ChaseDream

标题: 揽瓜阁训练营第九十一天（含CR，RC和DI题目） [打印本页]

作者: 小白斩鸡 时间: 2024-3-25 09:34
标题: 揽瓜阁训练营第九十一天（含CR，RC和DI题目）
之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～然后focus上线，IR需求大家也大。就想着把揽瓜阁的阅读逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡

每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新

RC题源：揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
CR题源：本月中文JJ改编
IR题源：往届鸡精改编

打卡内容：
一周打卡五篇，科目不限。
每天上午管理员群内发布题目，群成员做完提交打卡，第二天发布解析

打卡内容建议：
阅读：写文章结构、笔记
逻辑：写逻辑链分析
IR：写做题思路和选项分析

【现在你的笔记越全，越能帮助你捋清思路，之后回顾总结。】
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1.CR
1. "A study shows that English speakers have a lower accuracy rate in reading three-syllable words compared to Turkish speakers. This has been attributed to the complexity of English spelling. Which of the following, if true, best completes the argument?"
A) English has undergone several spelling reforms, but all have been overturned.
B) Turkish speakers are more frequently exposed to three-syllable words in their language.
C) Turkish language has a more consistent correlation between spelling and pronunciation compared to English.
D) English speakers perform better in reading one- and two-syllable words than three-syllable words.
E) Most English-speaking children are not introduced to three-syllable words until a later age.

2. "A scholar criticizes current research studies for using young people, specifically college students, as their primary sample. The scholar argues that there is no evidence to suggest that young people are representative of the entire population, thereby rendering the studies ineffective. A counterargument is made against this critique. What is the function of the counterargument?"
A) To suggest alternative methods for conducting research that include a more representative sample of the population.
B) To assert that there is also no evidence to suggest that young people are not representative of the entire population.
C) To highlight the practical difficulties of conducting research with a more diverse sample.
D) To emphasize the importance of focusing research on younger populations due to their influence on future trends.
E) To point out that most research studies acknowledge the limitations of using a non-representative sample

答案:

2.RC
When confronted with an unfamiliar food source, foragers face a dilemma: consume the food and risk potential toxicity, or avoid it and potentially forfeit a valuable resource. Birds typically exhibit "dietary wariness" in such situations, displaying a temporary aversion to approaching novel food (neophobia) and, in many cases, a more enduring reluctance to consume the new food (dietary conservatism), even after neophobia has subsided. The mechanisms controlling these processes, collectively termed "wariness," remain largely unexplored. This study presents a series of experiments investigating the deactivation and reactivation of wariness towards novel foods in domestic chicks, Gallus gallus domesticus, through varying experiences with colored foods of differing novelty and palatability.

The findings reveal that exposure to a single novel color of palatable chick crumbs was sufficient to deactivate both neophobia and dietary conservatism towards any other novel color of crumbs tested. Relatively brief exposure to a novel training food was necessary to deactivate neophobia, after which the birds would peck at any other novel food. However, significantly more extensive experience consuming a novel training food was required before the birds would incorporate other novel foods into their diet. Direct physical contact with the training food was necessary for chicks to overcome their wariness and consume another novel food, although observational learning was sufficient to encourage pecking behavior (overcoming neophobia). Reinstating wariness proved to be much more easily achieved than its deactivation.

These intriguing results are discussed in the context of foraging behavior in both wild and domestic birds. Prior research indicates that experience with a variety of food colors may reduce neophobic responses to a different novel color, provided the experience did not include unpalatable prey. For instance, chicks familiarized with red, yellow, and green food displayed significantly less hesitation in approaching and pecking at unfamiliar blue food compared to chicks without such experience (Jones 1986). Similarly, blue jays, Cyanocitta cristata, familiarized with either red or blue palatable seeds, as well as yellow seeds that were either palatable or unpalatable, were inhibited from expanding their diet to novel red or blue foods in the short term when exposed to unpalatable yellow novel food (Schlenoff 1984).

Surprisingly, the results also demonstrate that deactivation of both components of wariness required direct contact with the training food, with observational learning proving insufficient. This is unexpected given the highly social nature of chicks and evidence suggesting that they learn to identify foods from their mother through social facilitation (copying their mother's behavior) and possibly local enhancement (the mother directing the chick's attention to the food) (Wauters et al. 2002).

An alternative interpretation suggests that the birds may have formed a mental image of the food type (chick crumbs) upon initial encounter and learned to associate this image with edibility (Dukas and Kamil 2001; Blough 2002). Following experience with a novel color of this food, the chicks then generalized their mental image to accept similar-looking food of any color, with color ceasing to be a salient component of the food's mental image.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Birds exhibit dietary wariness when encountering unfamiliar food sources.
B) Deactivation of dietary wariness in chicks requires direct contact with novel food.
C) The study investigates the mechanisms controlling dietary wariness in domestic chicks.
D) Observational learning is insufficient for chicks to overcome dietary wariness.
E) The findings are discussed in relation to foraging behavior in wild and domestic birds.

2. According to the passage, what is dietary wariness composed of?
A) Neophobia and dietary conservatism
B) Social facilitation and local enhancement
C) Direct contact and observational learning
D) Palatable and unpalatable food experiences
E) Mental images and color associations

3. What did the study find regarding the deactivation of neophobia in chicks?
A) It required extensive experience with a novel training food.
B) It required direct physical contact with the training food.
C) It could be achieved through observational learning.
D) It required exposure to a single novel color of palatable chick crumbs.
E) It was more easily achieved than the deactivation of dietary conservatism.

4. According to the passage, what did Jones (1986) find regarding chicks' experience with food colors?
A) Chicks familiarized with red, yellow, and green food showed less hesitation towards novel blue food.
B) Chicks experienced with red, yellow, and green food displayed more hesitation towards novel colored food.
C) Chicks' experience with red, yellow, and green food was unrelated to their response to novel blue food.
D) Chicks only hesitated towards novel colored food after experiencing unpalatable prey.
E) Chicks' experience with various food colors increased their neophobia towards any novel colored food.

5. According to Schlenoff's (1984) study, under what condition did blue jays avoid expanding their diet to novel red or blue foods in the short term?
A) When they were familiarized with palatable red or blue seeds
B) When they were familiarized with palatable yellow seeds
C) When they were exposed to unpalatable yellow novel food
D) When they were exposed to both palatable and unpalatable yellow seeds
E) When they were exposed only to unpalatable yellow seeds

6. The study found that chicks required ________ to overcome their wariness of novel foods.
A) observational learning
B) social facilitation
C) local enhancement
D) direct contact with the training food
E) forming a mental image of the food

7. According to an alternative interpretation, how might chicks have generalized their mental image of food to accept similar-looking food of any color?
A) By associating color with edibility
B) By having color as a salient component of the food's mental image
C) By forming a mental image of the food type upon initial encounter
D) By altering their mental image following experience with a novel color of food
E) By learning to associate their mental image with edibility

8. What reason does the author provide for being surprised by the evidence that chicks learn to identify foods from their mother?
A) Chicks are highly social animals
B) Observational learning is insufficient for chicks to overcome wariness
C) Chicks learn through social facilitation and local enhancement
D) Chicks' dietary conservatism requires direct contact with food
E) Chicks form mental images of food

3.DI
The Chinese government is considering a bill that would mandate the exclusive use of open-source software across all government agencies. The bill, which has garnered significant attention from both proponents and critics, aims to reduce the reliance on proprietary software and promote greater transparency and accessibility in government operations.

Supporters of the bill argue that the adoption of open-source software would lead to substantial cost savings for the government. They cite a recent study conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which estimates that the government could save up to 20 billion yuan annually by switching to open-source alternatives. Furthermore, they contend that the use of open-source software would enhance security and reduce the risk of data breaches, as the source code is openly available for scrutiny and improvement by the community.

However, critics of the bill point out that the transition to open-source software would not be without challenges. A report by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology suggests that the migration process could take up to five years and cost the government an estimated 50 billion yuan in the short term. This cost includes expenses related to training, system integration, and potential compatibility issues between different open-source solutions.

Moreover, some experts argue that the bill's emphasis on open-source software could limit the government's access to cutting-edge technologies developed by proprietary software companies. They assert that a balanced approach, allowing for the use of both open-source and proprietary software, would be more beneficial in the long run.

In response to these concerns, supporters of the bill maintain that the long-term benefits of open-source adoption far outweigh the short-term challenges. They highlight the fact that open-source software is not only cost-effective but also promotes innovation and collaboration. By embracing open-source solutions, the Chinese government could foster a vibrant ecosystem of developers and contribute to the global open-source community.

As the debate continues, the Chinese government must carefully consider the potential implications of the proposed bill. The decision to mandate open-source software across all government agencies would have far-reaching consequences for the country's digital landscape and its ability to adapt to the rapidly evolving world of technology.

1. The primary objective of the proposed bill is to:
A) Reduce government spending on software
B) Enhance security and transparency in government operations
C) Promote innovation and collaboration in the software industry
D) Limit the government's access to proprietary technologies
E) Foster a vibrant ecosystem of open-source developers

2. According to the passage, which of the following is cited as a potential benefit of adopting open-source software?
A) Increased compatibility between different software solutions
B) Reduced risk of data breaches due to open source code
C) Access to cutting-edge technologies developed by proprietary software companies
D) Shorter migration process and lower short-term costs
E) Exclusive use of open-source software across all government agencies

3. The Chinese Academy of Sciences estimates that the government could save ________ annually by switching to open-source alternatives.
A) 5 billion yuan
B) 10 billion yuan
C) 15 billion yuan
D) 20 billion yuan
E) 25 billion yuan

4. Critics of the bill argue that the transition to open-source software could:
A) Take up to five years and cost the government an estimated 50 billion yuan in the short term
B) Lead to substantial cost savings for the government in the long run
C) Enhance security and reduce the risk of data breaches
D) Promote innovation and collaboration in the software industry
E) Foster a vibrant ecosystem of open-source developers

5. The passage suggests that a balanced approach, allowing for the use of both open-source and proprietary software, would be:
A) More cost-effective in the short term
B) Less secure and prone to data breaches
C) More beneficial in the long run
D) Opposed by supporters of the bill
E) Inconsistent with the global open-source community

6. According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology report, the estimated cost of migrating to open-source software includes:
A) Expenses related to training and system integration
B) Potential compatibility issues between different open-source solutions
C) The development of cutting-edge technologies
D) The creation of a vibrant ecosystem of developers
E) Both A and B

7. Supporters of the bill maintain that the long-term benefits of open-source adoption:
A) Are limited compared to the short-term challenges
B) Include reduced government spending on software
C) Outweigh the short-term challenges
D) Are primarily related to security and transparency
E) Have little impact on innovation and collaboration

8.The passage implies that the Chinese government's decision regarding the proposed bill will have:
A) Limited impact on the country's digital landscape
B) Far-reaching consequences for the country's digital landscape
C) No effect on the government's ability to adapt to evolving technology
D) A negative impact on the global open-source community
E) Immediate cost savings for the government

作者: E杀G必成功 时间: 2024-3-25 10:19
CR：CD
RC：CABAC DEC
DI：BBDAC ECB

作者: 徐公子~ 时间: 2024-3-25 10:36
CR1
我的答案：C
正确答案：C
P：三音节的词，英国人发音没有土耳其人发音准确
C：这是英语的拼写的复杂性导致的
预判：解释，需要解释拼写复杂性与发音准确性之间的关系
选项分析
A：英语经历多次拼写改革均告失败——无关
B：土耳其人更常碰到三音节词——无关
C：土耳其语的拼写和读音相比英语更一致——正确，解释了拼写和发音之间的关系
D：英语使用者读一音节和二音节相比三音节准确度更高——无关
E：接触三音节的年龄——无关

CR2
我的答案：B，针对样本的代表性反驳
正确答案：B

RC
我的答案：CADACDDA
正确答案：CADACDDB
文章类型：
文章主旨：讨论鸟类对食物谨慎性的形成机制以及调节方法
文章结构：
P1-介绍dietary wariness的概念和两个内涵：neophobia对新事物的抗拒，以及dietary conservatism对新食物的排斥。介绍实验目的、实验对象和方法。
P2-解除neophobia的必要条件是一定时间的观察训练，解除dietary conservatism则需要更长时间的吃训练用食
P3-介绍过往实验结论：习惯于不同的食物可以让鸟类更容易接受新颜色的食物
P4-让人惊讶的新实验结果：要同时接触dietary wariness的两个组成部分neophobia和dietary conservatism，单靠观察训练是不够的，直接接触是必需的。
P5-另一个解释是鸟类在初始接触到事物时就产生了食物的抽象形象，把这种形象与可食用性相联系。实验过后鸟类把食物的形象扩大到可以接受更多种颜色，使得颜色不会成为判断是否可食用的标志。

作者: gmatcantkillme 时间: 2024-3-25 10:42
Day91
CR
逻辑链：english speaker have lower accuracy compare to T – complexity of english spelling
A - 无关
B - 正确
C - 和拼写和发音无关
D - 无法推断
E- 无法推断

逻辑链：using young people as sample – young people can’t represent the population
A - 方法不影响逻辑链
B - 正确
C - 不影响逻辑链
D - 未来的趋势无关
E - 无关

RC
P1：birds dietary wariness, reluctance to consume new food. deactivation and reactivation of wariness
P2: exposure to single novel color was sufficient to deactivate. Reinstating wariness more easily than deactivation.
P3: result applies to both wild and domestic. Variety of color reduce neophobic
P4: deactivation required direct contract with training food. unexpected
P5: alternative interpretation: mental image upon initial encounter
CAB（D）A CDB（D）B

作者: Yeelin椰林 时间: 2024-3-25 10:42
【RC】
AACACDBC
文章结构：
1、研究家禽对于新食物的反应。
2、消除新食物警惕的几种方式。
3、食物颜色的影响。
4、令人惊讶的研究结果。
5、鸟类/家禽对于新食物的心理画像。

作者: CamiNew 时间: 2024-3-25 14:38
看一下！

作者: 为了G700 时间: 2024-3-25 14:53
Day 91 CR
第一题，选C，增强观点的选项。
P：研究表明，与土耳其语使用者相比，英语使用者阅读三音节单词的准确率较低, 这归因于英语拼写的复杂性。

A.英语经历了几次拼写改革，但都被推翻了.(无关）
B.说土耳其语的人更频繁地接触到他们语言中的三音节单词.(不能连贯英语拼写的复杂性之说。）
C.与英语相比，土耳其语的拼写和发音之间的相关性更加一致.(呼应英语拼写的复杂性，而且可解释为什么土耳其语使用者更准。）
D.说英语的人在阅读单音节和双音节单词方面比阅读三音节单词更好.(不能解释和土耳其语使用者的区别。）
E.大多数说英语的孩子直到以后才接触到三音节单词.(不能和土耳其比较）

第二题，❌选D，答案B。反驳和削弱结论，也就是用大学生研究是有效的。
P：学者批评现在的研究都选择年轻人，特别是大学生作为主要的样板，没有证据表明大学生可以代表整个群体，因此研究是无效的。

A.提出进行研究的替代方法，包括更具代表性的人群样本.(别的方法有效不能说明此方法有效。）
B.断言也没有证据表明年轻人不能代表整个人口.(没有证据这是吵架。）
C.强调使用更多样化的样本进行研究的实际困难.(相当于承认大学生不能代表全部的群体。）
D.强调将研究重点放在年轻人口上的重要性，因为他们对未来趋势有影响.(给出一个理由支持为什么选择大学生。）
E.大多数研究都承认使用非代表性样本的局限性.(不能反驳）

作者: chloeluoluo 时间: 2024-3-25 15:43
看一下！

作者: Bonet 时间: 2024-3-25 15:46
cr：cd（b）

作者: 为了G700 时间: 2024-3-25 16:16
Day91 RC
P1:遇到不熟悉的食物时，吃还是不吃。鸟类会呈现出的两种dietary wariness（dm),实验去求证这两种状态。
P2:研究结果显示，暴露于一种新颜色的可口小鸡屑足以使新恐惧症和对任何其他新颜色的面包屑的饮食保守主义deactive.
P3:继续做了野生和家禽的觅食行为研究。
P4：提出另外一种解释是心理印象。

1. C 中心是mechanisms controlling dietary wariness。
2. A 第一段解释dietary wariness。
3. D 第二段第一句。
4. A 细节题第三段
5. ❌E ，答案C。细节题第三段,答案没读清楚。
6. D 最后一段
7. ❌C，答案D. 最后一段，
8. ❌C，答案B. 倒数第二段最后一句，This is unexpected.

记单词：
deactivation：钝化
forfeit：丧失
dietary wariness：饮食谨慎
novel food：新奇的食物
a more enduring reluctance:更持久的不情愿
palatable：可口的
neophobia：新恐惧症
a temporary aversion：暂时的厌恶
deactivate:失去活力
edibility：可食用性
salient：Hidden隐蔽的

作者: Estella_j 时间: 2024-3-25 16:29
rc:
CAAACDCC

作者: 芋圆子 时间: 2024-3-25 17:13
ae

作者: Kalendstyyyyyy 时间: 2024-3-25 17:45
CR
CB

RC
CADACDB（D）B

作者: Alexandra-GMAT 时间: 2024-3-25 18:34
Mark一下！

作者: dualaria 时间: 2024-3-25 20:47
CR：
P1: 英语者比土耳其者有更低的正确率率，在读三音节单词上，因为他们英语拼写更复杂
C

P1：学者批判实验用年轻人作为对象
P2：他反驳没有证据证明年轻人是群体的代表，所以导致了实验的无效
反驳
B

作者: Alexandra-GMAT 时间: 2024-3-25 21:02
CR：两个都错了
RC：CAADACDBD（DB）
DI：BBDACECB

作者: Maxxiemoo00 时间: 2024-3-25 21:05
CR：
1、C
2、E（B）
年轻人做实验不具体有代表性，问反观点：
选的E，用年轻人做实验的时候知道不具有代表性，延申会有其他控制变量的方法
B 没有证据证明年轻人做实验不具体有代表性--抬杠？

RC
CAB(D)ACDC(D)B
P1 捕食者两难：冒着中毒的风险吃，还是丧失宝贵资源
鸟类显示出“dietary wariness”，暂时厌恶（n），或者在n之后愿意尝试新事物（dc），这种机制还有待研究，研究展示了相关实验，用不同新颖和美味程度的食物

P2 单一新颜色鸡肉比其他新颜色的面包屑更可以证明n还是dc。短暂接触也可以克服d。但是！在吃其他新食物前需要很多吃新食物的经验。直接的物理接触可以克服d。恢复警惕比解除警惕容易得多。

P3 家养还是野生动物
体验过多种颜色的食物，再面对新食物会较少恐惧。举例红黄食物吃得多，面对蓝食物更愿意尝试。
对红色蓝色好吃的种子，好吃和不好吃的黄色种子都熟悉的bj，面对不好吃的新黄色食物，被抑制扩展到吃新的红蓝色食物

P4 意外的是，n和dc都需要直接和食物接触，光观察是不够的。这很意外，因为鸡从母亲那里学会社会行为，模仿母亲行为，母亲指导小鸡对于食物的注意力
P5 鸟类可能在初次相遇时就形成了食物类型的心理图像，并学会了将这种图像与可食性联系起来。在体验了这种食物的新颜色后，小鸡们将自己的心理形象概括为接受任何颜色的相似食物，颜色不再是食物心理形象的显著组成部分。

DI
A(B)BDACECB

作者: pinx 时间: 2024-3-25 22:24
感谢分享！

作者: 杨翠花 时间: 2024-3-25 22:49
Mark一下！

作者: 杨翠花 时间: 2024-3-25 23:11
CR，答题卡：BB，答案：CB
1. P：因为英语拼写的复杂性
C：说英语的人比土耳其语人发三音节的准确性低
加强题，立场：说英语的人是比说土耳其语的三音节发音准确性低
我选B：土耳其语在他们的语言中更频繁地使用三音节
答案C：土耳其语在拼写和发音上相比英语更具有一致性【推断出英文拼写复杂，和发音没有一致性所以导致英语发不好三音节】

2. P：有学者批判现在的研究都选择年轻人作为主要样本，认为没有证据表明年轻人是整个群体的代表
C：所以认为这个研究不effective
削弱题，这个研究是effective的
我选B：并没有证据表明这些学生不是样本总体的代表

RC，答题卡：CADACDCB，答案：CADACDDB
文章共5段，篇章结构：提出鸟类dietary wariness这个概念，并且说这个原因在探索——描述一些实验发现的结果——就结果讨论得出来的一些结论

1. 提出鸟类dietary wariness这个概念，并且说这个原因在探索
- situation：面对新的食物，食用有中毒的风险，不食用就有错过食物资源的机会。
- Dietary wariness: 提出鸟类有这种现象，包括neophobia (接近新奇食物表现出的暂时性反应） & dietary conservation（对新食物的抗拒）
- 说原理未知，有一系列实验在调查面对新奇食物，鸟类的deactivation and reactivation of wariness

2. 实验结果和发现的意义
- 发现：接触单一的新奇颜色的chick crumbs 足以deactivate neophobia and dietary conservatism
- 发现：要deactivate neophbia 暴露在novel traing food是必要的
- HOWEVER 此处表示补充，说在鸟类把其他新奇食物作为他们的饮食之前，大量更广的新奇食物需要让它们接触
- 直接的物理性结束对于chicks来说是必要的，以克服他们的wariness，虽然观察是足够的
- Reinstating wariness比deactivation 要容易

3. 这些发现的后续讨论
- Jones: Chicks熟悉红色、黄色、绿色，在接触不熟悉的蓝色食物的时候不怎么犹豫
- Wauters: blue jays 熟悉要么红色要么蓝色或是黄色的，当暴露在不可口的黄色新奇食物面前，他们inhibited from expanding diet to red or blue

4. 作者对于这个实验结果的态度
- surprising & unexpected
- 原因：观察式学习是不足够的，但是却发现他们是模仿妈妈的行为学来的

5. 另一种解释观点
- mental image <——首次接触并且习得这个画面是可吃的
——> 小鸟概括出他们的mental image 以接受任何颜色相似的食物。

1. 文章主旨题
2. 定位第一段第二行：Birds typically exhibit "dietary wariness" in such situations, displaying a temporary aversion to approaching novel food (neophobia) and, in many cases, a more enduring reluctance to consume the new food (dietary conservatism),
3. 定位第二段第一句：he findings reveal that exposure to a single novel color of palatable chick crumbs was sufficient to deactivate both neophobia and dietary conservatism towards any other novel color of crumbs tested.
4. 定位第三段
5. 定位第三段
6. 定位第二段 direct physical contact
7. 定位第五段：形状相同，颜色不同
8. 定位第四段

作者: 陌小夏 时间: 2024-3-26 03:12
DAY91
CR C B
1-strengthen -探究原因
P： English speakers have a lower accuracy rate in reading three-syllable words compared to Turkish speakers
C：English spelling is complex（潜台词英语比土耳其语复杂）
C选项对比了Turkish language比English更有规律可循。

2- critique：there is no evidence to suggest that young people are representative of the entire population=> young people aren't representative of the entire population=>counterargument

RC C A DAC D E（D） B
1-main topic:This study presents a series of experiments investigating the deactivation and reactivation of wariness towards novel foods in domestic chicks
forfeit 丧失 wariness谨慎aversion厌恶neophobia厌新症a more enduring reluctance to 更持久的不愿意做…… subside平息collectively termed统称为deactivation and reactivation 停息和激活
2-findings ：exposure to a single novel color of palatable chick crumbs was sufficient to deactivate both neophobia and dietary conservatism reinstate=Restore 恢复
3-Prior research indicates that experience with a variety of food colors may reduce neophobic responses to a different novel color,
4- the results also demonstrate that deactivation of both components of wariness required direct contact with the training food, with observational learning proving insufficient.
5-An alternative interpretation。edibility 可食性；食用价值；食用性salient 突出的 ; 显著的 ; 最重要的

作者: hyjsamantha 时间: 2024-3-26 04:32
Mark一下！

作者: Kalendstyyyyyy 时间: 2024-3-26 08:11
DI
BBDACECB

作者: Eunice12 时间: 2024-3-26 08:53
我的选项：CD
正确选项：
第一题：增强题
conclusion:对比说土耳其的人，说英语的人在读三音节词汇的准确度更低
Premise：因为英语拼写更复杂
弥补gap：英语拼写复杂→土耳其语言的拼写/拼写与三音节词汇的关联→三音节准确度
A:英语经历了拼写变革，解释premise，而不是弥补gap
B:说土耳其的人更多接触三音节的词汇，割裂premise之间的联系
C:弥补gap
D:两音节——无关
E:无关
第二题：削弱题
Premise：当代研究以年轻人，主要是大学生作为主要样本，而年轻人在全体人口中不具有代表性
Conclusion：研究是无效的
Counter-conclusion：反对这样的言论
A:提出替代方案——排
B:纠结项
C:不能反驳
D:纠结
E:排

作者: hyjsamantha 时间: 2024-3-26 11:02
Day 91 打卡CR
C (纠结BCDE，但后来排除BDE觉得只是提到了一方没有提另一个国家，没有对比)
B

RC
CADACDDA(B)
最后一题没太认真审题，不应该错

作者: 我是小酥皮 时间: 2024-3-26 14:28
CR：D B （正确答案：C B）
1）果因推理
P：与T相比，读英语三音节词的准确性较低
C：这归因于英语拼写的复杂性
2）演绎推理
P：一学者批评以年轻人为主要样本的研究，认为无证据表明年轻人可代表整体人口
给出一反驳观点
Q：反驳作用

RC： C A B A C D A A（正确答案：CADACDDB）
P1：研究背景-鸟类的饮食谨慎
P2：研究结果分析-消除恐惧
P3：样本分析、举例
P4：训练学习-发现小鸡高度社会性
P5：另一解释-心理图像

作者: 麦麦mich 时间: 2024-3-26 16:50
Mark一下！

作者: Daisyxxxxxy 时间: 2024-3-26 20:05
D91

CR
1. C 相较于英语，土耳其语在拼和发音间有更紧密的联系
2. E 指出大多数研究其实接受了没有代表性的样本的参与

RC
1. A 其他都以偏概全
2. A 第一段可得
3. D 原文
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. E
8. C

DI
1. B 第一段最后一句
2. B 由第二段支持者言论可得
3. D 原文可得无需计算
4. A 第三段原文
5. C
6. E
7. C
8. B

作者: qian0324 时间: 2024-3-27 10:45
CR
（1）C
题干：
P: 说英语的人在说三个音节的单词的时候准确率很低。不如说Turkush的人。
C: 原因是英语的拼写复杂度。
立场：完成argument。相当于加强继续论述“受到拼写复杂度影响导致英语的三音节发音准确率低于Turkish”
选项：
C: Turkish的拼写和发音的关联度更高。（补上了Turkish三音节发音准确率高和拼写复杂度影响之间的关系正确）

（2）B
题干：
P: 有学者说现在的调查研究用年轻人当做对象不对。因为无法证明年轻人能代表全体。
C: 因此这样的研究无效。
立场：反驳的argument。
选项：
B: 没有证据证明年轻人不能代表全体。

RC
文章结构：
P1 鸟遇到新的事物会面临一个两难的选择：要么就冒着风险吃掉要么就规避风险但是放弃事物。关于家养鸟的这种面对新事物的谨慎后边有研究。
P2 讲如何克服这种心理呢？直接的物理接触比较有效。
P3 还发现鸟如果本身吃的多样性比较好就会更愿意尝试新的食物，不然尝试新食物的意愿就会比较低。
P4 有的鸟是通过模仿妈妈的行为来学会拓展新的食物。
P5 也有一种解读说是鸟是通过经验把新事物的颜色和可使用性联系起来了。

做题：
C; A; A错选D; A; C; D; B错选D; C错选B

作者: tdcq1993 时间: 2024-3-27 19:36
RC
第1段：鸟类面对新食物往往会很谨慎，体现在避免接触和拒绝食用两个方面。这篇文章研究了对新食物谨慎行为强弱的背后逻辑。
第2段：研究发现使鸟类接触新食物可以弱化谨慎行为，短期可以愿意接触，长期可以愿意食用。虽然通过观察可以使得鸟类愿意接触新食物，但是直接接触可以克服2方面的谨慎行为。
第3段：鸟类如果有接触多颜色食物的经历，更愿意去尝试新颜色的食物，但前提是前期的多颜色食物好吃，否则还是不愿意吃新颜色食物。
第4段：鸟类只能通过直接接触而不是观察弱化2方面的谨慎行为，这个现象和鸟类的群体行为不太一样。
第5段：另一种解释说鸟类将可食用的食物在意识中形成图像，来匹配其他东西是否可食用，这个图像中颜色不是重要的要素。
C、A、C、A、D、D、C、B

CR
和说土耳其语的人相比，说英语的人更难准确地发出三个音节的单词
因为英语的拼写的复杂性
问加强
B：土耳其人更多的接触三音节单词，所以更熟悉

一个学者抨击说最近的研究对象很多都是年轻人，但是没有证据表明年轻人能够代表整个群体，所以导致研究缺乏说服力
有反对声音
问反对的方向
D：强调聚焦年轻人的重要性，代表了未来的趋势

作者: xuelin99 时间: 2024-3-27 20:41
同意！

作者: xuelin99 时间: 2024-3-27 21:12
1.加强题
P：一项研究表明，英语使用者阅读三音节单词的准确率低于土耳其语使用者。
C：这归因于英语拼写的复杂性。
A：英语拼写改革，但没有直接解决拼写复杂性和阅读准确性之间的相关性
B：三音节单词的接触，但没有解决拼写和发音之间的关系
C：直接解决了为什么说英语的人准确率比说土耳其语的人低的原因。归因于英语拼写的复杂性
D：阅读不同类型单词的表现，无关
E：接触三音节单词的时间
我的答案：C 正确答案：C
2.作用题
P：一位学者批评当前的研究以年轻人，特别是大学生为主要样本。这位学者认为，没有证据表明年轻人代表了整个人口，因此这些研究无效。
C：有人对这一批评提出了反驳
A：采用包括更具代表性的人口样本的方法，相反
B：也没有证据表明年轻人不代表整个人口，备选
C：用更多样化的样本进行研究的实际困难，没有提到困难
D：将研究重点放在年轻人群上的重要性，重要性不对
E：多数研究都承认使用非代表性样本的局限性，相反
我的答案：B 正确答案：B

作者: setmefree1 时间: 2024-3-27 22:34
DAY91
CR
CB
RC
CADACDDC
- 面对陌生的食物来源，觅食者面临困境，冒着风险消耗食物还是放弃食物。鸟类出现警惕性
- 尽管鸡观察学习来促进啄食行为（克服警惕），鸡直接物理接触训练食物是必须的来克服警惕并消耗另外新奇的食物
- 先前的研究表明，如果不包括不愉快的捕猎，许多食物颜色体验的经历可能减少看到不同新奇颜色警惕反应
- 结果也证实了警惕去活跃需要直接接触训练食物，观察学习被证明是不够的
- 另一种解释表明，鸟类可能在初次接触时就形成了一种食物类型的心理形象，学会了将其与可食用性联系起来

作者: 有机盐 时间: 2024-3-29 18:29
Mark一下！

作者: Katelynns 时间: 2024-3-30 10:46
CR: 1. C 2.D counterargument应指出为什么选择younger population有代表性
RC：
wariness meaning and the study looks into the 2 mechanisms in domestic chicks
exposure may help deactivate 2 conservatisms
experience with various food colors reduces neophobia
direct contact matters
interpretation: the mental image of food type
CADAC DDC
DI: supporters VS critics over the proposed bill
BBDAC ECB

作者: Jamie_ee 时间: 2024-3-30 15:29
CR

1. 可以理解为Strengthen题
选C，加强了spelling和reading之间的关系

2. 句子作用题
选B，和前面的反着来

作者: Emma醬 时间: 2024-3-30 22:07
Mark一下！

作者: Emma醬 时间: 2024-3-30 22:09
91.
1.C (比较了T & E的不同）
2.B

RC:
1.提出一个情形，面对新事物的困境（吃-可能中毒/不吃）。像鸟一样
2.实验发展鸟类的warniness，先靠近
3.不仅作用与野外，也作用的养殖鸟。对于熟悉的实物比不熟悉的吃起来快
4.惊讶发现，检测行为也受妈妈鸟影响
5.另一个解释是鸟类存储实物图像，然后进行匹配，颜色不是最重要的

1.E (C)
2.A
3.D
4.A
5.A (C)
6.A (D)
7.C (D)
8.C(B)

作者: leiyaqing1992 时间: 2024-3-30 22:21
Mark一下！

作者: sunsair 时间: 2024-3-31 14:18
CB
第一题是跟两种语言都有关系。土耳其语的精确度更高就说明在拼读上更一致。
第二题是直接反驳回去，如果不是B那就是D，因为D是正面说这种方法的优势，B是讲这种方法没有证据证明是不对的。我知道有可能选错了，但是我也不知道选啥了，就这样吧，没爱了。

作者: leiyaqing1992 时间: 2024-3-31 17:42
图

作者: 时间哪 时间: 2024-4-1 09:30
Rc: caeacdea
CR: dd

作者: Grapey 时间: 2024-4-1 22:25
打卡

作者: entertaininguse 时间: 2024-4-2 11:46
感谢分享！

作者: fangjue987a 时间: 2024-4-3 09:02

Day 91

F- E speaker has a lower accuracy rate in reading 3-R words than Turkish speaker

P-

C- English spelling is complex

Q- P?

D （B）

F- a study use college students as primacy sample

P- college students cannot reflect the entire population

C- the study is ineffective

Q- weaken

A- college students can reflect the entire population

E （C）

E （D）

D（B）

P1- birds diary wariness remain unexplored, recent study show deactivate and reactivate of bird wariness

P2- expose to a single novel color can deactivate, training is necessary to have chick peck other color, but observational learning is sufficient to overcome Ne

P3- previous experiments says birds are likely to expand same color, but when birds encounter same color but unplatable food, they will exhibit N

P4- Conclusion-

P5- deactivation need direct contact, meaning the habit starts from contact with their mother

P6- birds formed mental image of food rather than the color of the food

作者: Sususuu 时间: 2024-4-3 13:40
CR: 1.B 2.D
RC: ACDACDCA

作者: Rita糖糖 时间: 2024-4-4 09:19
CR
C, D

RC

B(C),A,D,A,C,D,D,B

- Birds exhibit dietary wariness. The study have series of experiments investigating the deactivation and reactivation of wariness
- Exposure to single novel color of palatable food is sufficient to deactive neophobia, but it need exposure of training food. Significant exposure and physical contact is required to overcome wariness.
- Experience with varity of food color may reduce neophobic response. Give example
- Deactivation of wariness required direct contact with training food, observational learning is inefficient.. this is unexpected.
- Talk about other interpretation of this unexpected outcome — birds formed a mental image of food type. When experience with noval color, they generalize the mental image to accept similar looking food with all different color.

作者: jeilham 时间: 2024-4-6 16:30
00000000000000

作者: 來不及 时间: 2024-4-14 23:56
[attach]271768[/attach][attach]271767[/attach]

作者: Blair1001 时间: 2024-4-21 15:56
第九十一天
CR
美国人阅读三个字母的准确性低于土耳其，是因为英文拼写的复杂性。结论题
？（答案c音节和拼写一致性，增加了三个字母的准确性）
批评运用大学生作为主要研究例子，因为大学生不能代表整个人群，导致研究无效。对立观点否定了这个批评。对立观点的作用？b
RC
为了避免中毒，鸟在创新食物是抗拒的。
训练鸟尝试创新颜色的食物。
尝试过多种颜色食物的鸟，能够减少neophobic（避免食物）反应。
这是一种天性，不能后天养成。
DI
鸟会形成食物的心里图片，尝试创新食物后可能会试着接受类似食物。
主旨题 b（答案c）
a
a（答案d Relatively brief exposure to a novel training food was necessary to deactivate neophobia,after which the birds would peck at anyother novel food.）
a
c
e（答案d However, significantly more extensive experience consuming a novel training food was reguired before the birds would incorporate other novel foods into their diet.）
e（答案d 原文Folowing experience with a novel color of this food, the chicks then generalized their mental image to accept sinilar-looking food of any color, with color ceasing to be a salient component of the food's rmental image）
b
di
d 原文的改写，原文是减少对proprietary software的依赖，而不是减少对software 技术的接近（答案b 原文 The bill, which has garnered significant attention from both proponents and critics, aims to reduce the reliance on proprietary software and promote greater transparency and accessibility in government operations.）
b
d
a
c
e
c
b
词汇
reinstate v 重述
deactivation n 钝化
proprietary a 专利的

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