In a certain region, the people of Village V domesticate horses and consume horse meat. However, they also use horses for various purposes. On the other hand, the people of a different group, BC, have domesticated horses as well. Interestingly, horse milk has been discovered in the pottery of the BC people.
Which of the following can be most reasonably inferred from the information given in the passage?
(A) The people of Village V do not consume horse milk, as they primarily use horses for meat and other purposes.
(B) The BC people do not eat horse meat since they use the horses for obtaining milk.
(C) The domestication of horses by both Village V and the BC people suggests that horses were an integral part of their respective cultures.
(D) The presence of horse milk in BC pottery indicates that the BC people had a more advanced understanding of horse domestication compared to Village V.
(E) The consumption of horse meat by Village V people implies that they did not value horses as much as the BC people did.
A ship sank, and the captain reported some information via radio before the incident. However, post-incident analysis revealed that the information provided by the captain could not have been true. The analysis also found that there was water seepage in the ship's hull and bottom.
Which of the following, if true, would best explain why the captain reported information that was later found to be false?
(A) The captain was under immense pressure and was not thinking clearly during the crisis.
(B) The water seepage in the hull and bottom of the ship was not severe enough to cause the ship to sink immediately.
(C) The cargo on the ship made the water seepage less noticeable until the weight of the water-laden cargo caused the ship to sink.
(D) The ship's communication system was malfunctioning, leading to the transmission of inaccurate information.
(E) The captain deliberately provided false information to protect the reputation of the shipping company.
答案：
CC
Latino literature is generally regarded as a twentieth-century phenomenon; beginning in the 1960s, Chicano and Puerto Rican authors, then Cuban Americans and more recent Latino arrivals, have produced a substantial and impressive body of writing. While writers in Latin America were establishing what has been called the “boom” of Latin American narrative, their U.S. counterparts were forging a distinct tradition in poetry, drama, and friction in their own voices. What this anthology hopes to demonstrate, however, is that the spectacular flowering of U.S. Latino letters from the 1960s onward grew from seeds carefully and painstakingly sown by earlier writers. Their lonely efforts often went unrecognized by mainstream critics as well as by younger Latino authors, who were frequently unaware of their existence.
A case in point is the novel The Rebelby Leonor Villegas de Magnón. The work is based on the author’s fascinating experience as the founder of a nursing corps that attended to the revolutionary forces in the Texas/Mexico border region during the Mexican Revolution. Frustrated in her attempts to have the novel published in Spanish in the 1920s, Villegas de Magnón later wrote a version in English in the 1940s, but it met a similar fate. Thanks to the efforts of contemporary scholars and the foresight of editors dedicated to promoting Latino literature, the novel was finally published in 1994. It stands as another challenge to the stereotypical misconceptions regarding Mexican Americans, particularly women, of that era. Similarly, for decades the poet William Carlos Williams was not included in the sphere of U.S. Latino culture due to the lack of appreciation of his profound Puerto Rican and Spanish-American roots. Recent scholarly research, however, has demonstrated that this important precursor of modern American poetry is truly worthy of the distinction; his poetic sensibilities have been shown to reflect a more hemispheric/New World application of the term “American.”
What was not explored in any depth until Julio Marzán’s ground-breaking study The Spanish American Roots of William Carlos Williams (1994) is the profoundly Latin American origin of Williams’s poetry, which was influenced in great measure by his parents, particularly his mother. His American vision cannot be totally appreciated without an understanding of the wide variety of cultural sources that informed his work. His upbringing as a bilingual, bicultural child and his lifelong ambivalence toward his cultural origins reflect the feelings of many children of immigrants in the United States. Commenting on Williams’s need to “possess” America due to his “mixed ancestry,” Marzán observes the following: “Here Williams was discussing In the American Grain and, as in that book, the ‘America” in question is not narrowly the United States, but the hemispheric America that Columbus stumbled onto. Elena’s being from Puerto Rica, one of the sites where Columbus is believed to have actually set foot, and from a Spanish-speaking line that mingled its blood with the continent, made that ‘America’ Williams’ legacy. He was an American and a ‘pure product of America’ because of his mother was Puerto Rican.”
1. According to the passage, the "boom" of Latin American narrative occurred:
(A) Prior to the emergence of U.S. Latino literature in the 1960s
(B) Simultaneously with the development of U.S. Latino literature
(C) As a result of the influence of U.S. Latino authors
(D) Decades after the establishment of U.S. Latino literature
(E) Without any connection to the U.S. Latino literary tradition
2. The passage suggests that William Carlos Williams was not initially included in the sphere of U.S. Latino culture because:
(A) His poetry did not reflect his Puerto Rican and Spanish-American roots
(B) He was not recognized as a precursor of modern American poetry
(C) His cultural origins were not fully appreciated
(D) He primarily wrote in Spanish rather than English
(E) His work was overshadowed by Latin American poets
3. The author of the passage mentions Leonor Villegas de Magnón's novel The Rebel as an example of:
(A) A work that was immediately recognized by mainstream critics
(B) A novel that was easily published in both Spanish and English
(C) A book that reinforces stereotypical misconceptions about Mexican Americans
(D) A work that challenges stereotypes and was published after a long delay
(E) A novel that was widely read by younger Latino authors
4. The passage indicates that the development of U.S. Latino literature in the 1960s:
(A) Marked the beginning of Latino literature as a whole
(B) Was largely uninfluenced by earlier Latino writers
(C) Grew from the efforts of earlier, often unrecognized Latino authors
(D) Was primarily a result of the influence of Latin American literature
(E) Focused exclusively on poetry and drama, neglecting fiction
5. According to Julio Marzán's study, William Carlos Williams's American vision:
(A) Is limited to his experiences in the United States
(B) Reflects a narrow understanding of his cultural origins
(C) Encompasses a hemispheric view of America, influenced by his Puerto Rican heritage
(D) Is primarily shaped by his father's cultural background
(E) Cannot be fully appreciated due to his ambivalence toward his cultural origins
6. The passage suggests that the experiences of William Carlos Williams as a bilingual, bicultural child:
(A) Were unique among U.S. Latino authors
(B) Had little impact on his literary works
(C) Reflect the feelings of many children of immigrants in the United States
(D) Were a hindrance to his development as a poet
(E) Were primarily influenced by his father's cultural background
7. The author's attitude toward the recognition of early U.S. Latino writers can best be described as:
(A) Indifferent
(B) Critical
(C) Ambivalent
(D) Appreciative
(E) Neutral
The main idea of the passage is that:
(A) U.S. Latino literature began in the 1960s with the works of Chicano and Puerto Rican authors
(B) The development of U.S. Latino literature was entirely separate from Latin American literature
(C) The contributions of early U.S. Latino writers laid the foundation for the later flourishing of the genre
(D) William Carlos Williams was the most influential U.S. Latino writer of the 20th century
(E) The publishing industry has consistently supported the works of U.S. Latino authors
BCDCCCDC
3.DI
At the dawn of the 19th century, Europe found itself in the midst of a transformative era, shaped by the meteoric rise and eventual fall of one of history's most enigmatic figures: Napoleon Bonaparte. Born on the island of Corsica in 1769, Napoleon's journey from a relatively obscure military officer to the Emperor of France and master of much of Europe is a testament to his unparalleled military acumen, political shrewdness, and sheer force of will.
Napoleon's ascent to power was forged in the crucible of the French Revolution, a period of unprecedented social and political upheaval that had torn asunder the very fabric of French society. The revolution had not only overthrown the centuries-old monarchy but had also unleashed a maelstrom of competing ideologies and factions, each vying for control of the nation's destiny. It was in this tumultuous milieu that Napoleon, then a young artillery officer, first distinguished himself through his tactical brilliance and unwavering resolve.
Napoleon's early military successes, particularly his audacious campaigns in Italy and Egypt, soon earned him a reputation as a military genius and catapulted him to the forefront of French politics. His Italian campaign, fought against the formidable Austrian Empire, showcased his innovative strategies and ability to inspire his troops to achieve seemingly impossible victories. His Egyptian expedition, while ultimately unsuccessful, demonstrated his strategic vision and his understanding of the importance of controlling trade routes.
However, it was Napoleon's coup d'état of 1799, known as the 18 Brumaire, that truly marked the beginning of his ascent to supreme power. Seizing control of the French government, Napoleon established the French Consulate and declared himself First Consul, effectively becoming the dictator of France. As First Consul, Napoleon embarked on a series of sweeping reforms aimed at stabilizing and modernizing French society. He centralized the government, reformed the legal system through the creation of the Napoleonic Code, and sought to reconcile with the Catholic Church through the signing of the Concordat.
Yet, despite these domestic achievements, it was in the realm of military conquest that Napoleon truly left his indelible mark on history. In a series of brilliantly executed campaigns, Napoleon's Grande Armée swept across Europe, defeating the armies of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and numerous other powers. At its zenith, the French Empire under Napoleon encompassed an area of 860,000 square kilometers, stretching from the Iberian Peninsula to the borders of Russia, and boasted a population of over 44 million subjects.
However, even as Napoleon stood at the pinnacle of his power, the seeds of his downfall were already being sown. His insatiable ambition and his belief in his own invincibility led him to embark on increasingly reckless and overreaching military adventures. The most disastrous of these was undoubtedly his invasion of Russia in 1812, a campaign that began with an army of almost 700,000 men but ended in a catastrophic retreat that decimated his forces and shattered his aura of invincibility.
The Russian debacle, combined with the indomitable spirit of resistance that Napoleon's conquests had awakened across Europe, set the stage for his ultimate defeat. Beset by a resurgent coalition of European powers, including his arch-nemesis Britain, Napoleon was eventually forced to abdicate the throne in 1814. After a brief exile on the island of Elba, Napoleon staged a dramatic return to power in 1815, an event known as the Hundred Days. However, his final bid for glory was decisively crushed at the Battle of Waterloo, where he was defeated by the combined forces of Britain and Prussia.
In the aftermath of Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled to the remote South Atlantic island of Saint Helena, where he would spend the remaining six years of his life in virtual captivity, haunted by the memories of his triumphs and the specter of his failures. He died on May 5, 1821, at the age of 51, leaving behind a legacy that would forever reshape the course of European history.
Indeed, the impact of Napoleon's rise and fall on Europe cannot be overstated. His conquests, while ultimately ephemeral, had shattered the old order and paved the way for the emergence of modern nation-states. The ideals of the French Revolution, which Napoleon had alternately championed and subverted, had been disseminated across the continent, sowing the seeds of political and social change that would continue to germinate long after his demise.
Moreover, Napoleon's legal reforms, particularly the Napoleonic Code, had a profound and enduring impact on the legal systems of numerous European countries. The Code, which emphasized equality before the law, individual rights, and the separation of church and state, served as a model for civil law systems across the world and continues to influence legal thought to this day.
However, the Napoleonic era also left a more troubling legacy, one marked by the horrors of war and the dangers of unchecked ambition. The Napoleonic Wars, which raged from 1803 to 1815, were among the deadliest conflicts in European history up to that point, resulting in the deaths of millions of soldiers and civilians. The scale and intensity of these wars foreshadowed the even more destructive conflicts that would engulf Europe in the 20th century.
Furthermore, Napoleon's rise to power demonstrated the potential for individuals to exploit the chaos and instability of revolutionary periods for their own gain. While Napoleon initially portrayed himself as a champion of the French Revolution's ideals, his increasing authoritarianism and his eventual coronation as Emperor revealed a man more interested in personal power than in the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
In the end, Napoleon's legacy is one of contrasts and contradictions. He was a visionary military strategist and a brilliant administrator, but also a ruthless conqueror and a would-be tyrant. He played a pivotal role in modernizing Europe and spreading the ideals of the Enlightenment, but also plunged the continent into years of devastating warfare and political upheaval.
Perhaps most importantly, the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte serves as a cautionary tale about the perils of unbridled ambition and the importance of checks and balances in any political system. As the French poet and politician Alphonse de Lamartine famously observed, "History teaches everything, including the future." The lessons of the Napoleonic era, both its triumphs and its tragedies, continue to resonate in our own time, reminding us of the enduring impact that one individual can have on the course of history, for better or for worse.
As we reflect on the life and legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte, we are reminded of the complex and often contradictory nature of human history. The story of his rise and fall is one that continues to captivate and inspire, even as it serves as a warning about the dangers of unchecked power and the importance of learning from the mistakes of the past. In the end, the true significance of Napoleon's legacy may lie not in his conquests or his reforms, but in the enduring lessons that his life and times continue to teach us about the nature of leadership, the pursuit of power, and the eternal human struggle for freedom and justice.
Questions:
1. What was the primary factor that contributed to Napoleon's early military successes?
A. His innovative strategies and ability to inspire his troops
B. His alliance with the Catholic Church
C. The support of the French monarchy
D. The weakness of his European adversaries
2. What event marked the beginning of Napoleon's ascent to supreme power in France?
A. The French Revolution
B. The Italian campaign
C. The Egyptian expedition
D. The coup d'état of 1799 (18 Brumaire)
3. At its peak, what was the approximate population of the French Empire under Napoleon?
A. 20 million
B. 30 million
C. 44 million
D. 60 million
4. Which of the following was NOT a reform implemented by Napoleon as First Consul?
A. Centralizing the government
B. Creating the Napoleonic Code
C. Signing the Concordat with the Catholic Church
D. Abolishing the French aristocracy
5. What was the approximate size of Napoleon's army at the beginning of his invasion of Russia in 1812?
A. 300,000
B. 500,000
C. 700,000
D. 900,000
6. Which European power was Napoleon's primary adversary throughout his reign?
A. Austria
B. Prussia
C. Russia
D. Britain
7. What was the duration of Napoleon's brief return to power in 1815, known as the Hundred Days?
A. 50 days
B. 100 days
C. 150 days
D. 200 days
8. Where was Napoleon exiled after his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo?
A. Elba
B. Saint Helena
C. Malta
D. Corsica
9. Which of the following was a lasting impact of Napoleon's legal reforms, particularly the Napoleonic Code?
A. The emphasis on equality before the law and individual rights
B. The strengthening of the French monarchy
C. The establishment of a theocratic legal system
D. The abolition of civil law in favor of common law
10. According to the passage, what is the most important lesson to be learned from the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte?
A. The importance of military conquest in achieving political power
B. The necessity of forming alliances with religious institutions
C. The benefits of centralized government control
D. The dangers of unchecked ambition and the importance of checks and balances in political systems
CR2
船沉，船长当时report了一些radio信息。但可能录的信息not true+有水渗透进船体和船底。解释为什么not true
我的答案：E
官方答案：C
（估计错因：C说明船长可能是因为实际情况被货物掩盖而无意中报告了错误的信息？E则直接假设了船长是骗子，不知道是不是太过了） 作者: dyiyi2023 时间: 2024-8-27 07:08
RC：
拉美文学被认为是（20世纪）产物。1960年，C+PR的作家etc，创造出新writing形式。当拉美作家建立了narrative的boom，美国那边创立了截然不同写作方式。Anthology显示，us Latino letters是由早期作家艰辛培育的，他们的付出甚至没得到年轻latino作家/主流评论家的认可，这些人甚至不知道他们的存在。
小说“Rebelby”就是基于作者作为nursing corps的founder，参加revolutionary forces 在T/M边境，“Mexican revolution”期间。V在1920s很难用Spanish发表，于是1940s用英文发表，但处境差不多。多亏 contemporary scholars and the foresight of editors 想宣传拉美文化，这部小说最终在1994年发表。这也challenge了一些stereotypical misconceptions，对于当时Mexican American，尤其是women。W当时也没被算进 U.S. Latino culture，因为 lack of appreciation of his profound Puerto Rican and Spanish-American roots。如今他也被表扬，认为他的poetic sensibilities 反映了 a more hemispheric/New World application of the term “American.”
JM study（1994）：W，关于Latin American origin of W’s poetry，被他父母影响，尤其是母亲。要用wide variety of cultural sources 来看他的American vision。他是 bilingual, bicultural child。JM发现：W讨论的是hemispheric America 。W是美国人/美国产物，因为妈妈是波多黎各人。
Q1: B（定位：beginning in the 1960s, Chicano and Puerto Rican authors, then Cuban Americans and more recent Latino arrivals, have produced a substantial and impressive body of writing. While writers in Latin America were establishing what has been called the “boom” of Latin American narrative）
Q2: C（定位：Carlos Williams was not included in the sphere of U.S. Latino culture due to the lack of appreciation of his profound Puerto Rican and Spanish-American roots. ）
Q3：D（定位：Frustrated in her attempts to have the novel published in Spanish in the 1920s, Villegas de Magnón later wrote a version in English in the 1940s, but it met a similar fate. Thanks to the efforts of contemporary scholars and the foresight of editors dedicated to promoting Latino literature, the novel was finally published in 1994. It stands as another challenge to the stereotypical misconceptions regarding Mexican Americans, particularly women, of that era. ）
Q4: C （定位：Their lonely efforts often went unrecognized by mainstream critics as well as by younger Latino authors, who were frequently unaware of their existence.）
Q5：C （定位：Commenting on Williams’s need to 'possess' America due to his 'mixed ancestry,' Marzán observes the following: 'Here Williams was discussing In the American Grain and, as in that book, the ‘America’ in question is not narrowly the United States, but the hemispheric America that Columbus stumbled onto.）
Q6: C（定位：His upbringing as a bilingual, bicultural child and his lifelong ambivalence toward his cultural origins reflect the feelings of many children of immigrants in the United States.）
Q7: D
Q8:C 作者: 杨翠花 时间: 2024-9-1 23:06
RC，我的选项：BCDCCCDC，答案：BCDCCCDC
1. 定位句：beginning in the 1960s, Chicano and Puerto Rican authors, then Cuban Americans and more recent Latino arrivals, have produced a substantial and impressive body of writing. While writers in Latin America were establishing what has been called the “boom” of Latin American narrative, their U.S. counterparts were forging a distinct tradition in poetry, drama, and friction in their own voices. 并且通过排除法
2. 定位句，第二段：Similarly, for decades the poet William Carlos Williams was not included in the sphere of U.S. Latino culture due to the lack of appreciation of his profound Puerto Rican and Spanish-American roots. 说是因为缺乏对他们的寻根的理解，所以对应选项C。
3. 定位第二段前半部分，特别是定位句：It stands as another challenge to the stereotypical misconceptions regarding Mexican Americans, particularly women, of that era.
4. 定位第一段最后一句：Their lonely efforts often went unrecognized by mainstream critics as well as by younger Latino authors, who were frequently unaware of their existence.
5. 定位最后一段，His American vision cannot be totally appreciated without an understanding of the wide variety of cultural sources that informed his work和Marzán observes the following: “Here Williams was discussing In the American Grain and, as in that book, the ‘America” in question is not narrowly the United States, but the hemispheric America that Columbus stumbled onto.
6. 定位最后一段：His upbringing as a bilingual, bicultural child and his lifelong ambivalence toward his cultural origins reflect the feelings of many children of immigrants in the United States.
7. 作者的态度是appreciative的，结合文章第一段：What this anthology hopes to demonstrate, however, is that the spectacular flowering of U.S. Latino letters from the 1960s onward grew from seeds carefully and painstakingly sown by earlier writers. 转发表达出作者的写作目的和立场。