ChaseDream
标题: 揽瓜阁训练营 第106天（含CR，RC和DI题目） [打印本页]
作者: 小白斩鸡 时间: 2024-4-15 09:46
标题: 揽瓜阁训练营 第106天（含CR，RC和DI题目）
之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡
每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新
RC题源：揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
CR题源：本月中文JJ改编
IR题源： 往届鸡精改编
打卡内容：
一周打卡五篇，科目不限。
每天上午管理员群内发布题目，群成员做完提交打卡，第二天发布解析
打卡内容建议：
阅读：写文章结构、笔记
逻辑：写逻辑链分析
IR：写做题思路和选项分析
【现在你的笔记越全，越能帮助你捋清思路，之后回顾总结。】
打卡方式：
可以在论坛留言区打卡，截图到群内
也可以在小红书/微博打卡，需写明任务内容是哪篇，并带上#揽瓜阁 #LGG #lgg 的 tag，截图到群内。
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1.A restaurant owner, known for her commitment to environmental conservation, surprisingly encourages her chefs and other restaurant owners to include endangered species in their menus. Despite knowing that this approach significantly increases costs and offers no profit in return, she persistently advocates for it. Explain why she would do this.
A) Including endangered species in menus raises public awareness about the plight of these animals, leading to increased conservation efforts.
B) The demand for dishes made from endangered species is on the rise, which indirectly helps to ensure their survival.
C) The use of endangered species in dishes is limited, so the overall impact on their population is minimal.
D) The restaurant owner believes that this practice will eventually lead to the artificial breeding of endangered species, reducing the pressure on wild populations.
E) Cooking with endangered species is part of a long-standing culinary tradition, which the restaurant owner wants to preserve.
2. In an experiment, rats were placed in cages with running wheels, and they voluntarily used them. When these rats were later placed in an unfamiliar environment, they exhibited severe anxiety. Scientists hypothesized that exercise activated a part of the brain controlling anxiety, leading to this behavior. Which of the following additional experiments would best evaluate this hypothesis?
A) Give the rats a sedative and observe if their anxiety levels decrease in the unfamiliar environment.
B) Place the rats in a familiar environment with no running wheel and observe their anxiety levels.
C) Offer the rats a choice between staying in a familiar environment or exploring an unfamiliar one.
D) Observe the anxiety levels of rats who have never used a running wheel when placed in an unfamiliar environment.
E) Administer a drug that specifically inhibits the part of the brain thought to be activated by exercise, without affecting other areas.
During the reign of Louis XIV in 17th century France, the country's transportation infrastructure underwent significant changes. The expansion of roads and waterways facilitated the growth of commerce and trade. However, the development of railways in the 19th century revolutionized the transportation of goods and passengers, ushering in a new era of economic growth and social transformation.
In 1850, the total length of the French railway network was approximately 3,000 kilometers. By 1870, it had grown to nearly 17,000 kilometers, and by 1900, it reached around 40,000 kilometers. This rapid expansion allowed for more efficient and cost-effective transportation of goods across the country. The introduction of steam locomotives in the 1840s played a crucial role in the growth of the railway network, as they allowed for faster and more powerful trains compared to earlier horse-drawn carriages. The development of new technologies, such as the Westinghouse air brake and the Bessemer process for steel production, further enhanced the efficiency and safety of rail transport.
The average cost to transport freight by road in 1850 was approximately 0.15 francs per ton-kilometer (where 1 ton = 1,000 kilograms) for shipments less than 400 kilometers and 0.08 francs per ton-kilometer for shipments more than 800 kilometers. In contrast, the average cost for rail shipments in 1900 was approximately 0.03 francs per ton-kilometer. This significant reduction in transportation costs made rail transport more attractive for both businesses and consumers, leading to a shift in the distribution of goods and the growth of new industries.
Railway companies in France were initially private enterprises, with the first railway line between Saint-Étienne and Andrézieux opening in 1827. However, the government provided subsidies and tax incentives to encourage the expansion of the rail network, recognizing its potential to stimulate economic growth and modernize the country. From 1850 to 1900, railway companies reinvested approximately 40 percent of their total revenue to maintain and improve their tracks and machinery. The French government also played a role in the development of the railway network by granting concessions to private companies and establishing a national railway company, the Chemins de fer de l'État, in 1878.
The shift from road to rail transportation had significant impacts on the French economy and environment. It is estimated that by 1900, the use of railways for long-distance freight transport saved approximately 2 billion liters of fuel per year compared to road transport. Additionally, the expansion of the rail network reduced road congestion and facilitated the growth of industries and cities across the country. The development of railways also had social and cultural implications, as it enabled people to travel more easily and quickly than ever before, leading to increased mobility and cultural exchange. The railway network played a crucial role in the modernization of French society, connecting rural areas with urban centers and facilitating the spread of ideas and innovations.
The growth of the French railway network in the 19th century was not without challenges. Railway construction was expensive and often faced opposition from landowners and local communities who were concerned about the impact on their properties and way of life. Accidents and safety concerns were also common, particularly in the early years of railway development, leading to the introduction of new regulations and safety measures. Despite these challenges, the railway network continued to expand, and by the early 20th century, France had one of the most extensive and advanced railway systems in the world, with a total length of over 50,000 kilometers.
The impact of the railway network on the French economy and society was far-reaching and long-lasting. The reduced transportation costs and increased efficiency brought about by rail transport led to the growth of new industries, such as steel production and manufacturing, and the expansion of existing industries, such as agriculture and textiles. The railway network also facilitated the development of new urban centers and the growth of existing cities, as people and businesses were drawn to areas with good transportation links. The increased mobility and cultural exchange brought about by the railway network also had a profound impact on French society, leading to the spread of new ideas and the emergence of a more interconnected and cosmopolitan culture.
In conclusion, the development of railways in 19th century France played a crucial role in the country's economic, social, and cultural development. The expansion of the railway network revolutionized transportation, reduced costs, and facilitated the growth of commerce and industry. While the growth of the railway network faced challenges, its impact on French society and the economy was profound and long-lasting, shaping the course of the country's development for generations to come.
Questions:
1. The passage suggests that the introduction of which technology in the 1840s played a crucial role in the growth of the French railway network?
A. Westinghouse air brake
B. Bessemer process for steel production
C. Steam locomotives
D. Horse-drawn carriages
2. According to the passage, what percentage of their total revenue did railway companies in France reinvest in maintaining and improving their infrastructure between 1850 and 1900?
A. 20 percent
B. 30 percent
C. 40 percent
D. 50 percent
3. The passage suggests that the development of railways in 19th century France had a significant impact on:
A. The growth of new industries and the expansion of existing ones
B. The spread of new ideas and the emergence of a more interconnected culture
C. The development of new urban centers and the growth of existing cities
D. All of the above
4. Which of the following challenges faced by the French railway network in the 19th century is mentioned in the passage?
A. Competition from road transport
B. Lack of government support
C. Opposition from landowners and local communities
D. Shortage of skilled labor
5. The passage suggests that the French government played a role in the development of the railway network by:
A. Nationalizing all railway companies
B. Banning the use of steam locomotives
C. Granting concessions to private companies and establishing a national railway company
D. Imposing strict regulations on railway construction and operation
6. By the early 20th century, what was the total length of the French railway network?
A. Approximately 30,000 kilometers
B. Approximately 40,000 kilometers
C. Approximately 50,000 kilometers
D. Approximately 60,000 kilometers
7. The passage suggests that the reduction in transportation costs brought about by rail transport led to:
A. The decline of agriculture and textiles industries
B. The growth of new industries and the expansion of existing ones
C. The decrease in cultural exchange and the spread of new ideas
D. The reduction of government support for railway companies
8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a social or cultural implication of the development of railways in 19th century France?
A. Increased mobility and cultural exchange
B. The spread of new ideas and innovations
C. The emergence of a more interconnected and cosmopolitan culture
D. The decline of traditional rural ways of life
9. The passage suggests that the growth of the French railway network in the 19th century was:
A. Unaffected by challenges and opposition
B. Primarily driven by government ownership of railway companies
C. Facilitated by the introduction of new technologies and government support
D. Limited to urban areas and major cities
10. According to the passage, the development of railways in 19th century France had a profound and long-lasting impact on:
A. The country's economic development
B. The country's social and cultural development
C. The country's political system
D. Both A and B
3.RC
The word democracy may stand for a natural social equality in the body politic or for a constitutional form of government in which power lies more or less directly in the people’s hand. The former may be called social democracy and the latter democratic government. The two differ widely, both in origin and in moral principle. Genetically considered, social democracy is something primitive, unintended, proper to communities where there is general competence and no marked personal eminence. There will be no aristocracy, no prestige, but instead an intelligent readiness to lend a hand and to do in unison whatever is done. In other words, there will be that most democratic of governments—no government at all. But when pressure of circumstances, danger, or inward strife makes recognized and prolonged guidance necessary to a social democracy, the form its government takes is that of a rudimentary monarchy established by election or general consent. A natural leader emerges and is instinctively obeyed. That leader may indeed be freely criticized and will not be screened by any pomp or traditional mystery; he or she will be easy to replace and every citizen will feel essentially his or her equal. Yet such a state is at the beginnings of monarchy and aristocracy.
Political democracy, on the other hand, is a late and artificial product. It arises by a gradual extension of aristocratic privileges, through rebellion against abuses, and in answer to restlessness on the people’s part. Its principle is not the absence of eminence, but the discovery that existing eminence is no longer genuine and representative. It may retain many vestiges of older and less democratic institutions. For under democratic governments the people have not created the state; they merely control it. Their suspicions and jealousies are quieted by assigning to them a voice, perhaps only a veto, in the administration. The people’s liberty consists not in their original responsibility for what exists, but merely in the faculty they have acquired of abolishing any detail that may distress or wound them, and of imposing any new measure, which, seen against the background of existing laws, may commend itself from time to time to their instinct and mind.
If we turn from origins to ideals, the contrast between social and political democracy is no less marked. Social democracy is a general ethical ideal, looking to human equality and brotherhood, and inconsistent, in its radical form, with such institutions as the family and hereditary property. Democratic government, on the contrary, is merely a means to an end, an expedient for the better and smoother government of certain states at certain junctures. It involves no special ideals of life; it is a question of policy, namely, whether the general interest will be better served by granting all people an equal voice in elections. For political democracy must necessarily be a government by deputy, and the questions actually submitted to the people can be only very large rough matters of general policy or of confidence in party leaders.
1. Which of the following best describes the main difference between social democracy and political democracy, according to the passage?
A. Social democracy is primitive, while political democracy is artificial.
B. Social democracy is based on equality, while political democracy is based on representation.
C. Social democracy is a general ethical ideal, while political democracy is a means to an end.
D. Social democracy is inconsistent with the family, while political democracy is consistent with it.
E. Social democracy is a form of government, while political democracy is a social ideal.
2. According to the passage, what is the principle of political democracy?
A. The absence of eminence
B. The discovery that existing eminence is no longer genuine and representative
C. The creation of the state by the people
D. The imposition of new measures by the people
E. The equal distribution of power among all citizens
3. What does the author suggest about the people's liberty under democratic governments?
A. It consists of the people's original responsibility for what exists.
B. It consists of the faculty to abolish distressing details and impose new measures.
C. It is inconsistent with the institution of the family.
D. It is a question of policy.
E. It is the primary goal of democratic governments.
4. According to the passage, what is the role of the people in political democracy?
A. They have created the state.
B. They have an equal voice in all matters of government.
C. They control the government but do not create it.
D. They are responsible for the existence of the government.
E. They have no control over the government.
5. What does the author suggest about the questions submitted to the people in political democracy?
A. They are very specific and detailed.
B. They are large, rough matters of general policy or confidence in party leaders.
C. They are decided by the people directly.
D. They are inconsistent with the institution of hereditary property.
E. They are not important for the functioning of the government.
6. According to the passage, what is the government like in a social democracy when prolonged guidance becomes necessary?
A. A constitutional monarchy
B. A rudimentary monarchy established by election or general consent
C. A government controlled by the people
D. A government with no aristocracy or prestige
E. A government with a strong aristocratic presence
7. What does the author suggest about the natural leader in a social democracy?
A. The leader is freely criticized and easy to replace.
B. The leader is screened by pomp and traditional mystery.
C. The leader is not considered equal to the citizens.
D. The leader is not obeyed by the people.
E. The leader is chosen based on their aristocratic background.
8. According to the passage, what is the main question concerning political democracy?
A. Whether it is consistent with the institution of the family
B. Whether it is a general ethical ideal
C. Whether the general interest will be better served by granting all people an equal voice in elections
D. Whether it is a primitive form of government
E. Whether it can be established through peaceful means
答案:
作者: lewton 时间: 2024-4-15 09:57
11111111111111111111
作者: 豫章笑笑生 时间: 2024-4-15 10:31
Mark一下
作者: chloeluoluo 时间: 2024-4-15 10:36
看一下！
作者: 狗熊要吃肉 时间: 2024-4-15 10:42
CR
1、
Context：owner因为环境保护而闻名，却在菜单上加入濒危物种。已知此行为增加成本且无利润
Question：owner为什么这么做？
读题后的思路：owner这么做大概率还是出于环境保护的目的
看完选项后发现A符合思路
2、
Context：老鼠玩轮子。完事后把老鼠放在陌生环境，老鼠焦虑。
Conclusion：玩轮子---》刺激脑子焦虑区---》变焦虑
思路：陌生环境是否影响？玩轮子真能刺激脑子焦虑区？
看完选项后发现B符合思路，可排除陌生环境影响
作者: 狗熊要吃肉 时间: 2024-4-15 10:48
第二题错误，正确为E
读完题后的思路有偏差，结论是 玩轮子---》刺激脑子焦虑区---》变焦虑，所以只要考虑这个逻辑链即可。不需要考虑陌生环境的影响
以上是我的想法，欢迎大家指正或者讨论
作者: xuelin99 时间: 2024-4-15 11:42
Mark一下！
作者: xuelin99 时间: 2024-4-15 11:52
D106
CR
1.解释题
P：致力于保护环境的老板鼓励厨师将濒危物种列入菜单，尽管高成本，回报低
C：坚持不懈的这样做
A：将濒危物种列入菜单提高大家的保护意识，备选
B：对濒危物种的需求增加，间接保护了动物，但是最后还是会危害动物
C：食用濒危动物是被限制的，所以影响很小，没有解释他这样做的原因
D：老板认为这样做会增加人工繁殖，减少野生压力，备选
E：食用濒危物种是传统，老板想保留，与环境无关
我的答案：A 正确答案：A
2.评价题
P：将老鼠放在有轮子的笼子里，之后将其放在一个陌生的环境，它们很焦虑
C：运动激活了它们这种焦虑
A：给老鼠镇定剂，观察焦虑水平是否降低，镇定剂会直接作用于焦虑
B：将老鼠放在相似的没有轮子的环境里，轮子是自愿使用的
C：让老鼠在熟悉和陌生的环境里选择，无关
D：都是没有轮子，不能检验运动的影响
E：服用药物，只能抑制被运动激活的部分，不影响其他，很好的控制变量
我的答案： E 正确答案：E
作者: E杀G必成功 时间: 2024-4-15 14:34
CR: AB(E)
DI: CCDCD(C) CBDCD
RC: CBBCB BAC
作者: setmefree1 时间: 2024-4-15 19:24
DAY106
CR
DE
RC
CBBCBBAC
- 社会民主和民主政府。社会民主的特点、含义
- 政治民主介绍
- 比较两者
作者: 杨翠花 时间: 2024-4-15 22:20
Mark一下！
作者: 一定700！ 时间: 2024-4-16 04:19
同意！
作者: 一定700！ 时间: 2024-4-16 04:50
Day 106
CR
1. A
restaurant owner -> EC -> encourage include ES
why?
A. include ES， raise public awareness
B. demand -> help survival 没法解释怎么帮助surivial
C. use is limited, 但还是会有影响
D. artificial breeding 没法帮助现在的ES
E. long standing culture, 没有解释怎么ES
2. D (E)
Rat -> RW -> anxiety in unfamiliar environment
hypothesized: exercise -> activate part of brain controlling anxiety
evaluate?
part of brain 和 anxiety 的关系 （与环境 familiar unfamiliar 关系不大）
A. 未提及
B. 未提及
C. 未提及
D. 没法test exercise的影响
E. brain 和 anxiety 都提到了 控制变量
RC
第一段： word demorcracy: social democracy and political domocracy
social democracy
第二段： political domocracy
第三段： 对比
1. C
main difference
第三段主要讲 对比， 定位在第三段前两句话
A. social is primate; political is artificial 出现在第一段和第二段
true, but not main difference
E. 说反了
2. B
3. B
4. E (C)
第二段“the people have not created the state; they merely control it.”
5. B
6. B
7. A
8. C
作者: xiaoyuzhou90 时间: 2024-4-16 07:15
CR
1 我的答案：A；一个已知的环保主义餐馆老板，却鼓励她的厨师和其它餐馆老板去增加濒危品种到菜单里面。这样做不仅增加很多成本而且也没有利润，但是她还是坚持这样做，为什么呢？---与利润无关---a, 把濒危品种加进菜单增加公众的**意识，从而为环保出力；b, 对濒危品种的做菜需求在增加，这样间接帮助餐厅的生存；c, 把濒危品种做成菜是有限制的，所以对它们数量的影响是小的；d, 她认为这样做最终会导致人工养殖的濒危品种，来减少野生的压力；e, 用濒危品种做菜是餐厅的传统，她想保持；
2 我的答案：d；将老鼠放进有轮子的笼子，它们轮流使用；随后将这些老鼠放进一个陌生环境，他们会产生严重的焦虑；科学家假设，运动会激活大脑中控制焦虑的部分，从而导致这个行为；---哪个评估这个假设？---d, 观察没用过轮子的老鼠被放进陌生环境的焦虑水平
作者: Eunice12 时间: 2024-4-16 08:53
D106
我的选项：AB
正确选项：
第一题：解释
Premise：一家餐饮店老板因为参与环境保护出名，鼓励她的厨师和其他餐饮老板在菜单中增加濒临灭绝的物种
Premise:这个做法会显著增加成本和没有利润，她坚持为此宣传
A:能解释
B:不能解释
C:不能解释
D:不能解释
E:不能解释
第二题：增强题
Premise：老鼠被放在有滚轮的笼子里，它们自愿使用他们
Premise：老鼠随后被放在不熟悉的环境，它们变得非常焦虑
Conclusion：运动能激活大脑中控制焦虑的部分，导致了这样的行为
有滚动轮子的笼子＝熟悉的环境，不动
不熟悉的环境，运动
让运动变量保持不变，控制其他因素（比如环境）
A:给老鼠服用镇静剂，看在不熟悉的环境中焦虑程度是否下降（因素：镇静剂、环境，不能证明是否与运动有关）
B:将老鼠放在没有滚轮的熟悉环境中，观测它们的焦虑程度
C:影响因素是环境，不能证明是否与运动有关
D:观测从未用过滚轮的老鼠在不熟悉环境的焦虑程度
E:这个实验证明的假设——大脑的某个区域控制焦虑，而不是证明假设——运动激活
作者: jeilham 时间: 2024-4-16 09:07
00000000000000
作者: 想跟G分手 时间: 2024-4-16 22:25
顶顶
作者: hyjsamantha 时间: 2024-4-17 01:17
看一下！
作者: hyjsamantha 时间: 2024-4-17 01:49
106 打卡
CR
1 E(A)
结论：一位热爱环境保护的主厨将濒危动物加入菜单增加成本，并不带来收益
解释原因（将濒危动物加入菜单的好处）
没看到爱护环境的assumption
2 D(E)
结论：老鼠的运动激活焦虑 问support
D 提供了对照组 即观察老鼠不运动是否会焦虑 可以support 但不如E更加直接
E 注射抑制运动后大脑被激活的部分，可以更直观的观察老鼠不被运动影响下的焦虑情况，变量控制的更加精细 正确
RC
CBBCBBAC
作者: Katelynns 时间: 2024-4-17 11:44
CR:
1.在菜单上加濒危灭绝的动物来保护endangered animals ABD对比选了D A是在菜单上加了这些濒危动物，提高大家的意识，仍然有可能有顾客点着吃，伤害这些动物啊。B是间接保护 D是这样做会促进人工breeding 但是问题在于这是belief, is it true though?
2.陌生环境会让老鼠焦虑→老鼠主动在转轮上跑 D 控制变量 对照试验
RC：ABBC BBAC
作者: leiyaqing1992 时间: 2024-4-20 03:00
Mark一下！
作者: gmatcantkillme 时间: 2024-4-20 14:06
Day 106
CR
explain - A
evaluate - D(E)
DI
P1: Railway revolutionized transportation
P2: Rapid expansion: efficient and cheap. Steam locomotives played a crucial role. advanced tech further enhanced.
P3: Cost reduction made rail transport more attractive
P4: French government played a role in the development of railway
P5: Shift from road to rail had an impact on economy and environment. Railway saved fuel, reduced congestion and facilitate growth, helped social and cultural, connected rural areas with urban centers
P6: Railway had challenges. Oppositions and safety concerns,
P7: impact of railway.
P8: development of railways played a crucial role
CCDC CB(C)BB(D) CD
作者: leiyaqing1992 时间: 2024-4-21 02:02
图
作者: fangjue987a 时间: 2024-4-21 14:55
Day 106
CR
1-A
2-B （E）
RC
1C
2B
3B
4C
5B
6B
7A
8C
作者: Yeelin椰林 时间: 2024-4-21 22:00
【RC】
ABBCBBAC
第一题选C，我只看了第一段就选了，答案应在最后一段。
结构：
1、介绍social democracy
2、介绍Political democracy
3、二者差异。
作者: Grapey 时间: 2024-4-21 22:44
打卡
作者: tdcq1993 时间: 2024-4-22 21:20
RC
第1段：民主一般有两个指代，社会的民主和民主的政府。两个指代从起源和原则上都有很大的差别。社会的民主源于一种原始的人人平等的状态，几乎无政府主义，全体人民选取的君王没有特权，可以接受指责并更换。
第2段：政治的民主是一种后期的、人造的产物，源于对贵族特权的对抗。人们在这种民主政府体制下有能力对不公进行反抗。
第3段：社会民主和政治民主在理想上也有区别，社会民主是一种纯粹的道德理想，而政治民主只是一种成为更好政府的手段。
（第2段和第3段都有几句话没看懂）
C、B、B、C、B、B、B、C
CR
D、D
作者: 时间哪 时间: 2024-4-24 09:30
CR：ab
第一题：现象解释>>找原因：濒危食谱和环保的关系>>a提供濒危动物食谱能够提高公众意识
第二题：果因推理评价>>他因削弱>>b选项验证是否是熟悉程度而非运动导致焦虑
作者: AI091943 时间: 2024-4-28 13:40
thx~
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