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标题: 揽瓜阁逻辑做题小分队Day151 [打印本页]

作者: 小白斩鸡 时间: 2021-11-5 20:39
标题: 揽瓜阁逻辑做题小分队Day151
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Differences in seat belt usage rates among cities are caused, it can be concluded, by differences in seat belt enforcement laws. In City A, where failure to wear a seat belt is a primary offense—police officers can stop drivers for the sole purpose of enforcing the use of seat belts—the usage rate is 95 percent. In City B, it is a secondary offense, so drivers can be cited only if they are stopped for another reason. There the usage rate is 75 percent and is declining.

Which of the following would, if true, most seriously weaken the argument above?

A. Throughout the country in which City A and City B are located, the rate of seat belt usage is about 85 percent and has remained at that level for some time.

B. Traffic accidents in City B result in more injuries to drivers and passengers than do those in City A.

C. Popular public education programs have been launched in City A to encourage drivers and passengers to wear seat belts, but City B has no program yet.

D. In both cities, a seat belt violation brings a significant fine.

E. City A's residents have historically voted against increased government regulation of people's actions, while City B's tend to support increases in regulation.

Newspaper article: Currently there are several prominent candidates for the position of governor of Province X. The prime minister has endorsed one of these candidates, Ann Shuh. The last candidate the prime minister endorsed for a provincial governorship won the position over strong rival candidates. Therefore, Ann Shuh will probably win the governorship of Province X.

The newspaper article’s argument is most vulnerable to criticism on which of the following grounds?

A. It asserts a sweeping generalization about a group on the basis of evidence regarding only a single, possibly unrepresentative, member of that group.

B. It takes for granted that if Ann Shuh wins the governorship, the prime minister's endorsement will have been the main cause of her victory.

C. It relies on single point of similarity between two situations, without adequately addressing the possibility of relevant differences between those situations.

D. It confuses a claim about a past event with a prediction about a similar, future event.

E. It overlooks the possibility that the last candidate the prime minister endorsed for a provincial governorship could not have won the position without that endorsement.

参考答案：[hide=d30]CC[/hide]

作者: 斯麦尔糖 时间: 2021-11-5 21:02
cc

作者: yjjy3712 时间: 2021-11-5 21:23
ce

作者: Blanche会努力 时间: 2021-11-6 08:31
CC

作者: Adamwarrior 时间: 2021-11-7 16:38
1. C
原题中心句是：Differences in seat belt usage rates among cities are caused, it can be concluded, by differences in seat belt enforcement laws.
也就是：安全带法规的差异导致安全带使用率的差异
问weaken 其实就是要反驳这层因果关系：是他因导致存在差异

2. C
总理支持其中一个候选人：AS
总理支持的最后一位候选人击败了强大的竞争对手赢得了这个职位
得出结论：AS很有可能当选X省省长

可见它默认了最后一位候选人就是AS，而默认的依据仅仅是共同点：“是总理支持的”
但是有可能总理支持的不止AS一个，那么就存在别人当选的可能性。

所以错误就是：it relies on single point of similarity，而没有充分考虑差异的可能性

作者: leebooleeboo 时间: 2021-11-7 22:00
CC

作者: NCse 时间: 2021-11-8 00:41
cc

作者: zyycn 时间: 2021-11-8 10:41
1、现象：A城市安全带比例95%，B城市安全带比例75%，原因：A城市实施法律更严格。
问weaken
思考：果因论证，考虑他因削弱或类比削弱

A：整个国家的安全带比例是85%。没有比较，无关。
B：B城市事故率比A城市更高。讨论现象的结果，与原因无关。
C：A城市的公众教育项目鼓励系安全带，B城市没有。正确，他因削弱。
D：两个城市违法安全带法规都将大额罚款。没有比较，无关。
E：A城市反对增加监管，B城市希望增加监管。无法削弱。

选C

1、总理为支持A，所以A能赢，因为总理之前支持B，B赢了。
问weaken
思考：类比论证，找出两者之间的不同

A：基于一个没有代表性的个体，就得出一个群体的结论。A和B都是个体，没有群体。
B：如果A赢了，那么总理的支持就是最主要的原因。无关。
C：两种情况的一点相同，而忽略了他们之间的不同。正确。
D：过去的声称与未来的预测混淆了。没有混淆，无法削弱。
E：如果没有总理的支持，B就不能赢。方向反。

选C

作者: 断了的弦 时间: 2021-11-8 15:33
CC

作者: bbbbbblue 时间: 2021-11-8 18:47
mark一下！

作者: 顶沓能 时间: 2021-11-20 18:38

作者: svwma 时间: 2021-11-23 09:02
CC

作者: suzeding 时间: 2021-11-25 22:26
cc

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