Fishermen in a certain region have a practice of catching fish and then releasing them back into the river. As a result, the fish in the river where these anglers reside have become increasingly difficult to catch. It is hypothesized that the fish have gradually learned to evade the anglers' fishing techniques. To test this hypothesis, scientists plan to conduct an experiment with two groups of anglers: one group will fish in the river where they reside, while the other group will fish in a remote river. The results show that the group fishing in the remote river caught three times as many fish as the other group.
Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the validity of the scientists' conclusion?
(A) The anglers fishing in the remote river used more advanced fishing equipment than those fishing in the river where they reside.
(B) The fish population density in the remote river is significantly higher than in the river where the anglers reside.
(C) The anglers fishing in the river where they reside have developed more efficient techniques for releasing the fish unharmed.
(D) The remote river has a higher proportion of younger, less experienced fish compared to the river where the anglers reside.
(E) The water temperature and clarity were similar in both rivers during the experiment.
Two species of snails exist in a certain region: left-handed snails and right-handed snails, distinguished by the direction of their shell spirals. A species of snake, due to the structure of its jawbone, finds it easier to catch and eat the right-handed snails. Consequently, the population of left-handed snails has increased significantly. The author argues that this snake species has played a major role in the evolution of left-handedness in these snails.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author's argument?
(A) The snake species has a higher failure rate when attempting to eat left-handed snails compared to right-handed snails.
(B) The jawbone structure of the snake species has evolved to better capture right-handed snails over time.
(C) Left-handed snails and right-handed snails rarely mate with each other, resulting in limited gene flow between the two groups.
(D) The region is home to several other species of snakes that prey on both left-handed and right-handed snails equally.
(E) The left-handed snails have developed additional defense mechanisms, such as thicker shells, to protect themselves from snake predation.
答案：
BA
2.RC
The Mission Inn in Riverside, California, is a luxury hotel constructed in 1902 to evoke "the Old California of missions and ranchos," according to its promotional pamphlet. Consistent with this image, the builders filled an entire city block with arches, bell towers, flying buttresses, domes, fountains, wrought-iron balconies, and Tiffany stained-glass windows. An ornate, turn-of-the-century fantasy of Hispanic architecture, the Inn is completely unlike the unornamented adobe structures that existed in the Southwest before the Americans came.
Similarly, late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century state courts developed elaborate theories of water rights ostensibly based on Hispanic law, but which bore no resemblance to actual Spanish and Mexican legal traditions. Despite their awareness of the historical reality of communal water-sharing practices, American judges asserted that municipal and riparian water rights originating in the Hispanic period were absolute and exclusive.' These doctrines of absolute water rights, legitimated water monopoly and accumulation in the hands of a few cities and landowners. In some states, this version of Hispanic law persists: in 1975, the California Supreme Court reaffirmed Los Angeles's paramount "pueblo water right" to its local watershed on the basis of stare decisis, despite extensive trial court findings that the right had no historical basis.'
In contrast to the common law water regime of riparian and prior appropriation rights emphasizing individual property interests, a communal water system prevailed in the Hispanic Southwest. Legal historians of the Spanish and Mexican periods have shown that far from being absolute and exclusive, water rights were shared between municipalities and other users, especially in times of shortage. This communal water system also restricted the private sector, for riparian owners did not automatically have the right to irrigate their own property, but needed an express or implied grant of water in addition to land. These communal water use patterns can be traced back to regional sharing arrangements in medieval Spain and are still practiced in parts of the contemporary Southwest. Based on this historical evidence, many scholars of western water law in the American period have criticized nineteenth- and twentieth-century state courts for distorting Hispanic traditions. However, the legal historians who have attempted to explain this distortion have attributed it to a judicial "loss of Hispanic learning" or to parties failing to present documents on Spanish and Mexican water law to the courts. None of these scholars has examined the contemporary background of the key nineteenth- and early twentieth century cases to evaluate the context of these decisions, and none has researched court files to determine the extent to which judges knowingly misused Hispanic law.
1. The passage suggests that the Mission Inn in Riverside, California, is:
(A) an accurate representation of the unadorned adobe structures prevalent in the pre-American Southwest
(B) a modern hotel incorporating elements of Spanish and Mexican water rights legal traditions
(C) a nineteenth-century courthouse instrumental in distorting Hispanic water law traditions
(D) an ornate, turn-of-the-century architectural fantasy evoking an elaborate vision of Hispanic heritage
(E) a historical building faithfully embodying the communal water-sharing practices of the Hispanic Southwest
2. According to the passage, late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century state courts developed water rights theories that:
(A) accurately reflected the communal water-sharing practices of the Hispanic Southwest
(B) were predicated on extensive trial court findings concerning the historical basis of water rights
(C) accentuated individual property interests, facilitating water monopoly and accumulation
(D) aligned with the legal traditions of medieval Spain and the contemporary Southwest
(E) emerged in response to legal historians' "loss of Hispanic learning"
3. The passage indicates that the communal water system prevalent in the Hispanic Southwest:
(A) granted water rights that were absolute, exclusive, and automatically extended to riparian owners for irrigating their property
(B) entailed water rights being shared among municipalities and other users, particularly during shortages, with riparian owners requiring explicit or implicit water grants in addition to land
(C) relied on the prior appropriation doctrine, prioritizing individual property interests
(D) was determined by state courts based on extensive trial court findings regarding water rights' historical basis
(E) automatically bestowed water rights upon cities and landowners, resulting in water monopoly and accumulation among a select few
4. The passage suggests that legal historians attempting to explain the distortion of Hispanic water law traditions by nineteenth- and twentieth-century state courts have attributed it to all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) a judicial "loss of Hispanic learning"
(B) parties neglecting to present courts with documents on Spanish and Mexican water law
(C) judges deliberately misappropriating Hispanic law
(D) insufficient examination of the contemporary context surrounding key cases
(E) inadequate investigation of court files to ascertain the extent of judges' conscious misuse of Hispanic law
5. The passage implies that the California Supreme Court's 1975 decision concerning Los Angeles's "pueblo water right" relied on:
(A) extensive trial court findings substantiating the right's historical basis
(B) the principle of stare decisis, notwithstanding evidence contradicting the right's historical basis
(C) a comprehensive examination of the contemporary background of pivotal nineteenth- and early twentieth-century cases
(D) an exhaustive review of court files to determine the extent of judges' deliberate misuse of Hispanic law
(E) an acknowledgment of the communal water-sharing practices that prevailed in the Hispanic Southwest
6. The author's primary purpose in mentioning the Mission Inn in Riverside, California, is to:
(A) exemplify the unadorned adobe structures typical of the pre-American Southwest
(B) demonstrate how a fantastical portrayal of Hispanic architecture can diverge from historical reality
(C) advocate for the preservation of historical buildings that accurately represent Hispanic legal traditions
(D) criticize the distortion of Hispanic water law traditions by nineteenth- and twentieth-century state courts
(E) underscore the necessity for additional research into the historical foundation of water rights in the American Southwest
7. The passage indicates that legal historians endeavoring to explain the distortion of Hispanic water law traditions by nineteenth- and twentieth-century state courts have:
(A) ascribed it to various factors, including insufficient examination of key cases' contemporary context and inadequate investigation of court files
(B) primarily attributed it to parties' failure to present courts with documents on Spanish and Mexican water law
(C) concluded that it stemmed from judges' deliberate misuse of Hispanic law
(D) concentrated on the role of the California Supreme Court's 1975 decision regarding Los Angeles's "pueblo water right"
(E) emphasized the significance of the communal water-sharing practices prevalent in the Hispanic Southwest
DCBEBBA
3.DI
Milan, the fashion capital of Italy, has long been renowned for its sartorial prowess and trendsetting designs. The city's biannual fashion week, a cornerstone of the global fashion calendar, attracts industry luminaries, celebrities, and fashion enthusiasts from around the world. Recent years have seen a resurgence in the prominence and influence of Milan Fashion Week, as Italian designers and brands have reasserted their position at the forefront of the fashion industry.
The success of Milan Fashion Week can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the enduring legacy of Italian craftsmanship, the emergence of new talent, and the innovative spirit that permeates the Italian fashion scene. Italian designers have long been celebrated for their meticulous attention to detail, exquisite tailoring, and use of luxurious materials. This commitment to quality and artisanship has helped to maintain Italy's reputation as a leader in high-end fashion.
In recent years, Milan Fashion Week has also become a platform for emerging designers to showcase their collections alongside established brands. The Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana, the governing body of Italian fashion, has actively sought to promote and support young talent through initiatives such as the Fashion Hub Market and the CNMI Fashion Trust. These programs provide emerging designers with the resources, mentorship, and exposure necessary to succeed in the competitive world of fashion.
Innovation has also played a crucial role in the resurgence of Milan Fashion Week. Italian designers have been at the forefront of incorporating cutting-edge technology and sustainable practices into their collections. From the use of 3D printing and digital fabrication to the development of eco-friendly materials and production methods, Italian brands are embracing innovation as a means of staying relevant and competitive in an ever-evolving industry.
The impact of Milan Fashion Week extends far beyond the runways. The event generates significant economic benefits for the city of Milan and the Italian fashion industry as a whole. According to recent estimates, Milan Fashion Week contributes approximately €400 million to the local economy each season, with the fashion industry accounting for nearly 10% of Italy's GDP. The event also attracts a significant number of international visitors, with an estimated 30,000 buyers, journalists, and industry professionals attending each season.
Despite its success, Milan Fashion Week faces challenges in an increasingly globalized and competitive fashion landscape. The rise of digital media and e-commerce has disrupted traditional business models, forcing Italian brands to adapt and innovate. Additionally, the increasing focus on sustainability and ethical production practices has put pressure on designers to reevaluate their supply chains and manufacturing processes.
As Milan Fashion Week continues to evolve and adapt to these challenges, it remains a vital platform for Italian fashion and a testament to the enduring legacy of Italian craftsmanship and innovation. With a commitment to quality, creativity, and sustainability, Italian designers and brands are well-positioned to maintain their influence and relevance in the global fashion industry for years to come.
1. According to the passage, which of the following factors has contributed to the resurgence of Milan Fashion Week?
A. The increasing focus on sustainability and ethical production practices
B. The rise of digital media and e-commerce
C. The enduring legacy of Italian craftsmanship
D. The increasing globalization of the fashion industry
E. The decline of other major fashion weeks, such as Paris and New York
2. The passage suggests that the Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana has sought to promote emerging designers through all of the following initiatives EXCEPT:
A. The Fashion Hub Market
B. The CNMI Fashion Trust
C. Providing resources and mentorship to young talent
D. Showcasing emerging designers' collections alongside established brands
E. Offering financial incentives to established brands to collaborate with emerging designers
3. According to the passage, approximately what percentage of Italy's GDP is accounted for by the fashion industry?
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 15%
D. 20%
E. 25%
4. The author mentions the use of 3D printing and digital fabrication in Italian fashion design as an example of:
A. The challenges faced by Italian designers in a globalized industry
B. The incorporation of cutting-edge technology and innovation
C. The increasing focus on sustainability and eco-friendly production methods
D. The importance of traditional Italian craftsmanship
E. The role of emerging designers in driving technological advancements
5. The passage suggests that Milan Fashion Week generates significant economic benefits for the city of Milan, with an estimated:
A. €100 million contributed to the local economy each season
B. €200 million contributed to the local economy each season
C. €300 million contributed to the local economy each season
D. €400 million contributed to the local economy each season
E. €500 million contributed to the local economy each season
6. According to the passage, which of the following has been a challenge faced by Milan Fashion Week in recent years?
A. The decline of traditional Italian craftsmanship
B. The lack of support for emerging designers
C. The decreasing influence of Italian fashion on a global scale
D. The disruption caused by digital media and e-commerce
E. The reluctance of Italian designers to embrace sustainable production practices
7. The author's tone throughout the passage can best be described as:
A. Critical of the Italian fashion industry's resistance to change
B. Optimistic about the future of Milan Fashion Week and Italian fashion
C. Neutral and unbiased in presenting the facts about Milan Fashion Week
D. Pessimistic about the ability of Italian fashion to adapt to global challenges
E. Nostalgic for the golden age of Italian fashion in the past
8. The passage mentions all of the following as characteristics of Italian fashion EXCEPT:
A. Meticulous attention to detail
B. Exquisite tailoring
C. Use of luxurious materials
D. Emphasis on fast fashion and mass production
E. Incorporation of cutting-edge technology
9. Based on the information provided in the passage, it can be inferred that:
A. Milan Fashion Week is the most important event in the global fashion calendar
B. Italian fashion brands have been slow to adapt to the challenges posed by globalization
C. The success of Milan Fashion Week is primarily due to the efforts of established designers
D. The Italian fashion industry is well-positioned to maintain its influence in the global fashion landscape
E. The focus on sustainability is a passing trend in Italian fashion
10. C
11. E
12. B
13. B
14. D
15. D
16. B
17. D
18. D
[/md]作者: swedishchi 时间: 2024-8-23 14:54
[md]前提：
我的答案是A：这个选项最有效地强化了作者的论点，因为它表明蛇无法轻易捕捉左手蜗牛可能会导致左手蜗牛更高的存活率，从而推动它们的进化增加。
[/md]作者: dyiyi2023 时间: 2024-8-23 23:46
CR1:
逻辑链：为测试whether fish have learned to evade the anglers' fishing techniques, 科学家设计对照实验，结果remote river确实更容易掉到鱼。问削弱。
答案：B。两边鱼群密度不同，所以并不是fish have learned to evade the anglers' fishing techniques，有其他因素在影响。
CR2：
逻辑链：有left和right两种蜗牛。蛇更容易吃right蜗牛，所以left蜗牛数量更多。作者认为这是蛇的功劳。问加强。
答案：A。直接支持了结论，其他选项没有影响how the snake’s feeding behavior influences the evolution of left-handed snails. 作者: dyiyi2023 时间: 2024-8-23 23:48
RC：
段落大意：
1. 1902年CA新开了家酒店，非常fancy，和以前在southwest的酒店截然不同
2. 19世纪末20世纪初，法院发布water rights条案基于西班牙法（尽管不像），强调西班牙时期的绝对权利，促进了一些monopoly。
3. Hispanic Southwest提倡communal water system，但私人不可未经许可浇灌自己土地。communal water system可以再往前追溯。所以美国学者批评州法院distort Hispanic tradition，但解释为"loss of Hispanic learning"以及没用好Spanish and Mexican water law。
选项分析：
1. D。第一段还没提water rights
2. C。定位到 “American judges asserted that municipal and riparian water rights originating in the Hispanic period were absolute and exclusive.”
3. B。定位到 “This communal water system also restricted the private sector, for riparian owners did not automatically have the right to irrigate their own property, but needed an express or implied grant of water in addition to land. “
4. E。 定位到“ None of these scholars has examined the contemporary background of the key nineteenth- and early twentieth century cases to evaluate the context of these decisions, and none has researched court files to determine the extent to which judges knowingly misused Hispanic law.”
5. B。定位到 “ In some states, this version of Hispanic law persists: in 1975, the California Supreme Court reaffirmed Los Angeles's paramount "pueblo water right" to its local watershed on the basis of stare decisis, despite extensive trial court findings that the right had no historical basis.'”
6. B。定位到“An ornate, turn-of-the-century fantasy of Hispanic architecture, the Inn is completely unlike the unornamented adobe structures that existed in the Southwest before the Americans came.”
7. A。定位到“the legal historians who have attempted to explain this distortion have attributed it to a judicial "loss of Hispanic learning" or to parties failing to present documents on Spanish and Mexican water law to the courts. ” 作者: 杨翠花 时间: 2024-8-26 21:58
CR，我的选项：BA，答案：BA
1. P：渔夫在某块区域会把捕到的鱼放回河里，结果发现河里的鱼很难捕捞。做了个对照实验，一组在这个区域捕鱼，另一组在更远的区域捕鱼，结果发现更远的区域捕捉的鱼更多
C：这个区域的鱼逐渐学会了躲避鱼钩的技术。
削弱，立场：并不能表明是这个区域的鱼学会了躲避鱼钩
逻辑链条：有别的原因（它因）使得这个区域捕鱼数量比另一组少
我选B：较远的区域的鱼密度显著更大【直接说明它因】