1.CR
A pharmaceutical company has produced a non-prescription sleeping aid and heavily advertised it. Despite the low sales volume of the sleeping aid in the past period, the producers claim that the advertisement campaign has been very effective. Which of the following, if true, most effectively explains the producers' claim?
A. The overall market for sleeping aids has been rapidly declining, but the market share of this specific product has increased significantly.
B. Customers who have used the sleeping aid have reported high satisfaction and are likely to make repeat purchases.
C. The advertisement campaign has raised awareness about the importance of sleep, leading to increased interest in the product.
D. The cost of producing the sleeping aid is very low compared to other products, making even small sales volumes profitable.
E. Competitor companies have reduced their marketing efforts, giving more visibility to this company's sleeping aid.
A company recently decided to upgrade its computers and increase its bandwidth to improve employee productivity. However, some managers argue that the employees will use the new computers and faster internet to play games during work hours, thus undermining the intended productivity gains.
Assuming the managers' concerns are valid, which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the company's decision to proceed with the upgrades?
(A) The company has a strict policy prohibiting employees from playing games during work hours.
(B) Studies have shown that employees who occasionally play games during work hours report higher job satisfaction.
(C) The company's competitors have already upgraded their computers and increased their bandwidth.
(D) Most corporations have found no direct correlation between the performance of computers and bandwidth and the amount of time employees spend playing games at work.
(E) The company has previously observed that employees do not typically use company computers and bandwidth to play games.
2.DI
Background Information Card 1:
The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (RPO), one of the world's premier classical music ensembles based in London, generated £80 million in ticket revenue in 2022. Their 2022 subscriber base of 25,000 patrons is relatively stable. Based on historical data, they expect to retain 94% of these subscribers in 2023. Assuming no changes in marketing strategies or performance programming, their subscriber base in 2023 will likely remain at 94% of the 2022 level. Increasing revenue will require attracting new subscribers through successful marketing campaigns and/or enticing performance offerings. The total subscriber base S in 2023 will be the retained subscribers plus any new subscribers. If S represents their 2023 subscriber base in thousands, then their ticket revenue R (in millions of pounds) can be represented as:
R = 0.012S^2 + 0.8S – 3.6
Furthermore, RPO has established a strategic partnership with a world-renowned opera company. This partnership is expected to increase the revenue function by a factor of 1.05 due to cross-selling opportunities and audience synergies. However, this multiplicative factor is not expected to affect the number of new subscribers generated through marketing investments as described in Background Information Card 2.
Background Information Card 2:
In 2023, RPO can choose to invest a portion of its 2022 profits into one or more forms of marketing. On this card, X = funds invested in that marketing form (in thousands of pounds), N = the average number of new subscribers (in thousands) that marketing form is likely to generate in 2023.
1) Print Media & Direct Mail
Investment: no more than £400,000 due to diminishing returns above that threshold.
If X ≤ 400, N = X/80
2) Radio & Television Advertising
Investment: at least £600,000
If X ≥ 600, N = X/120 + 4
3) Digital Marketing
Investment: no lower or upper limit
N = X/100
4) Influencer Marketing
Investment: at least £200,000 and no more than £800,000
If 200 ≤ X ≤ 800, N = (X/200)^(1/2) × 2
Background Information Card 3:
RPO's Performance Planning department has been developing new programming ideas to attract audiences. In 2023, RPO has already allocated a baseline budget to its core performance offerings, which are expected to maintain but not significantly grow the subscriber base this year. Beyond that, RPO must decide whether to invest additional funds from its 2022 profits into three special projects.
Project A is a series of concerts featuring a world-renowned guest conductor and soloist. It is well into the planning stages. The most reliable projections suggest that if RPO invests £1.5 million in 2023, there is an 85% chance of attracting 6,000 new subscribers; if RPO invests £3 million, there is a 15% chance of attracting 24,000 new subscribers.
Project B is a cutting-edge multimedia production incorporating advanced audiovisual effects and AI-generated music. It is expensive and artistically risky. Projections suggest that if RPO invests £4 million in 2023, there is a 70% chance that it would attract 32,000 new subscribers.
Project C is an international tour featuring performances in major global cities. It requires significant logistical planning and upfront costs. Analysts predict that if RPO invests £5 million in 2023, there is a 90% chance of gaining 40,000 new subscribers worldwide.
Questions (all percentages in the following are rounded to the nearest whole number):
1. If RPO invests £200,000 in print media and direct mail marketing, approximately how many new subscribers can they expect to gain in 2023?
A. 2,000
B. 2,500
C. 3,000
D. 3,500
2. What is the minimum investment in radio & television advertising required to generate at least 6,000 new subscribers in 2023?
A. £480,000
B. £600,000
C. £720,000
D. £840,000
3. Approximately how many new subscribers can RPO expect to gain from a £500,000 investment in digital marketing?
A. 4,000
B. 5,000
C. 6,000
D. 7,000
4. If RPO invests £400,000 in influencer marketing, approximately how many new subscribers can they expect to gain in 2023?
A. 2,000
B. 2,828
C. 4,000
D. 5,657
5. If RPO retains 94% of its 2022 subscriber base and attracts 8,000 new subscribers in 2023, what will be its total subscriber base (in thousands) in 2023?
A. 25.0
B. 29.3
C. 31.5
D. 33.0
6. If RPO's total 2023 subscriber base is 35,000 and they retain 94% of those subscribers in 2024, approximately how much ticket revenue (in millions) can they expect in 2024 if they attract no new subscribers, taking into account the multiplicative factor from their strategic partnership?
A. £30.14 million
B. £34.65 million
C. £39.17 million
D. £43.68 million
7. If RPO invests £1.5 million in Project A, what is the expected value of new subscribers from that investment? (Expected value = Probability of success × Number of new subscribers if successful)
A. 3,600
B. 5,100
C. 6,600
D. 8,100
8. If RPO invests £4 million in Project B, what is the expected value of new subscribers from that investment?
A. 12,800
B. 19,200
C. 22,400
D. 25,600
9. If RPO wants to maximize its expected value of new subscribers, which one of the following investment strategies should it pursue?
A. £1.5 million in Project A
B. £3 million in Project A
C. £4 million in Project B
D. £5 million in Project C
10. Suppose RPO decides to invest £400,000 in print media & direct mail, £600,000 in radio & television advertising, £500,000 in digital marketing, and £5 million in Project C. Assuming the expected values of new subscribers are achieved for each investment and RPO retains 94% of its 2022 subscriber base, approximately how much ticket revenue can RPO expect in 2023 based on its strategic partnership-enhanced revenue function?
A. £78.93 million
B. £96.21 million
C. £113.48 million
D. £130.76 million
3.RC
The two claws of the mature American lobster are decidedly different from each other. The crusher claw is short and stout; the cutter claw is long and slender. Such bilateral asymmetry, in which the right side of the body is, in all other respects, a mirror image of the left side, is not unlike handedness in humans. But where the majority of humans are right-handed, in lobsters the crusher claw appears with equal probability on either the right or left side of the body.
Bilateral asymmetry of the claws comes about gradually. In the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development, the paired claws are symmetrical and cutterlike. Asymmetry begins to appear in the juvenile sixth stage of development, and the paired claws further diverge toward well-defined cutter and crusher claws during succeeding stages. An intriguing aspect of this development was discovered by Victor Emmel. He found that if one of the paired claws is removed during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw invariably becomes a crusher, while the regenerated claw becomes a cutter. Removal of a claw during a later juvenile stage or during adulthood, when asymmetry is present, does not alter the asymmetry; the intact and the regenerate claws retain their original structures.
These observations indicate that the conditions that trigger differentiation must operate in a random manner when the paired claws are intact but in a nonrandom manner when one of the claws is lost. One possible explanation is that differential use of the claws determines their asymmetry. Perhaps the claw that is used more becomes the crusher. This would explain why, when one of the claws is missing during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw always becomes a crusher. With two intact claws, initial use of one claw might prompt the animal to use it more than the other throughout the juvenile fourth and fifth stages, causing it to become a crusher.
To test this hypothesis, researchers raised lobsters in the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development in a laboratory environment in which the lobsters could manipulate oyster chips. (Not coincidentally, at this stage of development lobsters typically change from a habitat where they drift passively, to the ocean floor where they have the opportunity to be more active by burrowing in the substrate.) Under these conditions, the lobsters developed asymmetric claws, half with crusher claws on the left, and half with crusher claws on the right. In contrast, when juvenile lobsters were reared in a smooth tank without the oyster chips, the majority developed two cutter claws. This unusual configuration of symmetrical cutter claws did not change when the lobsters were subsequently placed in a manipulatable environment or when they lost and regenerated one or both claws.
1. Which of the following hypothetical findings would most strongly suggest that the development of claw asymmetry in lobsters is subject to epigenetic regulation?
A. Lobsters exposed to environmental toxins during the juvenile stages exhibit a higher frequency of symmetric claws than unexposed lobsters.
B. Lobsters reared in environments with different water temperatures develop asymmetric claws at different rates.
C. Juvenile lobsters fed a diet rich in methyl donors develop asymmetric claws more rapidly than those fed a standard diet.
D. The offspring of lobsters with two cutter claws develop asymmetric claws when reared in a manipulatable environment, despite their parents' phenotype.
E. Lobsters treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors during the juvenile stages fail to develop asymmetric claws, even in a manipulatable environment.
2. The passage suggests that the development of claw asymmetry in lobsters is an example of a reaction norm. Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support this interpretation?
A. The degree of claw asymmetry in lobsters is proportional to the complexity of the manipulatable environment.
B. Lobsters reared in environments with different types of manipulatable objects develop different degrees of claw asymmetry.
C. Lobsters from different genetic backgrounds exhibit different thresholds for the environmental induction of claw asymmetry.
D. The frequency of left-sided versus right-sided crusher claws in a population of lobsters varies depending on the environmental conditions.
E. Lobsters reared in a gradient of environmental complexity exhibit a continuous range of claw asymmetry, from fully symmetric to strongly asymmetric.
3. If the development of claw asymmetry in lobsters were found to be controlled by a single gene, which of the following would be the most likely evolutionary explanation for the maintenance of both left-sided and right-sided crusher claws in populations?
A. Balancing selection
B. Directional selection
C. Stabilizing selection
D. Disruptive selection
E. Frequency-dependent selection
4. The passage suggests that the development of claw asymmetry in lobsters is an example of a polyphenism. Which of the following, if true, would most strongly challenge this interpretation?
A. Lobsters with symmetric claws can develop asymmetric claws later in life if exposed to a manipulatable environment.
B. The degree of claw asymmetry in lobsters is influenced by the timing of exposure to a manipulatable environment during the juvenile stages.
C. Lobsters with asymmetric claws can regenerate symmetric claws if their original claws are lost and they are reared in a non-manipulatable environment.
D. The development of claw asymmetry in lobsters is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, each coding for either a crusher or a cutter claw.
E. Lobsters with asymmetric claws exhibit different behaviors and occupy different ecological niches than those with symmetric claws.
5. Which of the following experimental designs would provide the most conclusive evidence for the role of differential claw use in determining asymmetry in lobsters?
A. Rearing lobsters in environments with manipulatable objects of different sizes and measuring the resulting degree of claw asymmetry.
B. Comparing the frequency of left-sided versus right-sided crusher claws in populations of lobsters from different geographic regions.
C. Measuring the force exerted by the crusher and cutter claws of individual lobsters and correlating it with the degree of claw asymmetry.
D. Experimentally manipulating the use of one claw in juvenile lobsters and observing the effect on the development of asymmetry in the manipulated and unmanipulated claws.
E. Comparing the gene expression profiles of crusher and cutter claws in lobsters at different stages of development.
Apologies for the oversight. Here are the last three questions in English, with increased difficulty:
6. If extensive research revealed that the development of claw asymmetry in lobsters is under the complex regulation of multiple genes, with different genes playing dominant roles at different developmental stages, which of the following hypotheses would be most likely to hold true?
A. The interactions between genes are crucial for the development of claw asymmetry.
B. The development of claw asymmetry is primarily dependent on environmental factors rather than genetic factors.
C. The genes involved in regulating the development of claw asymmetry have been under strong selection during evolution.
D. The genetic basis of claw asymmetry development varies significantly among different lobster populations.
E. The molecular mechanisms underlying claw asymmetry development remain constant throughout the entire developmental process.
7. Suppose a study discovered that the plasticity of claw asymmetry development varies significantly among lobster populations from different geographical regions, and this variation is correlated with the complexity of the environments inhabited by the populations. Which of the following inferences would be most likely to be valid?
A. The plasticity of claw asymmetry development is an ancestral trait that has been gradually lost during the process of species formation.
B. The plasticity of claw asymmetry development is a derived trait that has been gradually acquired during the process of species formation.
C. The differences in the plasticity of claw asymmetry development are caused by genetic drift and are unrelated to adaptive evolution.
D. The differences in the plasticity of claw asymmetry development are driven by varying selection pressures and reflect adaptive evolution.
E. The interpopulation differences in the plasticity of claw asymmetry development are related to the degree of geographical isolation rather than environmental complexity.
8. Consider a hypothetical scenario in which a novel environmental pollutant is introduced into the habitats of lobsters. If exposure to this pollutant during the juvenile stages disrupts the normal development of claw asymmetry, leading to a high frequency of adult lobsters with two cutter claws, which of the following long-term evolutionary consequences would be most likely to occur, assuming the pollutant persists in the environment?
A. The genes underlying the development of crusher claws would be selectively favored, leading to the rapid evolution of resistance to the pollutant's effects.
B. The genes underlying the development of cutter claws would be selectively favored, leading to the fixation of the two-cutter phenotype in the population.
C. The plasticity of claw asymmetry development would be selectively favored, leading to the evolution of enhanced responsiveness to environmental cues.
D. The genetic variability of claw asymmetry development would be selectively favored, leading to the maintenance of both asymmetric and symmetric phenotypes in the population.
E. The development of claw asymmetry would become canalized, leading to the evolution of reduced sensitivity to environmental perturbations.
RC
1. E
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. A
7. D
8. E(C)作者: 薯片家的 时间: 2024-5-16 16:53
CR: A E
RC：DBAAACDA
p1-lobster' two claws are differnent, crusher claw is short and stout; cutter claw i s long and slender. two claws have equal probalbility to use
P2- until fifth stages its still the same, started form sixth stage. if move one in 1~5 grade, the only one became crusher and another is cutter. later remains original.
P3- different use-->determines asymmetry
used more-->crusher作者: 狗熊要吃肉 时间: 2024-5-16 17:56
CE作者: jeilham 时间: 2024-5-17 08:49
000000000000000作者: Eunice12 时间: 2024-5-17 08:51
D129
我的选项：EDEDCDDC
正确选项：ECADDADC
文章结构
P1
1、成熟的美洲龙虾的两只钳是不同的
2、具体解释不同
3、与人类的手相比
P2
1、钳的双边不对称是逐渐发展的
2、介绍如何逐渐发展
P3
1、当成对的钳完好时，触发分化的条件是随机的。当一只钳没有了，则以非随机的方式运行
2、提出解释
P4
1、为了验证假设做实验作者: gmatcantkillme 时间: 2024-5-17 14:08
Day 129
CR
AB(D)
RC
P1: lobster crusher claw could be equally right or left.
P2: asymmetry begins to appear in the 6th stage, and then further diverge. Remove the claw in different stages will have different effects on asymmetry.
P3: explaining why the above situation happens: one explanation is that differential use of the claws determines their asymmetry.
P4: test the hypothesis
D(E)B(C)E(A)D DC(A)DB(C)作者: CHEyun 时间: 2024-5-17 18:42
DA作者: 杨翠花 时间: 2024-5-18 20:41
Mark一下！ 作者: 杨翠花 时间: 2024-5-18 21:18
CR，答题卡：CD，答案：AD
1. P: 医院新出的非处方睡眠aid药物打了很多广告
C：尽管过去一段时间销量不好，但是广告很有效果
原因解释题，立场：广告很有效
我选C：广告增加了人们对睡眠的意识，产品的关注度增加【过去销量虽然不好，但是意识上有变化了】
答案A：睡眠aid的市场整体下降，但是这个产品的市场份额上升【不是因为产品不好销量低，而是整体下降，并且整体下降中这个个体是上升的趋势】
RC，答题卡：EBADDADB，答案：ECADD
1. 定位第二段，asymmetry天生就存在，用了抑制剂才不会，进一步佐证是天生的、
2. reaction norm，我理解是对环境的反应，为什么不选B？
3. 猜的，文中没有找到定位
4. 通过排除法选择
5. 定位第三段：One possible explanation is that differential use of the claws determines their asymmetry.
6. 题干说：the development of claw asymmetry in lobsters is under the complex regulation of multiple genes 这是由复杂的基因决定的，所以推断出A 基因是关键
7. 题干说：this variation is correlated with the complexity of the environments inhabited by the populations，推断出是面对不同环境做出的反应
8. 我理解：都是两个cutter就没有变化了
答案C：直接说是对环境线索的加强型反应 作者: Katelynns 时间: 2024-5-19 10:59
CR: 1. A 尽管sales volume减少（整个细分市场都在decline），但是本品牌的药品所占市场份额在增加
2.D 打破电脑设备、网速和职工打游戏时长间的联系作者: Yeelin椰林 时间: 2024-5-20 00:15
【CR】
AD
1、市场的相对份额增长能证明广告有效。
2、升级设备和打游戏无直接关系。作者: xiaoyuzhou90 时间: 2024-5-20 12:55
CR
1我的答案：C；医药公司生产了一个非处方的助眠药并且大量宣传了；虽然过去一段时间助眠药销量不高，但是公司声称这个广告活动很有效；---哪个为真，最能解释公司的声称---C 广告活动提高了睡眠重要性的意识，导致对这个产品的兴趣增加；
2我的答案：公司打算升级电脑和网速来提高工作效率；但是，一些经理认为，员工会用新电脑和高网速来玩游戏，因此会影响提高工作效率的目的；---假设经理的认为是对的，哪个为真支持公司的决定---D 大部分公司发现电脑和宽带的表现和员工工作时玩游戏的时间没有直接联系；作者: 豆奶 时间: 2024-5-22 22:08
看一下！ 作者: 水波 时间: 2024-5-26 16:29
66666666666666666作者: 有机盐 时间: 2024-5-30 12:58
Mark一下！