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标题: 揽瓜阁训练营第186天（含CR，RC和DI题目） [打印本页]

作者: 小白斩鸡 时间: 2024-8-5 09:37
标题: 揽瓜阁训练营第186天（含CR，RC和DI题目）
之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～然后focus上线，IR需求大家也大。就想着把揽瓜阁的阅读逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡

每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新

RC题源：揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
CR题源：本月中文JJ改编
IR题源：往届鸡精改编

打卡内容：
一周打卡五篇，科目不限。
每天上午管理员群内发布题目，群成员做完提交打卡，第二天发布解析

打卡内容建议：
阅读：写文章结构、笔记
逻辑：写逻辑链分析
IR：写做题思路和选项分析

【现在你的笔记越全，越能帮助你捋清思路，之后回顾总结。】
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1.CR
In City X, the percentage of traffic accidents involving drivers with blood alcohol levels above the legal limit has decreased steadily over the past few years. City officials attribute this decline to the introduction of harsher penalties for drunk driving.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the city officials' explanation for the decrease in the percentage of traffic accidents involving drunk drivers?
(A) The number of traffic accidents in City X has increased over the past few years, while the number of accidents involving drunk drivers has remained relatively constant.
(B) City X has also introduced stricter regulations on the sale and consumption of alcohol in public places, which may have contributed to the decline in drunk driving accidents.
(C) The percentage of traffic accidents involving drivers with blood alcohol levels above the legal limit has also decreased in neighboring cities that have not introduced harsher penalties for drunk driving.
(D) The harsher penalties for drunk driving in City X have led to an increase in the number of people using public transportation or ride-sharing services after consuming alcohol.
(E) The introduction of harsher penalties for drunk driving in City X has been accompanied by increased public awareness campaigns about the dangers of driving under the influence of alcohol.

Official A: The tremendous economic growth in the United States over the past few decades can be attributed entirely to the extensive development of the railway network across the country. The railroads have provided an efficient and cost-effective means of transportation, connecting cities and facilitating trade.
Official B: While the railroads have certainly played a significant role in the economic development of the United States, it is important to recognize that other forms of transportation have also contributed to this growth. If the government had provided the same level of support and resources to the development of canals and highways as it did to the railroads, these alternative transportation networks could have been just as effective in promoting economic prosperity.
The point at issue between Official A and Official B is whether:
(A) the economic growth in the United States can be attributed solely to the development of the railway network.
(B) the government should have provided more support to the development of canals and highways.
(C) the railroads have been the most efficient and cost-effective means of transportation in the United States.
(D) alternative transportation networks, such as canals and highways, could have been as effective as railroads in promoting economic growth if given the same level of support.
(E) the development of transportation infrastructure is crucial for economic growth in the United States.

答案:

2.RC
When sources of an infectious disease are unavoidable and when treatment is either nonexistent or only partially effective, we look to that cornerstone of preventive medicine: a vaccine. Malaria is an example. This parasite infection can be prevented by measures that interrupt at one step or another the disease’s transmission by mosquitoes. But now many vectors are resistant to the insecticides that once kept their numbers low. Malaria has been successfully treated with medicines such as quinine. But the malaria parasites themselves are becoming resistant to the effects of these treatments. As the standbys of prevention and treatment reveal vulnerabilities over time, there is keener interest in developing a vaccine to prevent malaria.

Although malaria’s global scope dwarfs that of Lyme disease, there are parallels between the two diseases which are instructive with respect to vaccines. For many years a vaccine for use in humans was generally thought of as a low-priority item for Lyme disease prevention, and in fact, some experts continue to dispute the proposition that a Lyme disease vaccine is needed. Tick bites were viewed as being avoidable by means of a few simple precautions for outdoor activities. Moreover, the disease was seen by most physicians as easily treated with antibiotics. There was, in addition, little apparent incentive for a company to develop and market a vaccine against the disease. A vaccine for the more frequently fatal tick-borne disease Rocky Mountain spotted fever was taken off the market for the lack of use. Inasmuch as Lyme disease is rarely fatal, the public’s acceptance of side effects or actual illness from a vaccine would be expected to be low. What with the amount of litigation against vaccines for proven killers such as whooping cough and diphtheria, how great would be the “bottom line” for a vaccine against a more benign infection? How tolerant, it was further asked, would people be of untoward reactions to a vaccine against an infection that could easily be avoided to begin with, and that could be treated if acquired?

These are discouraging considerations and doubts. Nevertheless, public and professional demand have grown to the point that efforts to develop a vaccine for humans are now under way on both sides of the Atlantic. One justification is the recognition, over the last decade, that the impact of Lyme disease on the health and quality of life in high-risk areas is considerable. In some communities 10 percent of the population have been infected. There has been only limited success to date in controlling the disease by interrupting transmission to people in these areas. For many suburban residents, exposure to infection is almost impossible to avoid. This is especially true for outdoor workers and residents of communities with many deer and infected ticks around homes. Although many early infections with B. burgdorferi come to a physician’s attention, further experience has shown that infections occur without the rash of erythema migrans having been noticed. In the rash’s absence it is difficult to distinguish Lyme disease from a summer virus infection. In these cases the infection may go untreated during the stage in which treatment is most effective.

People with late infection, like those with the early form of the disease, usually respond to antibiotic therapy, but longer treatments are required. Moreover, some patients with Lyme disease involving the joints or nervous system do not substantially improve even after intravenous antibiotics. The arthritis continues for months to years, or the fatigue and achiness persist long after the antibiotics have been discontinued. Notwithstanding doubts about the accuracy of some diagnoses of chronic Lyme disease, the specter of a large number of persons with unrelieved disabilities has been another factor in the increased interest in a Lyme disease vaccine.

1. The passage suggests that the development of a malaria vaccine has become a higher priority due to:
(A) the increasing resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides
(B) the growing resistance of malaria parasites to treatments like quinine
(C) the recognition that malaria has a more global scope than Lyme disease
(D) the success of measures that interrupt the transmission of malaria by mosquitoes
(E) the increasing resistance of both mosquitoes to insecticides and malaria parasites to treatments

2. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the impact of Lyme disease in high-risk areas?
(A) It affects up to 10 percent of the population in some communities.
(B) It has been successfully controlled by interrupting transmission to people.
(C) Exposure to infection is easily avoidable for most suburban residents.
(D) It rarely occurs in communities with a high population of deer and infected ticks.
(E) Its impact on health and quality of life has been recognized for over two decades.

3. The passage implies that the absence of erythema migrans:
(A) makes it easier to distinguish Lyme disease from a summer virus infection
(B) increases the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease
(C) is a common occurrence in early-stage Lyme disease infections
(D) is a reliable indicator that the infection will progress to the late stage
(E) can lead to Lyme disease going untreated during the stage when treatment is most effective

4. Based on the information in the passage, it can be inferred that:
(A) the majority of physicians believe that a Lyme disease vaccine is unnecessary
(B) the development of a Lyme disease vaccine has been driven primarily by public demand
(C) the potential side effects of a Lyme disease vaccine would be more severe than those of vaccines for whooping cough and diphtheria
(D) the limited success in controlling Lyme disease transmission has contributed to the increased interest in a vaccine
(E) the persistence of arthritis and fatigue in some Lyme disease patients is the primary justification for vaccine development

5. The passage suggests that a key difference between malaria and Lyme disease is that:
(A) malaria is more frequently fatal than Lyme disease
(B) malaria has a more global scope than Lyme disease
(C) malaria is more easily treated with antibiotics than Lyme disease
(D) the vectors of malaria have not developed resistance to insecticides, unlike the vectors of Lyme disease
(E) the development of a vaccine for malaria has been a higher priority than for Lyme disease

6. According to the passage, which of the following statements about antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease is true?
(A) It is most effective during the late stage of the infection.
(B) It always leads to substantial improvement in patients with Lyme disease affecting the joints or nervous system.
(C) It requires shorter treatment durations for late-stage infections compared to early-stage infections.
(D) It is less effective when erythema migrans is not present.
(E) It is the only available treatment option for Lyme disease.

7. The author's primary purpose in mentioning the vaccine for Rocky Mountain spotted fever is to:
(A) provide an example of a successful vaccine for a tick-borne disease
(B) highlight the potential profitability of developing a vaccine for a fatal disease
(C) illustrate the challenges in marketing a vaccine for a less common disease
(D) emphasize the importance of preventing tick bites to avoid infection
(E) suggest that a vaccine for Lyme disease would be more widely accepted than one for Rocky Mountain spotted fever

8. Based on the passage, it can be inferred that outdoor workers in high-risk areas:
(A) are less likely to contract Lyme disease than other residents
(B) have a higher risk of exposure to Lyme disease infection
(C) are more likely to receive prompt antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease
(D) have a lower incidence of chronic Lyme disease compared to other residents
(E) are more likely to develop resistance to antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease

3.DI
The Straus family, a prominent Austrian family known for their significant contributions to the world of classical music, has left an indelible mark on the cultural landscape of Europe and beyond. The family's musical legacy began with Johann Strauss I, a talented composer and conductor who rose to prominence in Vienna during the early 19th century. His compositions, particularly his waltzes, polkas, and marches, captivated audiences and earned him the title of "The Father of the Viennese Waltz."

Johann Strauss I's sons, Johann Strauss II, Josef Strauss, and Eduard Strauss, followed in their father's footsteps and became renowned composers and conductors in their own right. Johann Strauss II, often referred to as "The Waltz King," elevated the waltz to new heights of popularity and sophistication. His compositions, such as "The Blue Danube," "Tales from the Vienna Woods," and "Die Fledermaus," are considered masterpieces of the genre and continue to be performed and celebrated around the world.

The Strauss brothers' influence extended far beyond the confines of Vienna. They embarked on numerous international tours, bringing their music to audiences across Europe, Russia, and the United States. Their performances were met with great acclaim, and their compositions were eagerly adopted by dance orchestras and military bands, further spreading the popularity of Viennese music.

The Strauss family's musical empire was not limited to composition and performance. They also established their own orchestra, the Strauss Orchestra, which became one of the most renowned and sought-after ensembles of its time. The orchestra's performances were known for their precision, virtuosity, and ability to capture the essence of the Strauss family's compositions.

In addition to their musical pursuits, the Strauss family was also involved in the cultural and social life of Vienna. They were frequently commissioned to compose music for important events, such as the opening of the Vienna State Opera and the International Exhibition of 1873. Their music became an integral part of Viennese culture, and their influence can still be felt in the city's musical traditions today.

The Strauss family's legacy has endured long after their lifetimes. Their compositions continue to be performed by orchestras and ensembles around the world, and their influence can be heard in the works of countless composers who followed in their footsteps. The family's story has also been the subject of numerous books, films, and stage productions, cementing their place in popular culture.

One of the most enduring aspects of the Strauss family's legacy is the annual Vienna New Year's Concert, a tradition that began in 1939. The concert, which features the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra performing a selection of Strauss family compositions, is broadcast to millions of viewers worldwide and has become a beloved cultural event.

The Strauss family's contributions to classical music extend beyond their own compositions. They played a significant role in the development and popularization of the waltz, elevating it from a simple dance form to a sophisticated art form. Their innovations in orchestration, such as the use of larger ensembles and the incorporation of new instruments, had a lasting impact on the evolution of classical music.

The family's influence also extended to the realm of opera. Johann Strauss II's operettas, such as "Die Fledermaus" and "The Gypsy Baron," were immensely popular during his lifetime and continue to be performed regularly in opera houses around the world. These works showcased Strauss's ability to blend engaging storylines, memorable melodies, and social commentary, creating a new genre that bridged the gap between opera and popular entertainment.

Despite their immense success and popularity, the Strauss family faced their share of challenges and rivalries. The relationship between Johann Strauss I and his sons was often strained, with the younger generation striving to establish their own identities and surpass the achievements of their father. There were also artistic and professional rivalries among the brothers, particularly between Johann Strauss II and Josef Strauss, who both sought to assert their dominance in the world of Viennese music.

The Strauss family's story is one of remarkable talent, innovation, and perseverance. Their music not only entertained audiences but also served as a reflection of the cultural, social, and political climate of their time. Through their compositions, performances, and influence on the development of classical music, the Strauss family left a lasting impact that continues to be felt to this day.

In conclusion, the Strauss family's contributions to the world of classical music cannot be overstated. Their compositions, performances, and innovations helped shape the course of musical history and continue to inspire and delight audiences around the world. The family's legacy serves as a testament to the enduring power of music to transcend time, borders, and cultural barriers, and to unite people in a shared appreciation of beauty and artistry.

Questions:
1. Which of the following best describes the primary focus of the passage?
(A) The development of the waltz as a musical genre
(B) The cultural and social impact of the Strauss family's music
(C) The personal lives and relationships of the Strauss family members
(D) The Strauss family's contributions to the world of classical music and their enduring legacy

2. According to the passage, which of the following is true about Johann Strauss I?
(A) He was known as "The Waltz King" for his contributions to the genre.
(B) He composed the famous waltz "The Blue Danube."
(C) He established the Strauss Orchestra, which became a renowned ensemble.
(D) He was given the title "The Father of the Viennese Waltz" for his role in popularizing the dance form.

3. The passage suggests that the Strauss brothers' international tours were significant because they:
(A) Helped spread the popularity of Viennese music beyond Austria
(B) Led to the establishment of the Strauss Orchestra
(C) Resulted in the composition of their most famous works, such as "Die Fledermaus"
(D) Enabled them to surpass the achievements of their father, Johann Strauss I

4. Which of the following is mentioned as an enduring aspect of the Strauss family's legacy?
(A) The incorporation of new instruments into classical music orchestration
(B) The annual Vienna New Year's Concert featuring Strauss family compositions
(C) The development of operettas as a new genre bridging opera and popular entertainment
(D) The personal rivalries and tensions among the Strauss family members

5. The passage indicates that Johann Strauss II's operettas were notable for:
(A) Their use of innovative orchestration techniques
(B) Their ability to blend engaging storylines, memorable melodies, and social commentary
(C) Their role in establishing the Strauss family's international reputation
(D) Their influence on the development of the waltz as a musical genre

6. According to the passage, the relationship between Johann Strauss I and his sons was characterized by:
(A) Close collaboration and mutual support
(B) A shared dedication to preserving Viennese musical traditions
(C) Tension and rivalry, as the younger generation sought to establish their own identities
(D) A united front against professional competitors and critics

7. The author's tone in discussing the Strauss family's contributions to classical music can best be described as:
(A) Critical and dismissive
(B) Neutral and unbiased
(C) Nostalgic and sentimental
(D) Admiring and celebratory

8. The passage suggests that the Strauss family's music served as:
(A) A reflection of the cultural, social, and political climate of their time
(B) A rejection of traditional Viennese musical forms and conventions
(C) An attempt to appeal to a wider international audience
(D) A means of promoting their personal and professional rivalries

9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the Strauss family's enduring legacy?
(A) The continued performance of their compositions by orchestras and ensembles worldwide
(B) The influence of their music on subsequent generations of composers
(C) The adaptation of their life story into various books, films, and stage productions
(D) The establishment of music education programs and scholarships in their name

10. The passage's conclusion emphasizes the idea that the Strauss family's music:
(A) Represents the pinnacle of Viennese classical music
(B) Transcends time, borders, and cultural barriers to unite people in a shared appreciation of beauty and artistry
(C) Exemplifies the technical virtuosity and innovation of 19th-century composers
(D) Reflects the personal struggles and triumphs of the individual family members

作者: JamesGgogo 时间: 2024-8-5 09:54
C 选择一个能够说明“酒后驾驶事故的减少并不是因为更严厉的处罚”这一点的选项。
A

RC：EAEDB DCB
疟疾和莱姆病疫苗开发重要性增加，因为抗性增强、传播难控。

作者: faye1030 时间: 2024-8-5 10:40
CR:1. C
2. D

作者: momomo219 时间: 2024-8-5 10:45
rc
1介绍为什么需要💉
2疫苗遇到的困难
3疫苗的不可或缺性
4疫苗存在的必要性
eaeeedcb

作者: momomo219 时间: 2024-8-5 10:49
rc
1介绍为什么需要💉
2疫苗遇到的困难
3疫苗的不可或缺性
4疫苗存在的必要性
eaeeedcb

作者: Terence12138 时间: 2024-8-5 11:47
同意！

作者: Ninian 时间: 2024-8-5 12:24
Day 186
CR
1. B ---- CB：错在自己加了因果。
C：

2. D

作者: Ninian 时间: 2024-8-5 12:27
Day 186
CR
1. B
2. D

作者: anonysakura 时间: 2024-8-5 14:12
看一下！

作者: JCTfire 时间: 2024-8-5 19:09

P：因为酒驾造成的事故稳定减少

C：由于新引入的罚款

选项方向：削弱罚款对酒驾对影响

A事故数量增加但是因为酒驾造成的事故保持不变---酒驾造成的事故比例下降

B销售烟酒限制变多，这可能会造成酒驾下降--文中未提及买烟酒和限制的关系

C在没有引入罚款的国家，酒驾比例也在减少--同果反因

D罚款会导致人民使用交通工具--无关

E引入罚款伴随着公众意识到提升--增强

我的选择：C，疑惑选择A

A：认为铁路是最方便最省钱的交通工具

B：铁路的地位是国家投入给的，如果给其他交通工具同样的支持，这些交通工具也会起到相同的作用

A：经济发展是否归因于铁路发展--无关

B：政府是否对其他交通工具给予他的支持--无关

C铁路是最方便最省钱的交通工具--A观点

D其他交通工具也会起到相同的作用

E交通工具发展对经济发展起到重要作用

分歧点在于：

国家对支持在哪，效率就在哪

我的选择：D

作者: JCTfire 时间: 2024-8-5 19:14
CD

作者: jeilham 时间: 2024-8-5 20:40
000000000000

作者: 尼古拉斯丁 时间: 2024-8-6 18:33
bd

作者: 杨翠花 时间: 2024-8-6 22:08
Mark一下！

作者: 杨翠花 时间: 2024-8-6 22:25
CR，我的选项AA，答案：CD
1. P：X城市近年来交通事故中酒驾的比例下降
C：政府认为这得益于重罚酒驾
削弱题，立场：X城市近年来交通事故中酒驾的比例下降并不是因为重罚酒驾
逻辑链条：有别的因素、这个重罚的效果不佳
我选A：酒驾事故总数不变，是事故总数变多【推断出重罚并没有导致减少，只是因为基数变大】
答案C：隔壁城市的酒驾事故率也下降，他们没有实行重罚【？？？？费解为什么】

2. P：官员A觉得美国过去几十年的发展得益于铁路交通网络的发展，提供了有效的、性价比高的交通方式链接了各个城市辅助贸易
C：官员B觉得虽然铁路在美国的经济发展中是重要角色，但是也需要肯定其他交通方式带来的促进。如果政府投资同样的资源和支持在其他交通方式上，也会取得对经济同样的促进效果。
我选A：两个人有争论的地方是关于美国的快速发展是否单一地归咎于地铁网络【官员A说entirely attribute to railway，但是官员B说也要关注别的交通方式】

作者: Cynthiahty 时间: 2024-8-7 15:48
看一下！

作者: waekoshi 时间: 2024-8-7 16:23
Mark一下！

作者: 薯片家的 时间: 2024-8-9 15:43
CR: B D
RC: B A E D C C C B

作者: 蒸鱼 时间: 2024-8-12 08:57
看一下！

作者: Dean1211 时间: 2024-8-12 10:52
11

作者: swedishchi 时间: 2024-8-20 05:14
[md](A) 近年来，X 市交通事故数量有所增加，而醉酒驾驶事故数量却保持相对稳定。

该选项意味着，虽然总体事故有所增加，但涉及醉酒驾驶的数量没有变化，这表明醉酒驾驶事故百分比的下降可能是由于其他类型事故的增加，而不是醉酒驾驶事件的减少他们自己。这表明酒后驾驶事件占总事件的比例可能仅仅因为其他类型的事故增加而下降，而不一定是因为酒后驾驶减少。这削弱了市政府官员的说法，因为这表明实行更严厉的处罚可能不是造成所观察到的变化的直接原因。
[/md]

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