1 .CR
1. A renowned shampoo company, Company A, designed a triangular bottle with a gold label for its product. Another prestigious shampoo company, Company B, designed a similar triangular bottle, but with a black and white label. Despite the similarity, Company A did not file a lawsuit against Company B for infringement. Which of the following best supports the reason Company A did not pursue legal action?
A) Customers easily distinguish between the two products due to the color difference in the labels.
B) Company A's product is significantly more expensive than Company B's product.
C) Company A relies on the same retail chains as Company B to sell its shampoo.
D) Company A also produces other shampoos in different bottle shapes and labels.
E) The law does not protect against this type of design similarity in packaging.
2. A company, aiming to reduce medical insurance costs, introduces a weight loss incentive program for its employees, rewarding them based on the amount of weight lost. However, there are concerns that this program might create a negative incentive, as employees might intentionally gain weight first to then lose it for a greater reward.
Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument that the company's weight loss incentive program will lead to negative outcomes?
A. The program includes regular health check-ups to monitor the overall well-being of the participants.
B. The standard for measuring healthy weight will not change significantly in the coming years.
C. Employees believe they can lose any extra weight gained for the purpose of the program.
D. The cost of gaining and then losing weight is not less than the benefits gained from the program.
E. The company has a policy of penalizing employees who are found to be intentionally gaining weight.
3. Xiao Bai Zhan Ji and Da Zhu Ti Zi are two highly creative chefs known for their unique flavors. Xiao Bai Zhan Ji created a signature spicy chicken wing dish, while Da Zhu Ti Zi introduced a similar spicy chicken wing dish with a hint of sweetness. Despite the similarity in the spiciness of the chicken wings, Xiao Bai Zhan Ji did not raise any concerns towards Da Zhu Ti Zi. Which of the following best explains why Xiao Bai Zhan Ji did not raise any concerns?
A) Due to the subtle differences in flavor, customers can easily distinguish between the two chicken wing dishes.
B) Xiao Bai Zhan Ji's spicy chicken wings are much more expensive than Da Zhu Ti Zi's.
C) Xiao Bai Zhan Ji and Da Zhu Ti Zi sell their spicy chicken wings in the same food court.
D) Xiao Bai Zhan Ji also creates dishes with other flavors.
E) In culinary creation, this type of similarity in flavor is not protected by law.
4. Xiao Bai Zhan Ji, renowned for his creative ventures, introduces a unique perfume named "Coconut Sandalwood". This fragrance, with its innovative combination of citrus, coconut milk, and sandalwood, quickly captures the hearts of consumers. It not only becomes a personal favorite for many but also influences the fragrance industry with its unique blend. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument that "Coconut Sandalwood" will continue to be highly popular and set trends in the fragrance industry?
A) "Coconut Sandalwood" is created after extensive research into the emotional and psychological effects of its core scent components, which have been shown to induce relaxation and positivity.
B) Several influential figures in the fashion and beauty industry have endorsed "Coconut Sandalwood", praising its innovative scent profile.
C) The "Coconut Sandalwood" bottles are designed by renowned artists, combining environmental sustainability with artistic elegance, appealing to a wide audience.
D) Xiao Bai Zhan Ji has plans to partner with exotic botanical gardens for the sustainable sourcing of rare ingredients, adding an exclusive aspect to the fragrance.
E) Customer surveys reveal a high level of satisfaction with "Coconut Sandalwood", noting its lasting scent and the uniqueness of the fragrance blend, leading to high repeat purchase rates.
答案:
[attach]271714[/attach][attach]271715[/attach]
大猪蹄子和小白斩鸡
During the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BCE), China was divided into several rival states vying for supremacy. The state of Qi, located in present-day Shandong province, was one of the most powerful contenders. Under the leadership of Duke Huan of Qi, who reigned from 685-643 BCE, Qi underwent significant reforms and rose to become a dominant force.
Duke Huan appointed the philosopher Guan Zhong as his prime minister. Guan Zhong introduced several groundbreaking policies that strengthened Qi economically and militarily. He established a system of taxation based on land ownership, which provided a stable source of revenue for the state. Guan Zhong also implemented agricultural reforms, such as the use of iron tools and oxen for plowing, which increased crop yields.
Furthermore, Guan Zhong recognized the importance of commerce and encouraged the development of markets and trade. He standardized weights and measures throughout Qi, making it easier for merchants to conduct business. Qi's strategic location along the coast facilitated maritime trade, and Guan Zhong established Qi's first standing navy to protect merchant ships from piracy.
Militarily, Guan Zhong modernized Qi's army by introducing new weaponry, such as crossbows and cavalry units. He also emphasized the importance of discipline and training. Qi's formidable military allowed it to expand its territory and influence. At the height of its power, Qi had a population of over 730,000 households.
However, Qi's dominance was challenged by the state of Jin, located in present-day Shanxi province. Duke Wen of Jin, who reigned from 636-628 BCE, launched an invasion of Qi in 632 BCE. Although Qi had a larger army, Jin's forces were better trained and equipped. Guan Zhong advised Duke Huan to avoid direct confrontation and instead employ a defensive strategy, using Qi's walled cities and natural barriers to its advantage.
The war between Qi and Jin lasted for several years without a clear victor. In 630 BCE, representatives from Qi and Jin met to negotiate an end to the conflict. A compromise was reached in which Jin withdrew its forces in exchange for Qi ceding some disputed border territories. Following the resolution of the war, Qi shifted its focus to diplomacy and formed alliances with other states to counter Jin's influence.
Duke Huan's reign and Guan Zhong's reforms laid the foundation for Qi's continued prominence during the Spring and Autumn period. Qi's economic prosperity, military strength, and diplomatic ties allowed it to maintain its status as a major power. The rivalry between Qi and Jin, two of the most powerful states of the era, had a significant impact on the balance of power in ancient China.
Questions:
1. Which of the following was NOT a reform implemented by Guan Zhong during Duke Huan's reign?
A. Establishment of a taxation system based on land ownership
B. Introduction of iron tools and oxen for agriculture
C. Standardization of weights and measures to facilitate trade
D. Creation of a system of government-run schools
2. The passage suggests that Qi's strategic location along the coast allowed it to:
A. establish a powerful standing army
B. engage in maritime trade
C. form alliances with other coastal states
D. invade neighboring states by sea
3. According to the passage, which state challenged Qi's dominance during the Spring and Autumn period?
A. Qin
B. Chu
C. Yan
D. Jin
4. Based on the information provided, which of the following best describes the outcome of the war between Qi and Jin?
A. Qi emerged victorious and annexed Jin's territory
B. Jin decisively defeated Qi and ended its dominance
C. The war ended in a stalemate with a compromise settlement
D. Qi surrendered to Jin and became its vassal state
5. The passage indicates that Guan Zhong advised Duke Huan to employ which strategy during the war with Jin?
A. Launch a preemptive strike against Jin's forces
B. Engage Jin's army in a large-scale pitched battle
C. Adopt a defensive posture using Qi's fortifications and natural barriers
D. Seek military assistance from Qi's allies
6. According to the passage, which of the following was a factor in Jin's military success against Qi?
A. Superior numbers and resources
B. Advanced weaponry and tactics
C. Support from other rival states
D. Better training and equipment of its forces
7. The passage suggests that after the war with Jin, Qi:
A. focused on expanding its territory through conquest
B. experienced a period of economic decline and instability
C. engaged in diplomatic efforts and alliances to counter Jin
D. underwent further military reforms to strengthen its army
8. Based on the information provided, it can be inferred that Duke Huan's reign and Guan Zhong's reforms:
A. had little impact on Qi's long-term prosperity and power
B. were the sole factors in Qi's ability to resist Jin's invasion
C. contributed significantly to Qi's status as a major power
D. were ultimately unsuccessful in maintaining Qi's dominance
9. The population figure of 730,000 households in Qi is used in the passage to illustrate:
A. the effectiveness of Guan Zhong's agricultural reforms
B. Qi's military superiority over rival states
C. the extent of Qi's power and influence at its peak
D. the impact of the war with Jin on Qi's population
10. The compromise reached between Qi and Jin in 630 BCE involved:
A. Jin withdrawing its forces in exchange for Qi ceding some border territories
B. Qi paying tribute to Jin in exchange for peace
C. Jin and Qi agreeing to a mutual defense pact against other states
D. Qi and Jin dividing the disputed territories equally
3. RC
The mortgage interest income tax deduction, a long-standing feature of the U.S. tax code, ostensibly aims to promote homeownership and its associated positive externalities, such as reduced crime rates and enhanced community cohesion. However, a closer examination reveals that this deduction disproportionately benefits the affluent while creating perverse incentives and market distortions that ultimately prove detrimental to the nation's economic well-being.
One of the most glaring issues with the mortgage interest tax deduction is its inherent bias towards high-income earners. Since the deduction is applied directly to one's income, those with higher incomes stand to gain the most. The poorest segments of society, unable to afford home purchases, derive no benefit from this policy. Even among homeowners, the advantages are skewed, with wealthy individuals enjoying substantial tax breaks on the interest paid on their luxurious "McMansion" mortgages, while lower-income households receive minimal relief due to their lower income tax liabilities.
Furthermore, the deduction creates perverse incentives by encouraging high-income earners to purchase increasingly expensive homes and take on larger mortgages, as they are essentially subsidized to do so. This not only exacerbates income inequality but also contributes to the artificially inflated housing prices and the proliferation of "McMansions" that have become emblematic of the U.S. housing market's excesses.
A more rational approach would be to replace the mortgage interest tax deduction with a Housing Tax Credit. This cost-neutral solution would entail calculating the average cost per family under the current deduction and redistributing that amount as a standardized tax credit to any individual or family seeking to purchase a home. By providing a uniform nominal incentive regardless of income level, this policy would offer greater motivation for lower-income families to pursue homeownership while reducing taxpayer subsidies for the wealthy's extravagant mansion purchases. Moreover, by stimulating homeownership among lower-income households, this strategy could potentially aid in the recovery from the ongoing housing crisis.
As the nation grapples with the challenges posed by the current housing market and the inequities perpetuated by the tax code, it is imperative that the next administration demonstrates the foresight and political will to address these issues head-on. Reforming the mortgage interest income tax deduction and implementing a more equitable and efficient Housing Tax Credit would be a significant step towards creating a fairer, more sustainable housing market and a more prosperous future for all Americans.
1. The primary purpose of this passage is to:
(A) Advocate for the replacement of the mortgage interest tax deduction with a Housing Tax Credit.
(B) Explain how the mortgage interest tax deduction benefits high-income earners disproportionately.
(C) Argue that the mortgage interest tax deduction is a misguided policy that exacerbates income inequality and creates market distortions.
(D) Describe the positive externalities associated with homeownership, such as reduced crime rates and enhanced community cohesion.
(E) Discuss the challenges posed by the current housing market and the inequities perpetuated by the tax code.
2:According to the passage, which of the following statements about the mortgage interest tax deduction is true?
(A) It provides equal benefits to all homeowners, regardless of their income level.
(B) It encourages high-income earners to purchase increasingly expensive homes and take on larger mortgages.
(C) It contributes to the recovery from the ongoing housing crisis by stimulating homeownership among lower-income households.
(D) It is a cost-neutral solution that redistributes the average cost per family as a standardized tax credit.
(E) It effectively promotes homeownership and its associated positive externalities, such as reduced crime rates and enhanced community cohesion.
3. The author suggests that the mortgage interest tax deduction is inherently biased towards high-income earners because:
(A) The deduction is applied directly to one's income, so those with higher incomes benefit the most.
(B) Wealthy individuals can afford to purchase luxurious "McMansions" and claim substantial tax breaks on the interest paid.
(C) Lower-income households receive minimal relief due to their lower income tax liabilities.
(D) The poorest segments of society are unable to afford home purchases and thus derive no benefit from this policy.
(E) All of the above.
4. The passage suggests that the proliferation of "McMansions" in the U.S. housing market is a result of:
(A) The inherent bias of the mortgage interest tax deduction towards high-income earners.
(B) The perverse incentives created by the deduction, encouraging the purchase of increasingly expensive homes.
(C) The artificially inflated housing prices caused by the deduction.
(D) The excesses of the U.S. housing market.
(E) All of the above.
5:The author proposes replacing the mortgage interest tax deduction with a Housing Tax Credit in order to:
(A) Provide a uniform nominal incentive for homeownership regardless of income level.
(B) Reduce taxpayer subsidies for the wealthy's extravagant mansion purchases.
(C) Stimulate homeownership among lower-income households.
(D) Aid in the recovery from the ongoing housing crisis.
(E) All of the above.
6:The passage implies that the current housing market in the United States is characterized by:
(A) Artificially inflated housing prices.
(B) Proliferation of "McMansions."
(C) Excesses and inequities.
(D) Ongoing crisis.
(E) All of the above.
7:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of implementing a Housing Tax Credit?
(A) Encouraging lower-income families to pursue homeownership.
(B) Creating a fairer and more sustainable housing market.
(C) Promoting a more prosperous future for all Americans.
(D) Enhancing community cohesion and reducing crime rates.
(E) Reducing taxpayer subsidies for the wealthy's extravagant mansion purchases.
8:The author's tone in the passage can best be described as:
(A) Neutral and objective.
(B) Sarcastic and humorous.
(C) Passionate and advocative.
(D) Critical and persuasive.
(E) Nostalgic and sentimental.
RC:ABEEEEDD
纠错
第一题：正确选项C。第一段however后给出作者观点（？）或文章核心。认为MIITD是不好的
P1: mortgage interest tax deduction benefit the affluent（富人）while creating perverse incentives and market distortions that are detrimental to the nation’s economic well-being.
P2: poor people unable to purchase home derive no benefit from this policy while rich people gain the most. advantages are skewed（扭曲的，歪斜的）
P3: deduction encourage rich to buy increasingly expensive homes and take on larger mortgages. Exacerbate income inequality and artificially inflated housing prices and proliferation of McMansions（豪宅）
P4: solution:replace mortagage interest tax deduction with a HTC. offer greater motivation for lower-income families to buy house, reduce taxpayer subsidies for the wealth, aid ongoing house crisis.
P5: importance of reforming and MIITD and implementing HTC: create a dairer, more sustainable housing market and a more prosperous（繁荣的，富足的）future future for A 作者: 刘如是 时间: 2024-4-4 21:21
看一下！ 作者: Katelynns 时间: 2024-4-5 11:51
CR: ed
rc:
mortgage interest tax deduction has the potential to widen the wealth gap and distort the mkt
mtd benefits the wealth more than the poor and inflates the housing price
HTC is a good replacement and why
Why is it urgent for the US to adopt HTC
ABEEE EDD作者: 我是小酥皮 时间: 2024-4-5 16:03
CR：A E
1）演绎推理
P：A公司产品三角形瓶金标包装，B公司也设计了类似三角形包装但是为黑白标签
而A 公司并未因此对B公司提起侵权诉讼
Q：WHY？
2）方案推理
P：公司为降医疗成本而推出减肥激励计划
C：有人担心此计划将产生负面激励，因为可能有人故意增重再减重
RC：C B E E E E D D
P1：对美国税法中抵押贷款免税的正反作用评价
P2：具体分析其问题
P3：减税实则补贴了富人、加剧了收入不平等方面的问题
P4：替代方案
P5：作者对未来的建议 作者: 陌小夏 时间: 2024-4-5 18:50
DAY99
CR E（A） D （E）A C（A）
RC A（C） B E B （E）E E E（D） D
1-The mortgage interest income tax deduction事与愿违 带来负面影响
The mortgage interest income tax deduction抵押贷款利息所得税减免 tax code税法 ostensibly表面上externalities外部性perverse不合理的detrimental to对有害
2-One of the most glaring issues with the mortgage interest tax deduction is its inherent bias towards high-income earners.
skewed偏的 斜的 tax breaks税收优惠lower income tax liabilities较低的所得税负债
3-the deduction creates perverse incentives
emblematic 特征
4-A more rational approach would be to replace the mortgage interest tax deduction with a Housing Tax Credit.
entail牵涉nominal 名义extravagant无节制的
5- Reforming the mortgage interest income tax deduction and implementing a more equitable and efficient Housing Tax Credit
grapples with努力应对imperative迫切的foresight远见head-on正面作者: momomo219 时间: 2024-4-5 21:09
cr1:p:Company B, designed a similar triangular bottle, but with a black and white label.
c:Company A did not file a lawsuit against Company B for infringement.
选A) Customers easily distinguish between the two products due to the color difference in the labels. 未对a造成侵权因为消费者可以轻易分清他们
2p：rewarding them based on the amount of weight lost.
c：the company's weight loss incentive program will lead to negative outcomes
选E. The company has a policy of penalizing employees who are found to be intentionally gaining weight. 同因反果，削弱作者: setmefree1 时间: 2024-4-6 14:01
DAY99
CR
AD
RC
ABEEEEDD
- 抵押贷款利息的减少表面上好处，实际对富人有利，对国家经济不利
- 高低收入者的偏差在抵押贷款利息减少的体现，富人获益最多，实际穷人无获益
- 鼓励高收入者购买昂贵的房，获得更多的抵押贷款，加剧收入不平等
- 取代抵押贷款的是房屋税贷款，好处
- 下一届政府需要创造更公平更可持续的房屋市场和更繁荣的未来作者: jeilham 时间: 2024-4-6 15:17
000000000000000000作者: Kalendstyyyyyy 时间: 2024-4-6 18:40
CR
AE
作者: gmatcantkillme 时间: 2024-4-7 06:40
Day 99
CR
support （explain) - A
逻辑链：A has triangular bottle with gold label, B has similar bottle with black and white label – A did not sue
A和E不大确定
weaken - E
逻辑链：company reward employees for weight loss — employee gain then lose weight — negative incentive
A - 无关
B - 和标准无关
C - 增强
D - 与cost无关
E - 正确
RC
P1: mortgage interest income tax reduction may not good for the economy
P2: inherent bias towards high-income. The tax deduction is applied to one’s income.
P3: high income earners buy bigger house and take more mortgages, exacerbates income inequality and cause house price inflation
P4: replace it with housing tax credit, benefit lower income and reduce subsidies for rich people’s big houses. May aid in the housing crisis.
P5: Reform is needed
A(C)BEE EEDA(D) 作者: Jamie_ee 时间: 2024-4-7 17:50
CR
1. 文章主旨题，提到housing tax credit只是一个例子，更多还是以批判当下的tax deduction 政策为主要目的
2. 定位第二第三段： the deduction creates perverse incentives by encouraging high-income earners to purchase increasingly expensive homes and take on larger mortgages
3. 定位第二段
4. 文章第三段提到,抵押贷款利息税收抵免政策鼓励高收入者购买昂贵的房屋,导致了"McMansions"的激增,这与美国住房市场的过度有关。文章还暗示,该政策导致了房价的人为抬高。因此,选项A、B、C、D都是"McMansions"激增的原因
5. 定位文章第四段
6. 定位文章第四段
7. 综合全文看，没有提到housing tax credit可以降低犯罪率，降低犯罪率是第一段提到的目标
8. 作者是在批判政策并且试图说服改革 作者: Rosie2022 时间: 2024-4-8 00:36
感谢分享！ 作者: Rosie2022 时间: 2024-4-8 00:39
DAY 99
RC
- **Main Idea and structure:**
- P1: Mortgage IIT deduction is harmful to economy
- P2: MIIT direct impact: benefit high income earners, contribute to inequality
- P3: MIIT further impact: encourage rich to buy more, contribute to MMS
- P4: How to fix: HTC, how and impact-stimulate homeownership and save crisis
- P5: advocate on HTC
ABEEEEDD
CBEEEEDD
(1) 确实是以说明miit是被误解的政策, 实际上危害经济为核心展开的, advocate只在最后两段作者: Dimplerosie 时间: 2024-4-8 20:47
看一下！ 作者: Dimplerosie 时间: 2024-4-8 21:06
CR:
1. C: Despite the similarity, Company A did not file a lawsuit against Company B for infringement.
P: A=Gold label; B=similar bottle+ black and white label
My answer: E
Key: A
2. C: here are concerns that this program might create a negative incentive
P: employees might intentionally gain weight first to then lose it for a greater reward.
My answer: E
3. C: Xiao Bai Zhan Ji did not raise any concerns towards Da Zhu Ti Zi
P: the similarity in the spiciness of the chicken wings
My answer: A
4. C: "Coconut Sandalwood" will continue to be highly popular and set trends in the fragrance industry
P: It not only becomes a personal favorite for many but also influences the fragrance industry with its unique blend
My answer: D
Key: A
RC:
P-1: 抵押税减免在激励市场的同事也产生了不利于国家经济的诱因
P-2: 对高税收者的偏见是其争议之一
P-3: 这个还会激励高税收者买更贵的房子，进行更大的抵押
P-3: 用住房税收抵扣替代抵押利息税减免是更好的方式
P-4: 改善这种状况很有必要
我的答案：ABEEE ECC 作者: 一定700！ 时间: 2024-4-10 09:08
感谢分享！ 作者: 一定700！ 时间: 2024-4-10 09:24
CR
1. A
Company A -> triangular bottle with gold labels
Company B -> same
A not file lawsuit B
Why?
A. customer can distinguish , 不会给A公司带来形象
B. A more expensive than B, 削弱
C. same retail chain， 和包装 lawsuit 无关
D. other shampoo, 与现在的product无关
E. law doesnot protect. 不代表A不sue B， 没有A解释的直接
2. E
aim -> reduce MIC -> WL incentive -> reward on WL
Concern: intentionally gain weight -> WL -> more incentive
Weaken?
A. regular health check, 不避免gain weight, then WL
B. standard for measuring not change, 与WL incentive 无关
C. can loss extra, 与WL incentive无直接关系
D. cost of gain weight > reward on WL 无法直接削弱 concern （先保留）
E. policy of penalizing, 所以employee 避免gain weigjht -> WL 可以削弱， 比D更好
RC
1. A (C)
A, 只有小部分说了housing tax credit
C，篇幅占的更大
2. B
第二段第一句
3. E
第三段
4. E
第三段，第四段
5. E
倒数第二段
6. E
7. D
最后一段
8. A (D) 作者: sunsair 时间: 2024-4-10 16:11
EBAE
第一题有过类似的题，最直接的原因就是不保护外观，所以诉讼也没有用。
第二题，如果标准不变，那么即使员工先增重也无济于事。
第三题，俩人卖的鸡很像，但是小白的无人问津？因为还是可以辨别出来吧（小白山寨机？？？）
第四题，其实其他几个都可以加强，但是消费者的feedback还是最能说明问题的。作者: Rita糖糖 时间: 2024-4-10 23:48
CR
EDEE
RC
C(E), B, E, E, E, E, D,D
首段：贷款抵税本来是有好结果的但是仔细研究却发现其实起坏影响
论据和证据:
- Bias toward high income earner
- Encourage high income earner to purchase increasingly expensive homes, inflate housing
关键词:housing tax credit, high/low income earner, proliferation of "macmansion", inflation
作者目的:建议replace mortgage interest tax deduction with housing tax credit