Archaeologists recently discovered that a red mineral, previously used only as a dye, could be combined with resin and another substance to create a powerful adhesive. The mineral was found on the tips of ancient tools, and experiments showed that powder from the mineral could be mixed with resin and the other substance, allowing them to fuse together to form a strong glue.
To best evaluate the archaeologists' claims, which of the following would be most important to determine?
(A) Whether the red mineral can be used to create dyes of other colors.
(B) The specific proportions of the red mineral, resin, and the other substance needed to create the strongest adhesive.
(C) Whether the ancient tools were used for hunting or crafting purposes.
(D) If the resin and the other substance can be combined with materials other than the red mineral to create effective adhesives.
(E) The precise location where the ancient tools with the red mineral were discovered.
Space tourism has been touted as a promising avenue for funding space research. While the public would be more receptive to space research if it provided more tangible benefits, this has rarely been the case. However, several wealthy individuals have already spent millions of dollars on space voyages, suggesting that this funding approach is viable.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument?
(A) Space tourism has the potential to become more affordable for the general public in the future.
(B) The majority of the public remains skeptical about the benefits of space research.
(C) Some millionaires who have gone on space voyages have also donated additional funds to space research organizations.
(D) The technology developed for space tourism has limited applications in other industries.
(E) Government funding for space research has decreased in recent years, making private funding more crucial.
DC
2.RC
Scholars studying the history of women in revolutions, especially in twentieth-century Marxist revolutions, have usually begun by examining the ideology of the revolutionary leaders and the programs they established to accomplish women's emancipation.' This is a logical and easily justifiable approach. But crucial also is an analysis of the attitudes and behavior of women themselves. The female masses play an often-overlooked part in shaping a revolution's course and results; and, equally important, women's responses to revolution reveal much about their beliefs, loyalties, and fears and about their position and roles in the social system.
The study of the female masses in the Russian Revolution is only beginning. Published materials and archives that hold the record of women’s experience in the years 1917-21 have yet to be explored in depth. This article therefore offers a preliminary examination of some of these documents, suggesting interpretations that may prove useful as guides to deeper analysis.
The period of the Russian Revolution was for women, as for men, a time of paradox, in which the lavish promises of the new government were accompanied by enormous deprivation and frightening social disintegration. However, the chaos of revolution held a particular danger for working-class and peasant women, because it threatened to strip away all their traditional defenses, leaving them-often illiterate and burdened with children-to cope with a world at war. Whether these women chose to preserve traditional institutions as a defense against the chaos or to accept the Bolshevik vision of emancipated womanhood was of consequence to the final outcome of the revolution itself. Only a small minority of women, motivated by conviction or by the lack of defenses in traditional society, followed the Bolsheviks. Most women preferred to cling to the time-honored patriarchal forms of the family and village. Their ostensibly self-defeating response to revolution was seen by the Bolsheviks as proof of their backwardness. In fact, these Russian women were behaving in their own interests, but their motives can be appreciated only by examining the revolution as they themselves experienced it.
The revolution began in February 1917 with demonstrations in St. Petersburg that led to the abdication of Nicholas II. After the tsar's fall, a thoroughgoing assault on the old regime spread outward from the cities to the countryside. Attacks on the ruling class took a variety of forms, from the symbolic destruction of statues of the tsars, to more substantive acts of property confiscation. The peasants, who constituted 85 percent of the population, began the revolution in rural areas by seizing the aristocrats' land, land which they believed God had created for the people's use but which, according to the same mythology, the idle nobles had usurped. For centuries, rumors had circulated among the peasants that the tsar was planning to correct this ancient injustice by giving all the land to the people. But these rumors had always proved false. Suddenly in 1917 the tsar was gone, and the peasants began to rectify the situation themselves. There are indications that some peasant women joined men in looting houses, butchering livestock, and drinking the liquor that had been locked up since Nicholas declared prohibition in 1914. Women did peasants not play a role in the peasant committees that led the land confiscation, however, for those committees were composed of the leaders of the village communes. The commune, or assembly of village men, had for centuries periodically redivided the land into strips, which they then assigned to individual households for cultivation. Thus in 1917 the peasants naturally used this assembly to distribute the nobles' land and to govern the villages.3 Having seized the landlords' property, most peasants were then satisfied to see the revolution go no further. They had little interest in changing the customs and organization of village life.
Question 1:
According to the passage, the study of women's experiences during the Russian Revolution has been limited by
(A) a lack of published materials and archival records
(B) the destruction of relevant documents during the revolution
(C) the reluctance of women to share their experiences
(D) the focus on the ideology of revolutionary leaders and their programs
(E) the difficulty in interpreting women's beliefs, loyalties, and fears
Question 2:
The passage suggests that the "lavish promises of the new government" during the Russian Revolution were
(A) fulfilled for the majority of women
(B) accompanied by significant hardships and social upheaval
(C) primarily aimed at emancipating women from traditional roles
(D) more appealing to working-class and peasant women than to other groups
(E) the main reason women supported the Bolsheviks
Question 3:
The author's primary purpose in writing this passage is to
(A) argue for the importance of studying women's experiences during the Russian Revolution
(B) compare the experiences of working-class and peasant women during the revolution
(C) criticize the Bolsheviks' approach to women's emancipation
(D) analyze the reasons behind the success of the Russian Revolution
(E) highlight the role of women in shaping the course and outcome of the revolution
Question 4:
The passage implies that the Bolsheviks viewed women who clung to traditional patriarchal forms as
(A) a threat to the success of the revolution
(B) allies in the fight against the old regime
(C) victims of the chaos and disintegration caused by the revolution
(D) evidence of the backwardness of Russian society
(E) potential supporters who needed to be educated about the benefits of emancipation
Question 5:
According to the passage, which of the following best describes the role of peasant women in the confiscation of aristocrats' land during the Russian Revolution?
(A) They played a crucial role in the peasant committees that led the land confiscation.
(B) They joined men in looting houses, butchering livestock, and consuming previously prohibited alcohol.
(C) They were the primary instigators of the land confiscation, driven by a desire to correct historical injustices.
(D) They actively opposed the land confiscation, preferring to maintain the traditional village structure.
(E) They were largely uninvolved in the land confiscation, which was carried out by the male-dominated village communes.
Question 6:
The passage suggests that the peasants' belief that the tsar would redistribute the nobles' land stemmed from
(A) the tsar's public statements about land reform
(B) the peasants' faith in the tsar's divine right to rule
(C) long-circulating rumors among the peasant population
(D) the tsar's history of supporting peasant uprisings
(E) the influence of revolutionary propaganda on peasant thinking
Question 7:
The author mentions the "symbolic destruction of statues of the tsars" (line 38) as an example of
(A) the peasants' attempts to erase the memory of the old regime
(B) the various forms of attacks on the ruling class during the revolution
(C) the Bolsheviks' efforts to undermine the authority of the tsar
(D) the working-class women's participation in revolutionary activities
(E) the failure of the new government to protect cultural heritage sites
Question 8:
The passage indicates that after seizing the landlords' property, most peasants
(A) demanded further revolutionary changes to village life and customs
(B) redistributed the land equally among all village members, including women
(C) were content with the revolution and desired no further changes
(D) returned the land to the control of the village communes
(E) established new forms of local government to replace the village assemblies
ABADECBC
3.DI
The Japanese video game industry has undergone a remarkable metamorphosis over the past few decades, evolving from a niche market catering to a handful of enthusiasts to a global juggernaut that has redefined the landscape of interactive entertainment. With a rich tapestry of history dating back to the 1970s, the industry has been at the vanguard of technological innovation, creative storytelling, and immersive gameplay experiences. Today, Japan stands as a luminous beacon in the world of video games, home to some of the most influential and iconic companies, such as Nintendo, Sony, and Capcom, which have consistently pushed the boundaries of what is possible in the medium, crafting experiences that have captivated and enthralled audiences across the globe.
One of the quintessential factors behind the resounding success of the Japanese video game industry is the country's distinctive cultural and artistic sensibilities, which have been deftly woven into the fabric of its games. Japanese developers possess an innate understanding of the paramount importance of storytelling, character development, and visual aesthetics in creating immersive and engaging gaming experiences that resonate with players on a profound level. This is evidenced by the myriad of iconic franchises that have emerged from the Land of the Rising Sun, such as Super Mario, The Legend of Zelda, Final Fantasy, and Metal Gear Solid. These series have left an indelible mark on the gaming landscape, captivating audiences around the world with their rich narratives, memorable characters, and groundbreaking gameplay mechanics that have set new standards for the industry.
Another crucial aspect of the Japanese video game industry's success is its uncanny ability to adapt to and drive technological advancements, consistently staying at the forefront of innovation. Japan has been a trailblazer in hardware development, with companies like Nintendo and Sony introducing groundbreaking consoles that have revolutionized the way we interact with and experience video games. The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and the PlayStation, for instance, not only brought gaming into the mainstream consciousness but also redefined the very nature of the medium, setting new benchmarks for graphics, sound, and overall performance that have become the gold standard for the industry. Moreover, Japanese developers have displayed a remarkable propensity for embracing cutting-edge technologies, such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and cloud gaming, to create novel and immersive gaming experiences that push the boundaries of what is possible.
The Japanese video game industry has also benefited immensely from a robust and thriving domestic market, with a large and fiercely dedicated consumer base that places a premium on quality and innovation. According to a comprehensive report by Newzoo, a renowned market intelligence firm, the Japanese gaming market generated an estimated $18.6 billion in revenue in 2020, solidifying its position as the third-largest market in the world, trailing only behind the United States and China. This formidable domestic demand has provided a stable and fertile ground for Japanese developers to experiment with new ideas, take bold creative risks, and refine their craft, which has, in turn, helped to propel the industry to new heights of global success and influence.
In recent years, the Japanese video game industry has faced intensifying competition from other countries, particularly the United States and China, as they have made significant strides in game development and market share. However, Japanese companies have demonstrated remarkable resilience and adaptability in the face of these challenges, forging strategic partnerships, expanding into new markets, and investing heavily in emerging technologies to maintain their competitive edge. For example, Nintendo has deftly navigated the mobile gaming landscape by partnering with top-tier mobile game developers to bring its beloved franchises to smartphones and tablets, introducing a new generation of players to its iconic characters and worlds. Similarly, Sony has doubled down on developing high-quality, narrative-driven exclusive titles for its PlayStation consoles, leveraging its cutting-edge hardware and immersive storytelling capabilities to create unparalleled gaming experiences that have become the talk of the industry.
As the global video game market continues to evolve at a breakneck pace, with new technologies, platforms, and business models emerging at every turn, the Japanese video game industry finds itself at a critical juncture. To maintain its position at the forefront of the industry and continue to shape its future, Japanese companies must remain agile, innovative, and committed to pushing the boundaries of what is possible in the medium. This will require a delicate balancing act of staying true to the unique cultural and artistic sensibilities that have defined the industry's success while also embracing new technologies, partnerships, and creative visions that will propel it forward.
One key area where the Japanese video game industry can continue to differentiate itself is through its unparalleled storytelling prowess and attention to detail. Japanese developers have a rich tradition of crafting deeply immersive and emotionally resonant narratives that explore complex themes, challenge players' perceptions, and leave a lasting impact long after the final credits have rolled. By continuing to invest in talented writers, directors, and artists who can weave captivating tales and create fully realized worlds, Japanese companies can set themselves apart in an increasingly crowded and competitive market.
Another critical aspect of the Japanese video game industry's future success lies in its ability to foster and nurture new talent, both within its own ranks and from the global development community. By creating opportunities for young developers to learn from established masters, experiment with new ideas, and bring fresh perspectives to the table, Japanese companies can ensure a steady pipeline of innovation and creativity that will drive the industry forward. This can be achieved through initiatives such as mentorship programs, game jams, and collaborations with educational institutions, as well as by embracing a more diverse and inclusive workforce that reflects the global nature of the gaming audience.
Moreover, the Japanese video game industry must continue to be at the forefront of technological innovation, pushing the boundaries of what is possible with each new generation of hardware and software. This will require significant investments in research and development, as well as a willingness to take calculated risks on new technologies and platforms that may not have proven market viability. By being early adopters and trailblazers in areas such as cloud gaming, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence, Japanese companies can position themselves as leaders in the industry and shape the future of gaming on a global scale.
Finally, the Japanese video game industry must also navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by the rise of esports and competitive gaming. With the global esports market expected to reach $1.5 billion in revenue by 2023, according to a report by Goldman Sachs, there is a significant opportunity for Japanese companies to leverage their expertise in game design and community building to create compelling competitive experiences that engage players and spectators alike. This will require a deep understanding of the unique dynamics and culture of the esports scene, as well as a commitment to creating games that are balanced, fair, and rewarding for players of all skill levels.
As the Japanese video game industry looks to the future, it is clear that the path forward will be shaped by a complex interplay of cultural, technological, and economic factors. However, by staying true to its roots while also embracing change and innovation, the industry can continue to thrive and maintain its position as a global leader in interactive entertainment. With its unrivaled creativity, passion, and dedication to the craft of game development, the Japanese video game industry is poised to create new worlds, tell new stories, and inspire new generations of gamers for years to come.
Questions:
1. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the evolution of the Japanese video game industry over the past few decades?
(A) It has transitioned from a global leader to a niche market catering to a handful of enthusiasts.
(B) It has grown from a niche market to a global powerhouse that has redefined interactive entertainment.
(C) It has maintained a steady, moderate growth rate, focusing primarily on its domestic market.
(D) It has experienced a gradual decline due to increased competition from the United States and China.
(E) The passage does not provide a clear description of the industry's evolution.
2. The author suggests that Japanese video game developers' understanding of storytelling, character development, and visual aesthetics has:
(A) Hindered their ability to create engaging gaming experiences.
(B) Been a key factor in the success of iconic franchises like Super Mario and Final Fantasy.
(C) Led to a decline in the quality of Japanese video games in recent years.
(D) Had little impact on the global appeal of Japanese video games.
(E) Been overshadowed by the industry's focus on technological innovation.
3. According to the passage, which of the following technologies have Japanese video game developers embraced to create novel and immersive gaming experiences?
(A) Virtual reality
(B) Augmented reality
(C) Cloud gaming
(D) All of the above
(E) None of the above
4. The passage cites a report by Newzoo, which states that the Japanese gaming market generated an estimated _______ in revenue in 2020, making it the _______ market in the world.
(A) $18.6 billion; third-largest
(B) $18.6 billion; second-largest
(C) $1.86 billion; third-largest
(D) $1.86 billion; second-largest
(E) The passage does not provide enough information to determine the Japanese gaming market's global ranking.
5. According to the passage, how have Japanese video game companies responded to increased competition from the United States and China?
(A) By focusing exclusively on their domestic market and reducing their global presence.
(B) By adopting a wait-and-see approach, avoiding significant investments in new technologies or partnerships.
(C) By forging strategic partnerships, expanding into new markets, and investing in emerging technologies.
(D) By prioritizing short-term profits over long-term innovation and growth.
(E) The passage does not discuss the Japanese video game industry's response to increased competition.
6. The author suggests that for the Japanese video game industry to maintain its position at the forefront of the industry, it must:
(A) Stay true to its unique cultural and artistic sensibilities.
(B) Embrace new technologies, partnerships, and creative visions.
(C) Balance staying true to its roots while also embracing change and innovation.
(D) Focus primarily on developing games for the domestic market.
(E) Prioritize short-term financial gains over long-term growth and innovation.
7. According to the passage, which of the following initiatives can help the Japanese video game industry foster and nurture new talent?
(A) Mentorship programs
(B) Game jams
(C) Collaborations with educational institutions
(D) Embracing a more diverse and inclusive workforce
(E) All of the above
8. The passage mentions that the global esports market is expected to reach _______ in revenue by 2023, according to a report by Goldman Sachs.
(A) $1.5 million
(B) $15 million
(C) $150 million
(D) $1.5 billion
(E) $15 billion
9. The author argues that for Japanese video game companies to succeed in the esports market, they must:
(A) Focus solely on creating games with the highest potential for competitive play.
(B) Develop a deep understanding of the unique dynamics and culture of the esports scene.
(C) Create games that cater exclusively to professional esports players.
(D) Prioritize short-term financial gains over long-term sustainability in the esports market.
(E) Avoid investing in the esports market altogether due to its inherent risks and uncertainties.
10. The passage concludes by stating that the future of the Japanese video game industry will be shaped by:
(A) A focus on developing games exclusively for the domestic market.
(B) A rejection of new technologies and partnerships in favor of traditional game development practices.
(C) An emphasis on short-term financial gains over long-term innovation and growth.
(D) A complex interplay of cultural, technological, and economic factors.
(E) A complete departure from its roots and unique artistic sensibilities.
11. (B) 文章开头就提到日本游戏产业从小众市场发展成为全球娱乐业的巨头，重新定义了交互式娱乐。
12. (B) 文章提到日本开发者对叙事、角色塑造和视觉美学的理解是知名游戏系列成功的关键因素。
13. (D) 文章提到日本开发者接受了虚拟现实、增强现实和云游戏等尖端技术。
14. (A) 文章引用了Newzoo的报告，指出2020年日本游戏市场收入约186亿美元，是全球第三大市场。
15. (C) 文章提到日本公司通过建立战略合作伙伴关系、拓展新市场和投资新兴技术来应对来自美国和中国的竞争。
16. (C) 文章建议日本游戏产业要在保持自身特色的同时接受变革和创新，才能继续保持领先地位。
17. (E) 文章列举了导师计划、游戏开发活动、与教育机构合作以及拥抱多元化和包容性劳动力等措施,可以帮助培养和支持新人才。
18. (D) 文章提到高盛的报告预测,到2023年全球电竞市场收入将达到15亿美元。
19. (B) 文章认为日本公司要在电竞市场取得成功,必须深入了解电竞场景的独特动态和文化。
20. (D) 文章总结指出,日本游戏产业的未来将由文化、技术和经济因素的复杂相互作用所塑造。
[/md]作者: dyiyi2023 时间: 2024-8-24 00:20
CR 1
一种red mineral，以前只用来dye，现在发现可以成为adhesive。一种古代工具的尖端上就有这种red mineral，或许可以成为strong glue。
答案：我选了B。不知道为什么是D，感觉题干表述有点问题。求楼下大神解答。