Some people argue that those who are highly familiar with mathematics will certainly enjoy engaging with it. This argument relies on which of the following assumptions?
A. Familiarity with a game always leads to enjoyment in playing that game.
B. Mathematics is a game that everyone can enjoy, regardless of their familiarity with it.
C. Enjoyment of mathematics is solely determined by one's level of familiarity with it.
D. Those who are not familiar with mathematics will not enjoy engaging with it.
E. Familiarity with mathematics is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for enjoying it.
In recent years, many celebrities have launched their own fashion brands. However, top-tier fashion designers rarely establish their own brands. Only designers with exceptional design skills tend to open their own stores. Consequently, the designs of celebrity-owned fashion brands are often not as impressive as those of top designers.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why designs from celebrity-owned fashion brands are often not as impressive as those of top designers?
A. Celebrities who launch fashion brands typically do not have formal training in fashion design.
B. Top-tier fashion designers are more likely to collaborate with established fashion houses than launch their own brands.
C. Celebrity-owned fashion brands often prioritize marketability over innovative design.
D. Celebrities tend to hire designers who are not among the most talented in the industry for their fashion brands.
E. The success of celebrity-owned fashion brands is primarily driven by the popularity of the celebrity rather than the quality of the designs.
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Buildings, roads and sidewalkshave developed an appetite for air pollution. Researchers in Japan and HongKong are testing construction materials coatedwith titanium dioxide—thestuff of white paint and toothpaste—tosee how well they can fight pollution.
Better known as a pigment for whiteness, titanium dioxide can clear the air because itis an efficient photocatalyst: it speeds the breakdown of water vapor by ultravioletlight. The results of this reaction are hydroxyl radicals, which attack bothinorganic and organic compounds, and turn them into molecules that can beharmlessly washed away with the next rainfall. But it wouldn’t work to smear toothpaste on the sidewalk—the titanium dioxidecrystals in such applications are too large (about 20 to 250 nanometers wide).The width of the pollution-fighting form is about seven nanometers, offeringmuch more surface area for photocatalysis.
In the early 1970s researchers from the Universityof Tokyo described titanium dioxide’s photocatalytic abilities. Since then, scientistshave exploited the compound to kill bacteria on hospital surfaces and to treatcontaminated water. Fighting nitrogen oxide on the streets is the latest twist.In Hong Kong, concrete slabs coated with titanium dioxide removedup to 90 percent of nitrogen oxides, most commonly spewed from older cars anddiesel trucks and a contributor to smog, acid rain and other environmental headaches.In taking care of the contaminants, a coating of titanium dioxide did in minutes what theenvironment does in months, says Jimmy Chai-Mei Yu, a chemist at the ChineseUniversity of Hong Kong. Moreover, he adds, because titanium dioxide is acatalyst, it could last forever.
Despite its promise, the compound is no magical cure. “The bigproblem with titanium dioxideis that it doesn’t absorb sunlight very well,” says Carl Koval, achemist at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Only 3 percent of sunlightfalls into the range needed for the titanium dioxide to work, points out Adam Heller, a chemicalengineer at the University of Texas at Austin. A recent advance by Ryoji Asahi of Toyota Central R&D Laboratoriesin Nagakute, Japan, boosted the efficiency to 10 percent, but, Heller notes,“it’s still a small fraction of the sunlight.”
And although titanium dioxide is relatively inexpensive,paving roads and coating buildings with this substance could add up. “Thecountries with the most air pollution will benefit the most from thistechnology,” Yu observes, “but unfortunately those are the countries that won’tbe able to afford it.”
Question 1: The primary purpose of the passage is to:
A. Explain the process by which titanium dioxide breaks down air pollutants
B. Discuss the limitations of using titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst
C. Describe the various applications of titanium dioxide in fighting pollution
D. Compare the effectiveness of titanium dioxide to other pollution-fighting methods
E. Advocate for the widespread use of titanium dioxide in construction materials
Question 2: The author's attitude towards the use of titanium dioxide as a pollution-fighting tool can best be described as:
A. Highly optimistic about its potential to solve air pollution problems
B. Cautiously hopeful about its benefits, while acknowledging its limitations
C. Skeptical about its practicality and cost-effectiveness
D. Dismissive of its potential due to its reliance on ultraviolet light
E. Neutral, presenting both advantages and disadvantages without taking a stance
Question 3: According to the passage, all of the following are factors that limit the effectiveness of titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst EXCEPT:
A. Its inability to absorb a significant portion of sunlight
B. The small percentage of sunlight that falls into the necessary range for activation
C. The relatively high cost of coating buildings and roads with the compound
D. The need for ultraviolet light to initiate the photocatalytic process
E. The short lifespan of titanium dioxide as a catalyst in the reaction
Question 4: The passage suggests that the most significant advantage of using titanium dioxide to combat air pollution is its:
A. Ability to break down both organic and inorganic compounds
B. Potential to last indefinitely due to its catalytic properties
C. Effectiveness in removing a high percentage of nitrogen oxides
D. Rapid action compared to the natural breakdown of contaminants
E. Versatility in various applications, from hospital surfaces to contaminated water
Question 5: The author's primary purpose in mentioning the work of Ryoji Asahi of Toyota Central R&D Laboratories is to:
A. Provide evidence of the limited sunlight absorption efficiency of titanium dioxide
B. Suggest that recent advances have made titanium dioxide more cost-effective
C. Illustrate the ongoing research efforts to improve titanium dioxide's photocatalytic abilities
D. Emphasize the importance of collaboration between industry and academia
E. Challenge the findings of other researchers mentioned in the passage
Question 6: The passage is most likely to be an excerpt from:
A. A technical manual on the properties and applications of titanium dioxide
B. A popular science article discussing innovative pollution-fighting technologies
C. A research paper comparing various photocatalytic compounds
D. An opinion piece advocating for stricter air pollution regulations
E. A news report on the latest developments in environmental science
Question 7: The author's statement that "the countries with the most air pollution will benefit the most from this technology" serves to:
A. Emphasize the global nature of air pollution and the need for international cooperation
B. Suggest that developed countries have a responsibility to help poorer nations combat pollution
C. Imply that the cost of implementing titanium dioxide technology is justified by its potential benefits
D. Highlight the irony that countries most in need of this technology may be least able to afford it
E. Encourage further research to make titanium dioxide more cost-effective for widespread use
Question 8: Based on the information in the passage, which of the following statements about nitrogen oxides is true?
A. They are the primary target of titanium dioxide's photocatalytic action.
B. They are a byproduct of the reaction between titanium dioxide and water vapor.
C. They are the most harmful form of air pollution mentioned in the passage.
D. They are more effectively broken down by titanium dioxide than organic compounds.
E. They are primarily produced by newer cars and diesel trucks.
CBEBCBDA
In the 12th century, the Knights Templar, a powerful religious military order, embarked on a secret mission to uncover the lost secrets of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. According to recently discovered manuscripts, the Templars believed that the gardens held the key to unlocking ancient knowledge that could grant them immense power and influence.
The manuscripts reveal that the Templars sent a delegation of their most skilled engineers and scholars to the ruins of Babylon, tasked with studying the remains of the Hanging Gardens and deciphering the complex irrigation system that once sustained them. The delegation spent years excavating the site, making detailed measurements and drawings, and collecting samples of the unique clay used in the construction of the terraces.
Upon their return to Europe, the Templars began to construct their own version of the Hanging Gardens within the walls of their fortresses. These gardens, known as the "Templar Gardens," were not only marvels of engineering but also served as a cover for the order's clandestine activities. The Templars used the gardens to cultivate rare medicinal plants, conduct alchemical experiments, and hold secret meetings away from prying eyes.
According to financial records from the period, the construction and maintenance of the Templar Gardens required significant resources. The order spent an estimated 50,000 gold florins per year on the gardens, which included costs for materials, labor, and the salaries of specialized gardeners and engineers. This expenditure represented approximately 15% of the Templars' annual budget, underscoring the importance they placed on the project.
The Templar Gardens were not merely an attempt to recreate the grandeur of the Hanging Gardens but also a means to unravel the mysteries of ancient Babylonian knowledge. The Templars believed that by mastering the secrets of the gardens, they could gain access to powerful esoteric wisdom that would elevate their status and influence in medieval society.
However, the Templars' obsession with the Hanging Gardens ultimately contributed to their downfall. When King Philip IV of France ordered the arrest of the Templars in 1307, accusing them of heresy and other crimes, the existence of the Templar Gardens was used as evidence of their alleged dabbling in forbidden practices. The gardens were subsequently destroyed, and the knowledge the Templars had gleaned from their study of the Hanging Gardens was lost to history.
Today, the legacy of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Templar Gardens endures as a testament to the enduring human fascination with the mysteries of the ancient world and the lengths to which people will go to uncover them. The story of the Templars' secret mission serves as a reminder that the pursuit of knowledge and power can be both a driving force for innovation and a path fraught with peril.
Questions:
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:
A. Explore the role of the Hanging Gardens in Babylonian water management
B. Examine the Knights Templar's fascination with the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
C. Compare the construction techniques used in the Hanging Gardens and the Templar Gardens
D. Analyze the financial implications of the Templars' construction of their own gardens
E. Investigate the reasons behind the destruction of the Templar Gardens
2. According to the passage, the Templars believed that the Hanging Gardens of Babylon contained:
A. Rare medicinal plants that could be cultivated for profit
B. Esoteric wisdom that could elevate their status and influence
C. Alchemical secrets that would grant them immense power
D. Evidence of ancient alien technology
E. The key to deciphering the Templars' coded manuscripts
3. The passage suggests that the Templar Gardens were:
A. An exact replica of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
B. A secret location for the Templars to conduct clandestine activities
C. A public display of the Templars' wealth and engineering prowess
D. A collaborative project between the Templars and Babylonian scholars
E. A failed attempt to recreate the grandeur of the ancient world
4. The financial records mentioned in the passage indicate that:
A. The Templars spent a significant portion of their budget on the Templar Gardens
B. The construction of the Templar Gardens nearly bankrupted the order
C. The Templar Gardens generated significant income for the order through the sale of medicinal plants
D. The Templars received financial support from Babylonian descendants to build the gardens
E. The cost of maintaining the Templar Gardens was negligible compared to the order's other expenses
5. The passage implies that the Templars' study of the Hanging Gardens was:
A. A purely academic pursuit with no practical applications
B. An attempt to improve their agricultural techniques
C. A means to gain political influence in medieval Europe
D. Driven by a desire to uncover ancient knowledge and power
E. Commissioned by the King of France to expand the Templars' wealth
6. According to the passage, the destruction of the Templar Gardens was:
A. A direct result of the Templars' heretical practices
B. Ordered by King Philip IV during the arrest of the Templars
C. Caused by a lack of maintenance and funding
D. A consequence of a natural disaster
E. Carried out by rival religious orders
7. The author's attitude towards the Templars' pursuit of knowledge can best be described as:
A. Unequivocally supportive
B. Highly critical
C. Ambivalent, recognizing both its potential benefits and drawbacks
D. Dismissive of its practical applications
E. Uninterested in its historical significance
8. The passage suggests that the Templars' delegation to Babylon:
A. Consisted primarily of unskilled laborers and soldiers
B. Made little progress in their study of the Hanging Gardens
C. Included skilled engineers and scholars
D. Discovered evidence of the gardens' destruction by the Persians
E. Collaborated closely with local Babylonian authorities
9. The author's primary purpose in mentioning the arrest of the Templars by King Philip IV is to:
A. Provide evidence of the Templars' heretical practices
B. Illustrate the political tensions between the Templars and European monarchs
C. Suggest that the Templar Gardens played a role in the order's downfall
D. Emphasize the Templars' wealth and influence in medieval society
E. Argue that the destruction of the Templar Gardens was unjustified
10. The passage's concluding paragraph serves to:
A. Summarize the main points of the passage
B. Introduce new information about the Templars' legacy
C. Provide a cautionary tale about the dangers of pursuing forbidden knowledge
D. Reflect on the enduring fascination with ancient mysteries and the pursuit of knowledge
E. Criticize modern attempts to uncover the secrets of the Hanging Gardens
11. Answer: B. The passage primarily focuses on the Knights Templar's fascination with the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and their efforts to uncover the secrets they believed the gardens held.
12. Answer: B. The passage states that the Templars believed the Hanging Gardens contained esoteric wisdom that could elevate their status and influence.
13. Answer: B. The passage suggests that the Templar Gardens served as a secret location for the Templars to conduct clandestine activities, such as cultivating medicinal plants, conducting alchemical experiments, and holding secret meetings.
14. Answer: A. The financial records mentioned in the passage indicate that the Templars spent a significant portion (15%) of their annual budget on the construction and maintenance of the Templar Gardens.
15. Answer: D. The passage implies that the Templars' study of the Hanging Gardens was driven by a desire to uncover ancient knowledge and power that they believed the gardens held.
16. Answer: B. The passage states that King Philip IV ordered the arrest of the Templars in 1307 and that the Templar Gardens were subsequently destroyed, suggesting that their destruction was a result of the king's actions.
17. Answer: C. The author's attitude towards the Templars' pursuit of knowledge appears ambivalent, recognizing both its potential as a driving force for innovation and the peril it brought upon the order.
18. Answer: C. The passage mentions that the Templars sent a delegation of their most skilled engineers and scholars to study the remains of the Hanging Gardens in Babylon.
19. Answer: C. The author mentions the arrest of the Templars to suggest that the existence of the Templar Gardens was used as evidence against the order, contributing to their downfall.
20. Answer: D. The concluding paragraph reflects on the enduring fascination with ancient mysteries and the lengths people will go to uncover them, serving as
[/md]作者: Eunice88 时间: 2024-10-8 11:38
[md]1. **逻辑链是** familiar——> enjoy engaging with it. Assumption **问题有一个解法就是取非。选项**A**取非就是** familiar—most—>not enjoyment **直接相反结束。**
2. **逻辑链是** Open own stores**（**OOS**）**——> exceptionally skilled designers**（**ESD**）**. Top-tier —most-> **～**OOS, **也就是** Top-tier ——some-> OOS——> ESD**，也就是**Top-tier ——some——> ESD. Celebrities ——some——> OOS——> ESD**。那为什么**Top **更**impressive **呢？**排除法：A**说了**formal training**，无关；**B**比较对象是**OOS**的**Top **和**C **不是**Top OOS **和不**OOS**的对比，无关；**C marketing **无关；**D**好像有点关系，保留；**E**没谈论成功无关。再看回**D**，**D **说**Celebrities **有比较少的**ESD**，可以导致**less impressive.**
[/md]作者: Stella-Zhongli 时间: 2024-10-8 22:08
[md]C：highly familiar with math—> enjoy engaging with it
假设
A Familiarity always leads to enjoyment
不理解，math一定是Game吗？C选项不行吗？
C：the designs of celebrity-owned fashion brands are often not as impressive as those of top designers.
名人自有品牌的fashion brands不如top designers自有品牌的
D 唯一比较以上两者的选项：名人的设计师实力不如top designers
[/md]作者: Ciel.W 时间: 2024-10-13 02:05
[md]1. 对数学熟悉的人会喜欢它。问成立前提，找到与题干相契合的，不理解A，为啥game和math类比就合理？但是其他几个选项都弄反充分和必要的关系了。
2. 很多名人创立品牌，但顶级设计者很少创立，只有非常出色才能的设计者才创立。→名人品牌没有设计者品牌让人印象深刻。原因：找到两者差距的原因，D：两种品牌设计者之间的水平差异。
[/md]作者: Leviii 时间: 2024-10-20 16:59
[md]CR
1． 逻辑链：highly familiar with math---enjoy engaging math （正相关关系）
A 提到familiar导致enjoy,符合逻辑链，对
B math与fami无关，削弱，错
C enjoy的程度仅由fami的程度决定，是正相关还是负相关，没说，错
D 取非得到：enjoy的人一定fami，逻辑倒置，错
E fami是enjoy的必要不充分条件，错因同D
A 有没有接受过正规的设计训练与是否impressive有关题干没说，错
B 顶级的服装设计师和exceptional skill设计师是两个不同群体，无关，错
C 市场和原创和impressive是否有直接联系未知，错
D cele雇的设计师不是行业里最有才的人—对应excepetional skill的设计师自己开店，而cele没有雇这样的人，所以比不上他们impressive, 增强逻辑链，对（本质上是抓住题干提到的逻辑1有的东西而2不具备的东西，且top级别里只有拥有es的人才能开店，说明这些人就是最talented的）
E 受欢迎程度、质量和是否impressive 依然没关系
[/md]