideas were heavily influenced by the Copernican revolution, which posited that the Earth revolves around the Sun, and by the notion of atomism, which held that matter is composed of indivisible particles.
Bruno argued that if the universe were infinite, it would be incompatible with the idea of a divine creator, as an infinite universe would have no center and no boundary, making it impossible for a creator to be located outside of it. This idea put Bruno in direct conflict with the Catholic Church, which held that the universe was finite and created by God.
Despite the lack of observational evidence at the time, Bruno's ideas were supported by his philosophical arguments and his belief in the principle of plenitude, which holds that if something is possible, it must exist in an infinite universe. He also drew upon the concept of the "plurality of worlds," which suggests that other planets may harbor life, a notion that has gained traction in recent years with the discovery of numerous exoplanets.
However, Bruno's ideas were met with strong opposition from the Catholic Church, which viewed his teachings as heretical. In 1600, after a lengthy trial, Bruno was found guilty of heresy and burned at the stake in Rome's Campo de' Fiori. His execution became a symbol of the conflict between scientific inquiry and religious dogma, and his ideas would remain largely suppressed until the Enlightenment.
In the centuries following Bruno's death, the development of the telescope and advancements in astronomical observations provided support for his ideas. The discovery of galaxies beyond the Milky Way by Edwin Hubble in the 1920s suggested that the universe was much larger than previously believed. More recently, the detection of the cosmic microwave background radiation and the observation of the accelerating expansion of the universe have provided further evidence for the Big Bang theory and the notion of an infinite universe.
Despite the scientific support for an infinite universe, the concept remains a matter of philosophical and scientific debate. Some scientists argue that the universe may be finite but unbounded, like the surface of a sphere, while others maintain that it is truly infinite. The question of whether an infinite universe is compatible with the idea of a divine creator also remains a topic of theological and philosophical discussion.
Estimated data:
Number of exoplanets discovered as of 2021: 4,383
Percentage of these exoplanets that are potentially habitable: 1.2%
Distance to the nearest potentially habitable exoplanet: 4.2 light-years (Proxima Centauri b)
Estimated number of galaxies in the observable universe: 2 trillion
Estimated number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy: 100-400 billion
Age of the universe according to the Big Bang theory: 13.8 billion years
Questions:
Which of the following best summarizes Giordano Bruno's view on the universe?
(A) The universe is finite and geocentric
(B) The universe is infinite and contains many worlds
(C) The universe was created by a divine entity
(D) The universe is composed of indivisible particles called atoms
According to the passage, Bruno's ideas were influenced by:
(A) Aristotelian philosophy
(B) The Copernican revolution
(C) The teachings of the Catholic Church
(D) The principle of plenitude
The concept of the "plurality of worlds" suggests that:
(A) The Earth is the only planet that harbors life
(B) Other planets may contain life
(C) All planets in the universe are inhabited
(D) Life cannot exist on other planets
What percentage of the discovered exoplanets are potentially habitable?
(A) 0.12%
(B) 1.2%
(C) 12%
(D) 42%
The discovery of galaxies beyond the Milky Way was made by:
(A) Giordano Bruno
(B) Edwin Hubble
(C) Georges Lemaître
(D) Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
The cosmic microwave background radiation provides evidence for:
(A) The Steady State theory
(B) The Oscillating Universe theory
(C) The Big Bang theory
(D) The Eternal Universe theory
The estimated number of galaxies in the observable universe is closest to:
(A) 2 million
(B) 2 billion
(C) 2 trillion
(D) 2 quadrillion
How many stars are estimated to be in the Milky Way galaxy?
(A) 100-400 million
(B) 1-4 billion
(C) 10-40 billion
(D) 100-400 billion
The age of the universe according to the Big Bang theory is approximately:
(A) 1.38 billion years
(B) 4.2 billion years
(C) 13.8 billion years
(D) 138 billion years
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a point of debate regarding the nature of the universe?
(A) Whether the universe is finite or infinite
(B) Whether an infinite universe is compatible with a divine creator
(C) Whether the universe is expanding or contracting
(D) Whether the universe has a center and a boundary
1. 前提：K下降5%, L下降10%；政府拨款给L
矛盾点：L显然成本上花销更多（如果面积差不多），但政府选择L
选项：A 说L经济效益更好，但变量面积未知，错
B 说L面积更大，本来就下降更多，面积再更大是削弱，错
C 说L土壤环境存活更好，但变量面积未知，不知道到底能不能实际上节约成本
D 说L处花比别处都罕见，提供新角度解释矛盾点，考虑正确
E 说L政府保护更积极，此角度完全无关（前提中不含两地政府此要素）
此题未知变量面积，要么确定面积再比较两地成本，要么给含逻辑链要素新角度
2. 前提：金融产业下行X公司却维持绩效奖金
原因：金融产业所有公司都不减绩效→减了就会导致员工同行跳槽
选项：A X公司绩效比其他同行都高，取非不能证明员工一定跳槽，错
B 其他行业，无关
C 金融业要好起来，无关
D X公司在本行业跳槽很容易，加强原因，正确
E 其他行业，无关
[/md]作者: Xuan_03 时间: 2024-10-22 12:39
[md]CR-1
P：K和L的decrease percentage分别为5%和10%
C：政府决定拨款给L
逻辑gap填补：因为最终目的是要protect the wildflowers，但是KL两地都有windflower减退的情况发生，为什么拨款给L能更好地保护windflowers呢？依次分析不同的选项，(A) economically valuable显然不是政府的首要目的，(B) L有larger total area，但是同时也有更大的衰退率，所以也说不过去，(C) The soil conditions in City L are more conducive to wildflower growth than those in City K，和B很像，但是依旧不一定能抵消L地衰退率更高的事实，(D) Most of the wildflower species found in City L are rarely seen in other locations.此项正确，这个因素无关于两地的衰退率，(E) The local government in City L has been more proactive in wildflower conservation efforts than the government in City K同样，无关