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标题: [揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day17 [打印本页]
作者: Ysandre 时间: 2022-10-6 01:57
标题: [揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day17
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作者: maay 时间: 2022-10-6 03:40
看一下！
作者: anduyin 时间: 2022-10-6 08:22
看一下！
作者: xkxkxkk 时间: 2022-10-6 08:47
看一下！
作者: anduyin 时间: 2022-10-6 09:11
Mark一下！
作者: anduyin 时间: 2022-10-6 09:11
Day 17
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
P：晒灯是UVA，太阳里有UVB，UVC，后者对人体有害
C：建议晒皮肤去晒灯而不是晒太阳
猜测：找出UVA在晒皮肤的过程中也会导致损伤
答案：晒皮肤是个长时间的过程，UVA长期接触也会对皮肤造成损害
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
P：乡下的离渔场近，进价便宜，生意的开销和城里大店一样
异常点：城乡小点的生意不好
猜测：乡下小点的好处是价格比城里的便宜，那么有一个坏处要大过好处人家才不来
答案：
（1）这家店太偏僻，人家找不到 （2）这家店的饭巨难吃，服务员态度还差劲
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
P：之前说使用铅的水管会导致这个身体不好
异常：咱们发现当时使用这个的很少铅中毒。
C：管道不是主要的原因
咱们要找的点：虽然铅中毒少了，但是身体问题还是和铅管道有关
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning? D
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.（这是加强）
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.（这个反现象不行）
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases（这个和铅没有关系了）
作者: xkxkxkk 时间: 2022-10-6 09:20
Day17
作者: 一只小白 时间: 2022-10-6 10:29
顶
作者: lulululuyee 时间: 2022-10-6 10:32
看一下！
作者: hs999 时间: 2022-10-6 10:35
Mark一下！
作者: 曼特宁1213 时间: 2022-10-6 10:35
看一下
作者: 一只小白 时间: 2022-10-6 10:35
1. uvb uvc其实无法进入人体。晒灯的危害其实更大
2. 交通不便利，来的顾客少
3.A
作者: 去很多地方 时间: 2022-10-6 10:39
作者: 在水里睡觉 时间: 2022-10-6 10:43
同意！
作者: 揸fit人 时间: 2022-10-6 10:47
看一下！
作者: 曼特宁1213 时间: 2022-10-6 10:48
Day 17
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
————————————
1⃣️UVB和UVC可以通过一定手段防御，如防晒霜
2⃣️晒灯里有其他成分，有害性大于或等于UVB和UVA
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
————————————
cost少，revenue差，那么就是sales不好。从供需关系上找原因。
1⃣️乡下小店面对的客群少（周边居民少、居民有其他方式吃到鱼等）
2⃣️乡下小店供给不如城里，导致大家宁可去城里买（城里可以直接烹饪、还有其他地方的鱼类可选等）
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.✅
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
作者: hs999 时间: 2022-10-6 10:53
Day 17 打卡
1. 晒皮肤
太阳的坏处可以解决掉&灯还有其他不知道的危害
①UVB,UVC可以在晒太阳的过程中被其他物质或者过程分解掉，从而解除对人体的危害
②灯中含有其他对人体有害的物质
2. 乡下的小鱼场
成本=生意上的开销+进价成本+其他未提及成本
收入=卖鱼收入=销量*单价【需要继续展开】
收入不好可能指利润低，也可能指收入低
收入低→乡下小店有其他缺点，导致收入低
①乡下小店离居住区太远或者其他交通上的不便，导致客流量少
②乡下小店卫生条件或者其他服务条件不好，导致人们不愿意购买
④乡下鱼的单价低
利润低→收入低&成本高：
③乡下小店的其他未提及成本高，例如储藏条件不好导致鱼经常死掉，增加了成本
3. Lead 会不会生病
铅管道——水含铅——铅中毒；但是最近研究结果不符合上述推理，同因反果
质疑最近研究的相关性，指出两次实验之间的区别【尤其是原文提到有些地方，那么应该是这些地方有特殊之处】
A选项，指出某些地方水中的矿物质形成保护层防止铅泄露，进而解释为什么这些地方即使有铅管道但是没有铅中毒
【变体题】一段时间用 lead pipe 送水无中毒迹象 → lead 不会造成 XX 病
显然，写下逻辑链之后，就很清楚了。我们已知的事实是 lead pipe 送水，而结论 直接升华为 lead；事实是无中毒，结论是造成 XX 病。显然，条件到结论在这两个概念上有 了跳跃，所以，只要说明这个跳跃不成立，那就是最好的削弱了
①可能的选项应该是暗示 lead pipe 和 lead 是两回事，比如，lead 不会溶于 水中啊，一般饮用的水中含有的某个元素可以抵制 lead 对人体的危害啊，人们喝水会煮沸 于是 lead 没危害了啊等等。
②不中毒≠不得病
作者: 在水里睡觉 时间: 2022-10-6 10:57
削弱：只晒UVA，黑的慢，为了达到同样的黑色效果，要晒很大剂量的UVA，造成的伤害更大
乡下人少/乡里人没有城里人爱吃海鲜
A
P地下水道是铅主要来源
F作者研究的用了铅管道的地方，人们并没有铅堆积
C和管道无关
问削弱：那就硬凑，是什么影响了管道里的铅没有进入人体
作者: 盐盐小羊 时间: 2022-10-6 11:07
kk
作者: 盐盐小羊 时间: 2022-10-6 11:12
1.uva比uvb/uvc危害更大更致命（在别的方面
2.乡下客流量小/单条鱼利润微薄
3.A
外面的壳子可以避免管子的铅溶进水，确实是管子上的铅导致的
作者: George_chen 时间: 2022-10-6 11:15
看一下！
作者: 揸fit人 时间: 2022-10-6 11:28
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
太阳还有其他晒灯没有的优点，同时UVA也不完全无害
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
顾客过来的交通成本太高
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?D
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
作者: miawang00088 时间: 2022-10-6 11:35
看一下！
作者: kkkllll 时间: 2022-10-6 11:35
看一下！
作者: George_chen 时间: 2022-10-6 11:36
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
P: 太阳光有UVB，UVC对人体有害物质
C：晒皮肤去晒灯不要晒太阳
GAP：1、正常晒太阳UVB，UVC有害物质很低，很难对人体造成伤害；2、找晒太阳的好处 3、找晒灯的危害；
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
P: 乡下小店由于离渔场近，成本低
C：生意不好
GAP：1、乡下消费者少 2、虽然成本低，乡下人收入也低
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?A
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
水管里的lead会造成水污染导致健康问题
调查几个大城市都没有这个问题，所以水管不是culprit
gap: 可能水管里含铅量少
作者: 言言不吃盐 时间: 2022-10-6 11:45
同意！
作者: 言言不吃盐 时间: 2022-10-6 11:50
Day 17
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
UVA对人体也有害
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
小店质量没保证；离顾客距离远，交通不便利
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
作者: kkkllll 时间: 2022-10-6 11:50
Day 17
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
UVA也有害处，要达到相同程度的皮肤结果，晒灯需要的时间要长于晒太阳，总的危害就不比太阳少
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
乡下小店环境不好or打广告打的少，所以吸引不来那么多的顾客
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning? A
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes. 为什么reviewer的research没有发现人们中毒是因为形成了protective coating
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
作者: Zoe1013 时间: 2022-10-6 12:00
看一下！
作者: lulululuyee 时间: 2022-10-6 12:26
D17
晒皮肤
• P：太阳里面还有很多UVB UVC 对人体有害
• C：要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳
• Weaken：证明晒灯也有不好的，比如UVA会转化成有害的物质/ 证明太阳光没有那么大危害，比如有别的物质会中和UVB UVC的作用
乡下的小鱼场
• Gap：生意不好意味着收入低，小店成本低不代表收入高，可能是店的位置离消费者太远/ 不会做marketing / 价格没有优势等能影响收入的原因
Lead 会不会生病
• P：有些地方的人们没有铅中毒的症状
• C：管道不是造成铅中毒的原因
• Weaken：选A，水里的矿物质形成保护膜隔离了管道里的铅
作者: 林limbo 时间: 2022-10-6 12:51
看一下！
作者: 林limbo 时间: 2022-10-6 12:59
1、考虑说明晒灯有其他副作用或者UVB/UVC本身并没有多大的危害
2、市场需求小/消费者支付能力低/消费者偏好较弱等原因
3、这个地方的人喝水吸收铅的能力较差/不怎么用水管而是使用井水或者雨水/水管里的铅不一定会溶解到水里等原因
A
作者: zzz1. 时间: 2022-10-6 13:16
看一下！
作者: zzz1. 时间: 2022-10-6 13:29
1.晒皮肤
P：晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,对人体有害的
C：晒皮肤要晒灯不要直接晒太阳
Q：削弱
晒灯有其他更不好的危害
要在太阳底下暴露多久，UVB\UVC才会对人体有害
2.乡下的小鱼场
乡下小店：离渔场近，进价便宜，生意开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好
Q：为什么
售价和大店一样，距离远客人少
3.Lead会不会生病
F：19.20世纪很多人铅中毒
P：主要原因是城市运水系统用铅水管，导致水里含铅。
研究发现那个时期其他地方的人没有铅中毒迹象
C：水管不可能是主要原因
Q：解释
其他地方水质不同
作者: Ak777 时间: 2022-10-6 13:43
同意！
作者: Ak777 时间: 2022-10-6 13:59
Day 17
1.晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
-UVA或许无害，但是妨碍人们达成晒皮肤的初衷
-有日照的地方都没有晒灯
-人们晒灯后，可能会不可避免地再次受到日光照射，过量照射诱发皮肤癌
2.乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
-离渔场过于近，消费者直接去渔场购买了
-乡下的居民大多都是渔民，不用买鱼
-店太小给人不新鲜的错觉，宁愿去大店买
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
作者: ElodieZHU 时间: 2022-10-6 14:38
同意！
作者: tizo 时间: 2022-10-6 14:39
12
作者: tizo 时间: 2022-10-6 14:56
Day17
1.晒皮肤
P：因为阳光中除了UVA，还有对人有害的UVB，UVC
C：不要晒太阳，去晒灯
分析：人去晒太阳只是为了获取UVA么，如果不是，是不是晒灯不能达到同样效果
削弱：阳光中含有其他UVA之外的物质，对人体有益；
2.乡下的小鱼场
乡下渔场进价便宜，开销一样，为什么生意不好
原因分析：顾客不够多；服务不够好；鱼的种类不一样等
3.lead会不会生病
D
分析：样本可能数量太少，不具备代表性
作者: 灵运意合 时间: 2022-10-6 15:09
顶
作者: 格温呆呆 时间: 2022-10-6 15:32
加油！
作者: 灵运意合 时间: 2022-10-6 15:45
Day 17
1. 晒灯有其他副作用
晒灯真的能达到晒皮肤的作用
不是所有人都能晒灯
太阳里UVB\UVC含量低对人类无害
2. 利润=收入-成本
成本一样，说明收入低，收入=单价*数量
鱼的单价低
乡下太远、做的不好吃等原因，导致没客流
3. 果：铅导致公共卫生问题
因：铅来自用了铅管的下水道系统，从而影响供水系统
argue：有一些用铅管的城市没有铅中毒的现象，所以铅管不是罪魁祸首。
削弱argue：
A：correct，因为有保护层（铅管上的铅没有进入下水系统）
B\C\E：都是它因，加强了argue
D：有点类似相关因果，不一定成立
作者: 格温呆呆 时间: 2022-10-6 15:48
1. 晒太阳
p因为太阳光里有成分有害，
c所以不晒太阳去晒灯。
cq：人们不在意太阳光里的有害成分；
人们晒太阳是为了别的好处，该好处大于了晒太阳的坏处
2.去乡村不方便；客人少；去乡村路费贵
3.weaken水管不是主要原因，找水管是主要原因的选项，A选项
作者: 佛系A子在線讀書 时间: 2022-10-6 15:53
看一下！
作者: ElodieZHU 时间: 2022-10-6 15:59
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
P1:晒灯大部分是UVA，晒太阳还有UVB UVC
P2:UVB UVC对人体有害
C：应该选择晒灯而不是晒太阳
削弱：晒太阳更有效/UVBUVC都很微量不足以有严重的影响
①B 有更致命的缺点；②A 有 B 没有的有点
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
P：乡下小店离渔场近，进价便宜，生意上的开销和大店一样
C：生意依然不好
GAP：影响生意的其他因素，除了进价和运输成本
猜测：乡下消费者少，人们都自给自足了
渔场收入＝总收益－总支出＝(鱼的单价－鱼的进价)×卖出的量－各种开销
单价/卖出的量两个方面找原因
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure. 错误，在问削弱reveiwer的论证，即没有导致铅中毒能不能说管道不是主要原因，没有问其他症状；如果是得这个病没有中毒迹象，不知道是不是可以
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
书作者：在一段时期lead导致了很多健康问题，主要是因为城市供水系统管道lead泄漏
reviewer：化验了用lead管道的城市居民，发现很多没有lead中毒症状；C：pipes不是主要原因
逻辑链：用lead pipe没有lead中毒迹象-pipes不是健康问题的主要原因
削弱就是打破逻辑链！
lead pipes - lead ； 没中毒迹象-没有健康问题
1.lead 不会溶于水中啊，一般饮用的水中含有的某个元素可以抵制 lead 对人体的危害啊，人们喝水会煮沸于是 lead 没危害了
2.其他导致的健康问题没有中毒迹象
作者: Pc700 时间: 2022-10-6 16:36
同意！
作者: charming- 时间: 2022-10-6 16:44
Mark一下！
作者: charming- 时间: 2022-10-6 16:58
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
直接晒灯容易晒伤，因为UVA浓度过高
文章说两种方法 A 和 B，其中告诉你 A 有一个缺点，于是得出结论，要用 B。
这时候需要削弱的话，那么就去找选项，能够支持“应该用 A 更好”的选项，显然就是削弱了文章的观点。这类选项不外乎两种大的方向：
①B 有更致命的缺点；②A 有 B 没有的有点。
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
乡下人买鱼很少，可以自己捕鱼？
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
1、铅水管送水不等于水里有铅：
o lead 不会溶于水中，
o 一般饮用的水中含有的某个元素可以抵制 lead 对人体的危害，
o 人们喝水会煮沸
2、没中毒，造成其他病-- XX 病并没有中毒迹象
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning? A
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead. 无关
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.无关
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.加强了
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.无关
作者: Shell_liang 时间: 2022-10-6 18:41
看一下！
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-6 19:20
作者: Hazellto 时间: 2022-10-6 20:03
Mark一下！
作者: Rickyri 时间: 2022-10-6 20:21
感谢分享！
作者: Carolineccc 时间: 2022-10-6 20:51
Mark一下！
作者: 佛系A子在線讀書 时间: 2022-10-6 21:06
1.要曬曬UVA,太陽有UVBUC對人體有害
(1)維他命D要曬UVBUVC才會被激活
(2)太陽有UVA以外對人體必要的光線
2.鄉下小店賣魚薄利多銷，但生意不好，why
(1)比較不衛生顧客不喜歡
(2)城裡大店還賣魚以外的東西，顧客喜歡去一站式購足
3.A
作者: Carolineccc 时间: 2022-10-6 21:17
1. P: 晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里有很多UVB,UVC，对人体有害
C: 人们晒皮肤去晒灯不要晒太阳
Weaken:
- 晒灯里也有很多其他对人体有害的成分
- 太阳光总体而言比晒灯效果更好
2. P: 乡下小店离渔场近，进价便宜，开销与城里商店一样
C: 生意依旧不好
Reason :
- 客流量没有城里大店好
- 顾客消费水平不高，无法定高价
3. P: 原来的水管都是用铅做的
C: 水管里的铅导致很多人铅中毒
Reviewer’s opinion :
P: 有些地方的人血液中含铅量少
C: 铅水管不是导致人们铅中毒的主要原因
Weaken reviewer’s reason - strengthen 题目中的P或C
A. 在一些地区硬水中的矿物质在铅水管中形成了一个保护膜—阻断铅的流出—削弱reviewer’s reason ✅
B. 人们家中很多东西都包含铅—加强reviewer’s opinion ❌
C. 无关❌
D. 一些以前使用铅制水管的城市有不同寻常的得病率并且还有其他条件与铅的流出有关—加强reviewer’s opinion ❌
E. 问题的作者注明了其他因素导致疾病的传播—加强reviewer’s opinion ❌
作者: Tracy_C. 时间: 2022-10-6 21:28
Mark一下！
作者: Tracy_C. 时间: 2022-10-6 21:48
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
P1: 晒灯里大部分是UVA
P2:太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的
C: 劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳
猜测答案可能的方向：晒灯带来的危害其实比直接晒太阳带来的还要大
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
猜测答案可能的方向：去乡下小店买鱼的人很少
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
逻辑链：用含有铅管送水的有些地方的人血液中铅含量很少 - 水管不是导致铅中毒的原因
choose A
作者: Hazellto 时间: 2022-10-6 22:33
打卡！
作者: slowdiving 时间: 2022-10-6 23:54
感谢分享！
作者: slowdiving 时间: 2022-10-7 00:04
10.6
1.答案方向：weaken
综合来看，晒灯真的比太阳有益吗？
a.自然阳光有一些其他晒灯没有的作用，好处大于坏处(比如合成维生素d等）
b.UVB\UVC对人体的有害并不大
c.这点不直接，因为要从有害这个角度去直接反驳：
晒灯的可行性（比较贵，难找到靠谱商家），而晒太阳方便容易）
2.答案方向：reason
a.顾客少，乡下人吃鱼一般不会去买，自己捕鱼，城里人来的频率低
b.靠近渔场，竞争问题，要么同质性卖鱼的商家很多，要么人们直接找渔船买
3.答案方向：reason
这个地区最后造成这种结果的特殊性
a.要么是水特殊：水里有啥物质可以和水管里的铅作用，产生抵消或保护
b.要么是人特殊：人饮食习惯里可以抵消掉一部分铅的食物；人本身的地域性基因遗传
作者: Shell_liang 时间: 2022-10-7 12:02
1. 太阳晒皮肤有害<=太阳里面有UVB\UVC对人体有害
晒灯无害<=晒灯有UVA
晒灯没有用，晒太阳比晒灯还有更大的益处，或者那些有害物质不值得一提，能够分解或者吸收掉。
2. 小店便宜，距离渔场近=>生意不好
找他因，在乡下客源少，很少有人来；或者竞争比较激烈，同质化比较严重
3. 含铅的水管道=>水里含铅=>人健康受损
使用铅水管道的当地居民没有铅中毒=>铅管道不是主要原因
选A
作者: SpringandApril 时间: 2022-10-7 13:01
看一下！
作者: 小雪要上学 时间: 2022-10-7 17:56
同意！
作者: 小雪要上学 时间: 2022-10-7 18:02
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
可以说单一晒这个UVA会有啥危害。或者说太阳里还有其他必须得光。
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
答案肯定是涉及大店和小店的对比的。
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.D
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
作者: lau9999 时间: 2022-10-7 21:49
看一下！
作者: vestofmmw 时间: 2022-10-7 22:00
看一下！
作者: lau9999 时间: 2022-10-7 22:00
Day 17
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
-长时间晒灯也存在危害人体的可能性（灼伤…）
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
-整体顾客量和城里大店没有办法比，少得可怜
-到城里大店吃饭的一般都是到城里旅游的游客
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.硬水会让lp有一个保护层
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead. 很多装置、产品都有lead。与文中的lead pipe没有关系
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.汽油中也有lead。与文中的conclusion没有关系
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure. 其他城市的情况，没有办法阐释作者的解释是否有漏洞
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
作者: vestofmmw 时间: 2022-10-7 22:13
Day 17
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
F：晒灯里大部分是UVA， 太阳除了UVA还有UVB,UVC→有害
C：劝人晒皮肤去晒灯不晒太阳
Q：weaken
思路：题干没有指出晒的时长。
选晒时间短太阳不会有副作用反而其他好处的选项或者UVA害处？的选项
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
F：乡下小店距离，进价优势，开销和城里一样
C：生意不好
Q：assumption
思路：生意不好和客人有关系，选客人少/本地人不吃鱼，卖到城里会提高费用之类的选项
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
F:lead水管→原来铅中毒人很多
P:水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了
C:有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少
Q:解释、weaken
思路：有些地方的人天赋异基因优势或者吃了什么吸附的食物可以代谢 OR 这些地方工业污染少而人中毒其实不是pipe而是水源被污染
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most *weaken* the reviewer’s reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water—water with a high mineral content—promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
选A
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
不能说明area范围
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
年代不匹配？
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
介绍conditions无关选项
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
无关选项
作者: EasonZHAO 时间: 2022-10-8 16:06
Mark一下！
作者: justforstar 时间: 2022-10-8 21:10
同意！
作者: justforstar 时间: 2022-10-8 21:13
1.晒灯达不到想要的效果
人体有免疫可以抵御太阳里不良物质的影响
2.
没有消费者
物以稀为贵，那里太多了，大家都不需要
3.铅含量低的地方的水管的制作材料里没有这么多铅
那个地方有什么独特的饮食习惯或生活方式恰好可以消化或排出或抵御铅
检测方法不一样
作者: 700啊700 时间: 2022-10-8 21:53
晒灯的危害更大；晒太阳有晒灯无法比拟的优势
顾客少
A
作者: 你板凳倒了 时间: 2022-10-8 23:40
同意！
作者: 你板凳倒了 时间: 2022-10-8 23:47
Day 17
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
【分析】UVA也有害？大概。答案是晒太阳不是那么不好，UVB/C可以被吸收
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
【分析】太远了呗。人们的路费高之类的，销量少。看完答案还有一种方向就是价格低，比如卖鱼的多，竞争激烈
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
【分析】A。CR200的
作者: 花花嘛嘛 时间: 2022-10-9 11:17
看一下！
作者: 花花嘛嘛 时间: 2022-10-9 11:42
Day 17
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
P：晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的
C：晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳
Gap：大部分UVA=无害？UVB/UVC=有害？
削弱：人体需要一定量的UVB, UVC，过量才会对人体有害？
晒灯无法提供人体所需的额外元素？
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
P：乡下小店离渔场近，且进价便宜，营业成本一样
C：生意不好
Gap：生意好=收入-成本=单价*销售量-营业成本
解释：销售量很少，因为离住宅区太远，消费者不方便来采购
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
作者: bryyyyyi 时间: 2022-10-9 11:43
看一下！
作者: shirleyliu_46 时间: 2022-10-9 15:34
看一下！
作者: shirleyliu_46 时间: 2022-10-9 15:39
1. 晒灯的伤害比晒太阳的伤害更大，例如晒灯里也有其他对人体有害的；或者太阳里还有其他对人体有益的；或者太阳里对人体有害的那些剂量很小没有影响；或者UVA也对人有害
2. 因为乡下的客流少
3. A
作者: Tiffnini 时间: 2022-10-9 22:18
Mark一下！
作者: Tiffnini 时间: 2022-10-9 22:39
Day 17
1. 晒皮肤
P：太阳光里有uvb, uvc等（对人体有害），晒灯里大部分是uva
C：晒灯，不要晒太阳
削弱方向：uvb/uvc要达到很大量的时候才会对人体有害，而太阳里uvb和uvc的含量很少很少，达不到伤害人体的量。所以晒太阳没事
(方向1: uvb/uvc伤害其实没有那么大，比如大气会吸收大部分uvb/uvc；方向2:晒灯和晒太阳相比，其实危害更大）
2. 乡下的小鱼场
P：乡下小店离渔场近、进价便宜，开销与大店一样
C：小店的生意依然不好
可能的原因：因为cost跟大店一样，导致利润空间很小，或者最终的售价并不便宜，顾客花相同的钱宁愿去大店消费了
（思路：生意不好——顾客少，或者单价低。方向1: 竞争激烈，鱼只能卖非常便宜；方向2:在乡下买鱼的人比城里的人少）
3. Lead 会不会生病
P1：有人认为19-20世纪铅中毒是因为当时供水系统使用的是含铅的管道。
C: 反对，做了调查，有人没有铅中毒的症状
resolve the paradox：水里有其他物质，恰好能中和铅含量，让人喝了也没有伤害（比如下题的A选项）
原题：选A
P1：有人认为19-20世纪铅中毒是因为当时供水系统使用的是含铅的管道。
P2: 反对，做了调查，有人没有铅中毒的症状
C：含铅管道不是导致铅中毒的罪魁祸首
削弱的方向：1.调查样本不足（several of them数量太少），不能代表全体；
作者: PennyWen95 时间: 2022-10-11 22:28
看一下！
作者: PennyWen95 时间: 2022-10-12 13:55
[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day17
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB, UVC, 那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
晒灯也有其他的危害，不只是UVA
① B有更致命的缺点；②A有B没有的有点。
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
乡下的客流量比较少，没有城市的流量大。乡下人不愿意花太多钱。
即要么暗示乡下鱼价售出很低导致净收益很
低(比如，卖鱼的多，相互压价)；要么就是暗示乡下买鱼的人很少，没城市的多，导致卖出
的鱼数量低。
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
作者: wannatechan 时间: 2022-10-14 16:11
Mark一下！
作者: wannatechan 时间: 2022-10-14 16:28
Day 17
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
因果--绝对与相对
前提：晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的
结论：人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯
猜测方向：灯是不是有更坏的特点呢？或者太阳虽然有UVB,UVC，但是带来的好处更大呢？
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
解释：
分析：profit= sale-cost，因此虽然cost的低，但是可能sale也低
猜测：基本没有去乡下小店吃东西
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
答案：A
因果：
因：research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning
果：the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit
分析：有没有其他因素使得这些人没有lead中毒
作者: sherlockkkkk 时间: 2022-10-16 09:47
看一下！
作者: 粥桃叽 时间: 2022-10-16 19:39
同意！
作者: jojolitbun 时间: 2022-10-17 23:03
作者: abc1654 时间: 2022-10-20 06:33
作者: ZZhiyan 时间: 2022-10-30 22:01
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
P：晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC，对人体有害
C：晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳
答案：（削弱）可以直接晒太阳不晒灯-- UVB和UVC对人体伤害是少量的，晒灯的UVA很多，伤害大
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
P：乡下小店离渔场近，进价便宜，开销和城里一样
C：生意不好
答案：顾客都在集中在城里，乡下的店相对少人买难回本
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
P：是铅导致健康问题，但是研究发现铅管不导致居民中毒
C：管道不是罪魁祸首答案：管道是罪魁祸首
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
作者: WinnerWSW 时间: 2022-11-16 22:28
1.晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。解析：
削弱题
①灯光里面虽然没有UVB、UVC，但是还含有很多其他对皮肤有害的物质，实际上危害比阳光还大，所以还不如去照阳光。
②虽然灯光里没有UVB和UVC，但是照过灯光之后并不能达到，人们想要的美黑或者保健效果，灯光虽然无害但没用，照太阳光虽然有一些有害紫外线，但是少量照射的话对人影响不大，而且好处多于坏处。
2.乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。解析：
解释题
①乡下地广人稀，店铺客流量少，不像城市里的店铺，人流大，有很多潜在的消费人群。
②在乡下居住的人的可支配收入整体低于城市居民，没有太多的闲钱用于这种消费，虽然这个店铺的东西便宜，但还是超出了乡下人的购买能力。③乡下有很多鱼塘，或是公共的或者是自家的，乡下的人们想要鱼的话可以自己捕捞，根本没有必要花钱到商店买。
3.Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
答案：B
解析：
削弱题
评论员：最近一本书的作者认为是铅导致了19世纪晚期和20世纪早期的很多公共的健康问题。他声称这种污染的主要来源是城市的供水系统，城市的供水系统使用铅管道使铅渗入了供水里。
但是我自己对市政当局的调查是：调查期间使用的铅管道表明其中几处的居民并没有示现出铅中毒的状况，所以这些管道很可能根本就不是罪魁祸首。
以下哪项正确最能削弱评论员的推理？（注意只让削弱评论员的观点，所以和后面的作者观点无关。）
A.在某些区域，暴露于硬水（矿物质含量高的水）会促进铅管道内部形成保护图层。（certain areas并不能代表全部，那些没有形成保护层的管道还是会使人中毒。）
B.19世纪晚期和20世纪早期很多的家用电器和消费品中都含有铅。（正确，他因削弱，说明人们中毒很可能并不是因为铅作的管道，人们日常生活中还有许多用品也会使人铅中毒。）
C.在20世纪20年代，铅被引入到汽油中，在这期间铅中毒症状在许多地区增加。（无关，汽油导致铅中毒是水管导致铅中毒之外的事情。）
D.几个使用铅水管的城市出现了异常概率的痉挛性疾病以及其他与铅接触相关的症状。（several不能说明问题，而且方向不对，对reviewer的观点有支持意味。）
E.该调查的作者指出，还有其他因素，包括下水系统不充足以及城市的拥挤，导致传染病的大规模爆发。（无关，跳出了讨论范围，不知所云，铅中毒又不是传染病。）
作者: CHENOlivia 时间: 2022-12-2 14:41
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
P：太阳里有UVB，UVC对人体有害
C：不晒太阳晒灯
削弱：虽然有这些成分，但是可以被中和。
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
P：乡下小店离渔场近，进价便宜；其他cost也与城里一样
C： 生意不好
可能因为price高，来买的人少。或者顾客少sale少。
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
P1:lead导致了健康问题。因为pipes是lead的，影响了water supply。
P2: 这个人自己的research 显示有些地方的人血液里没有lead。
C：不是pipe的问题。
这些有些地方的人是否能够代替总体，具有代表性。
A 正确
B 没有再说pipe了
C gasoline 不对
D 没有再说这些样本地区
E other factors不对
作者: PBkk 时间: 2022-12-5 21:56
Day 17
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
C：劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳
Weaken：
- 原理：UVA与人体某种情况结合也是有害的；UVB和UVC在太阳光某种物质混合情况下没害处了。
- 因果关系：某地方人们爱晒太阳，很健康；而晒灯的人很不健康。
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
C：生意依然不好
Support:
原理：具体说明小店在某些直接原因上导致生意不好：没有流量导致收入不高；没有足够厨师做菜等。
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
C：the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit
Weaken：
- 原理：具体解释为啥没中毒：因为某些地方有保护
作者: 顾周i 时间: 2023-2-24 22:07
Day 17
1. 晒皮肤
劝人们要晒皮肤的话去晒灯不要直接晒太阳，因为晒灯里大部分是UVA，太阳里面还有很多UVB,UVC,那些对人体有害的，问怎么削弱。
P：灯无害而太阳光有害
C：晒灯不要晒太阳
果因论证——他因削弱/无因无果
不是因为那些有害的所以不去晒太阳，而是因为晒太阳会晒伤/致癌可晒灯不会
2. 乡下的小鱼场
大致是说乡下小店么离渔场又近，进价又便宜，生意上的开销和城里大店一样，但是生意依然不好，问为啥啊。
解释题补gap：
开销一样，进价还低，但是生意依然不好
生意的影响因素不只和价格有关，他因解释
3. Lead 会不会生病
说原来铅中毒的人很多，因为原来的水管都是铅(lead)做的。水里面含了铅，人喝了就中毒了。但是后来有人发现有些地方的人的血液里的铅含量很少。问哪一个可以解释这个问题。
水里有铅，人喝了会中毒
有些地方的人铅含量很少——是不是那些地方水管有什么装置把那个铅解决掉了
下面这道
（不好意思看错了再来！）削弱评论员啊，评论员认为用铅管道——铅会进到水里——人就中毒
削弱：滑坡推理 削弱任意一环
用了铅管道但是铅没进入到水里
铅进入到水里但是可以什么他因导致铅又消失了人没中毒
他因削弱：根本不是铅好吧！！毒在自己家！！！！B
认为是下面这个题：
Reviewer: The author of a recent book argues that lead contributed to many public health problems in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He claims that the main sources of this pollutant were urban water-delivery systems, which used lead pipes that leached lead into the water supply. But my own research on municipalities that used lead pipes during the period in question has shown that the inhabitants of several of them did not exhibit symptoms of lead poisoning, so the pipes are most likely not the primary culprit.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the reviewer's reasoning?
(A) In certain areas, exposure to hard water--water with a high mineral content--promotes the formation of a protective coating on the interior of lead pipes.
(B) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many household fixtures and consumer products contained lead.
(C) Lead was introduced into gasoline in the 1920s, during which time lead-poisoning symptoms increased in many locales.
(D) Several cities that used lead pipes exhibited unusual rates of convulsive disorders and other conditions associated with lead exposure.
(E) The author in question notes that other factors, including inadequate sewer systems and urban crowding; caused widespread outbreaks of infectious diseases.
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