A moving company noticed that many of its employees were suffering from back injuries due to lifting heavy objects. The company introduced a policy requiring all employees to wear back belts while working, believing it would provide extra support and reduce the strain on their backs. In the first two years following the implementation of this policy, the company observed a significant decrease in the number of back injuries reported. However, in recent years, the number of reported back injuries has increased again.
Which of the following, if true, would best explain the recent increase in reported back injuries?
(A) The company has experienced a significant increase in the volume of work, requiring employees to lift heavier objects more frequently.
(B) Many employees find the back belts uncomfortable and do not wear them consistently while working.
(C) Prolonged use of back belts has led to a weakening of the employees' back muscles, making them more susceptible to injury.
(D) The company has recently hired many new employees who have not received proper training in safe lifting techniques.
(E) The quality of the back belts provided by the company has deteriorated over time, offering less support than when they were first introduced.
CA
A recent study found that 28% of undergraduate students enrolled in American universities are over the age of 24. Among this group of older students, two-thirds have experienced an interruption in their education at some point.
Which of the following can be properly inferred from the information above?
(A) At least 18% of all undergraduate students in American universities have experienced an interruption in their education.
(B) The majority of students who experience an interruption in their education are over the age of 24 when they enroll in university.
(C) Students who enroll in university after the age of 24 are more likely to experience an interruption in their education than those who enroll at a younger age.
(D) Two-thirds of the 28% of undergraduate students over the age of 24 either enrolled in university after the age of 24 or have been studying for more than four years.
(E) More than 80% of undergraduate students in American universities enrolled before the age of 24 and have not experienced an interruption in their education.
CA
Nutritional biologists have long argued that sugar should be classified as a toxin. Indeed, excessive consumption of simple carbohydrates, especially fructose, has been definitively linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. However, to classify sugar as a “toxin” would be a misnomer. Almost any otherwise benign nutritional substance can be toxic if ingested in quantities sufficiently large to cause harm. Moreover, our obsession with sugar is itself harmful, as it detracts from focusing on an equally important part of any balanced diet: sodium.
Just like sugar, excessive consumption of sodium represents a significant health risk, especially for those suffering from hypertension. Everyone needs some sodium in his or her diet to replace routine losses. But while an adequate and safe intake of sodium for healthy adults is 1,100 to 3,300 milligrams a day, most processed foods exceed the upper limit of that range at least two-fold. It is likely that excessive sodium intake plays a role in the etiology of hypertension, additionally elevating the risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and renal disease. Furthermore, since the salt used in the preparation of processed foods is generally refined, its consumption fails to satisfy the organism’s need for other salts and minerals, which induces further craving. The excessive consumption of sodium can therefore enhance caloric overconsumption, and—just like dietary fructose—contribute to weight gain.
Unfortunately, by limiting the intake of sugar, many of today’s “fad diets” inadvertently increase the consumption of sodium. This is because diets low in sugar are often tasteless, and salt increases their palatability. Of course, substituting one harmful additive for an equally harmful one is nothing new: manufacturers were quick to promote “low-fat” foods in the 1980’s when fat was viewed as the enemy, but increased the sugar content to keep consumers happy. Good nutrition, just like good health, is best viewed holistically. A well-balanced diet does not focus on any single nutritional additive in isolation. Instead, it uses natural foods to satisfy the body’s need for macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fat) while also taking into account the role of vitamins, minerals and fiber.
1. The passage suggests that the overconsumption of sodium can lead to all of the following health issues EXCEPT:
(A) An increased risk of developing hypertension
(B) A higher likelihood of suffering from a stroke
(C) An elevated risk of coronary heart disease
(D) A greater chance of experiencing renal disease
(E) A reduced risk of caloric overconsumption and weight gain
2. The author's primary purpose in mentioning the promotion of "low-fat" foods by manufacturers in the 1980s is to:
(A) Illustrate the potential unintended consequences of focusing on a single nutritional additive in isolation
(B) Criticize the food industry for prioritizing consumer satisfaction over public health concerns
(C) Suggest that reducing fat intake is more important than limiting sugar consumption for maintaining good health
(D) Emphasize the need for government regulations to control the content of processed foods
(E) Highlight the importance of consumer awareness in making informed dietary choices
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the relationship between sugar and sodium in the context of "fad diets"?
(A) "Fad diets" that limit sugar intake often result in a simultaneous reduction in sodium consumption.
(B) The overconsumption of sodium in "fad diets" is a direct consequence of the emphasis placed on reducing sugar intake.
(C) "Fad diets" that restrict sugar consumption are more effective in promoting weight loss than those that limit sodium intake.
(D) The negative health effects of excessive sodium intake are more severe than those associated with overconsumption of sugar.
(E) "Fad diets" that focus on reducing both sugar and sodium intake are more likely to promote overall health than those that target only one of these additives.
4. The author's stance on the classification of sugar as a "toxin" can best be described as:
(A) Supportive, as the author believes that sugar meets the scientific criteria for being classified as a toxin
(B) Cautionary, as the author argues that classifying sugar as a toxin could lead to an overemphasis on its role in a balanced diet
(C) Neutral, as the author presents both sides of the argument without taking a clear position
(D) Dismissive, as the author suggests that the classification of sugar as a toxin is inaccurate and potentially misleading
(E) Ambivalent, as the author acknowledges the negative health effects of sugar but questions the appropriateness of labeling it a toxin
5. According to the passage, which of the following best represents the author's perspective on the role of natural foods in a well-balanced diet?
(A) Natural foods are the only reliable source of essential macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals.
(B) The consumption of natural foods should be minimized in favor of processed foods fortified with essential nutrients.
(C) Natural foods play a crucial role in satisfying the body's nutritional needs, but should be consumed in moderation.
(D) The importance of natural foods in a balanced diet is overstated, as processed foods can provide equivalent nutritional value.
(E) Natural foods should be used to satisfy the body's need for macronutrients, while processed foods can be relied upon for vitamins and minerals.
6. The passage implies that the craving for salt induced by the consumption of refined salt used in processed foods is primarily due to:
(A) The body's need to replace routine sodium losses
(B) The insufficient intake of other essential salts and minerals
(C) The excessive consumption of simple carbohydrates, particularly fructose
(D) The presence of additives in processed foods that enhance the palatability of salt
(E) The psychological association between salt and satisfying hunger cravings
7. Based on the information provided in the passage, which of the following statements about the relationship between sodium intake and hypertension is most accurate?
(A) Excessive sodium intake is the sole cause of hypertension in the majority of cases.
(B) Sodium intake has no bearing on the development or progression of hypertension.
(C) The role of excessive sodium intake in the etiology of hypertension is uncertain, but it may be a contributing factor.
(D) Reducing sodium intake is the most effective way to prevent and treat hypertension, regardless of other dietary factors.
(E) The relationship between sodium intake and hypertension is only significant for individuals with a family history of the condition.
8. The author's argument that "good nutrition, just like good health, is best viewed holistically" serves to:
(A) Emphasize the importance of considering the interplay between various nutritional components rather than focusing on individual additives in isolation
(B) Suggest that a reductionist approach to nutrition, which breaks down dietary components into their constituent parts, is the most effective way to promote health
(C) Imply that the psychological aspects of nutrition, such as the enjoyment of food and the social context of eating, are more important than the physiological effects of specific nutrients
(D) Advocate for a more lenient approach to nutrition that allows for the occasional consumption of harmful additives in the interest of overall well-being
(E) Propose that the key to good nutrition lies in achieving a perfect balance between the intake of sugar and sodium, rather than focusing on other dietary components
EABDEBCA
Bossa Nova, a musical genre that originated in Brazil during the late 1950s, has captivated audiences worldwide with its subtle rhythms, complex harmonies, and introspective lyrics. Born from the fusion of samba and jazz, Bossa Nova has become a symbol of Brazilian culture, influencing not only music but also fashion, visual art, and even architectural design. The genre's pioneering artists, such as João Gilberto, Antonio Carlos Jobim, and Vinicius de Moraes, have left an indelible mark on the global music landscape, inspiring countless musicians and defining the sound of an era.
Recent studies estimate that the Brazilian music industry generates annual revenues of approximately $1.8 billion, with Bossa Nova accounting for a significant portion of this figure. The genre's enduring popularity is reflected in the continued success of classic albums like Getz/Gilberto, which has sold over 2 million copies worldwide since its release in 1964. Contemporary Bossa Nova artists, such as Bebel Gilberto and Seu Jorge, have introduced the genre to new generations of listeners, experimenting with electronic elements and collaborating with musicians from diverse backgrounds.
The influence of Bossa Nova extends far beyond Brazil's borders, permeating various aspects of global culture. In the realm of fashion, the genre's laid-back, sophisticated aesthetic has inspired designers like Tom Ford and Michael Kors, who have incorporated Bossa Nova-inspired elements into their collections. Visual artists, such as Romero Britto and Beatriz Milhazes, have drawn on the genre's vibrant color palette and sinuous lines to create works that evoke the spirit of Bossa Nova. In the world of architecture, the curved, organic forms of Oscar Niemeyer's designs echo the fluid melodies of Bossa Nova, creating a visual language that is synonymous with Brazilian modernism.
Despite its global appeal, Bossa Nova has faced challenges in recent years, particularly in the context of Brazil's changing socio-political landscape. The country's economic instability and rising inequality have led some critics to question the relevance of a genre often associated with a romanticized vision of Brazil. Others argue that Bossa Nova's emphasis on tranquility and escapism provides a much-needed respite from the stresses of modern life. As the genre continues to evolve, incorporating elements of funk, hip-hop, and electronic music, its ability to adapt and remain relevant in a rapidly changing world is a testament to its enduring power.
The future of Bossa Nova looks bright, with a new generation of artists pushing the boundaries of the genre and exploring its potential for cross-cultural collaboration. International music festivals, such as the annual Brasil Summerfest in New York City, have provided a platform for Bossa Nova artists to showcase their talents and connect with audiences around the world. As streaming services like Spotify and Apple Music make it easier than ever for listeners to discover and enjoy Bossa Nova, the genre's global reach continues to expand. With its timeless appeal and ability to transcend language and cultural barriers, Bossa Nova is poised to remain a vital force in the world of music for generations to come.
Question 1: The passage suggests that Bossa Nova has influenced all of the following aspects of Brazilian culture EXCEPT:
(A) Fashion design
(B) Visual art
(C) Architecture
(D) Culinary traditions
(E) Literature
Question 2: According to the passage, which of the following albums has sold the most copies worldwide?
(A) João Gilberto's Chega de Saudade
(B) Antonio Carlos Jobim's Wave
(C) Vinicius de Moraes' Orfeu da Conceição
(D) Getz/Gilberto
(E) Bebel Gilberto's Tanto Tempo
Question 3: The author's stance on the future of Bossa Nova can best be described as:
(A) Pessimistic, due to Brazil's economic instability and rising inequality.
(B) Neutral, presenting both the challenges and opportunities facing the genre without taking a clear position.
(C) Cautiously optimistic, acknowledging the genre's ability to adapt and remain relevant while also recognizing the challenges it faces.
(D) Highly optimistic, emphasizing the genre's global appeal and potential for cross-cultural collaboration.
(E) Deeply concerned, suggesting that the genre's association with a romanticized vision of Brazil may limit its relevance in the future.
Question 4: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the relationship between Bossa Nova and Brazil's socio-political landscape?
(A) Bossa Nova has been largely unaffected by Brazil's changing socio-political landscape, maintaining its popularity despite economic instability and rising inequality.
(B) The genre's emphasis on tranquility and escapism is seen by some as a way to cope with the challenges faced by modern Brazilian society.
(C) Critics unanimously agree that Bossa Nova is no longer relevant in the context of Brazil's current socio-political climate.
(D) The passage suggests that there is a direct correlation between Brazil's economic growth and the popularity of Bossa Nova.
(E) The future of Bossa Nova is entirely dependent on the stability of Brazil's socio-political landscape.
Question 5: The author mentions the annual Brasil Summerfest in New York City as an example of:
(A) The declining popularity of Bossa Nova outside of Brazil.
(B) The genre's ability to adapt and incorporate elements of funk, hip-hop, and electronic music.
(C) The importance of international music festivals in providing a platform for Bossa Nova artists to showcase their talents and connect with global audiences.
(D) The role of streaming services in limiting the global reach of Bossa Nova.
(E) The challenges faced by Bossa Nova artists in the context of Brazil's changing socio-political landscape.
Day 211 RC
1.E，增加风险不是减少。
2.A，减少盐的摄入，同样会导致人们用糖改善味道。
3.B，Fad diets是减少糖，但是没有味道的话，就会增加盐的摄入。
4.D，B和D犹豫了一下，但是B的解释不明确。
5.❌C，正确E，最后一句。
6.B，
7.C，原文： that excessive sodium intake plays a role in the etiology of hypertension,
8.A，作者一直在强调的整体互相作用，而不是单一。