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标题: 揽瓜阁阅读做题小分队第183天古代社会灭绝原因 [打印本页]

作者: 小白斩鸡 时间: 2021-10-22 22:42
标题: 揽瓜阁阅读做题小分队第183天古代社会灭绝原因
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In 2004, Jared Diamond published Collapse, a rigorous analysis of why certain ancient societies have perished. His groundbreaking study explored the environmental and historical factors that contributed to the demise of the “Viking colonies” of Greenland, the Polynesians of Easter Island, and the Anasazi of the American southwest. Diamond’s core thesis was that human recklessness and lack of foresight were the major factors in precipitating the ends of these societies.

Diamond’s work was among the first to seek out the commonalities between deforestation in Easter Island and resource depletion in ancient Greenland. Because he posited that human agency played a key role in determining whether cultures disintegrate or thrive, his message was viewed by many prominent environmental activists as a call to action – societies can remain vibrant providing they make prudent decisions regarding resource management.

However, many critics have claimed that Diamond’s explanations for the extinctions of ancient societies were simplistic, and placed undue blame on the regions’ inhabitants. For example, Terry Hunt, an archaeologist at the University of Hawaii, has claimed that the Polynesian deforestation, which Diamond attributed to the recklessness of the native peoples, was actually caused by predatory rats. Moreover, Hunt has noted that Diamond overlooked the role that European disease played in decimating native populations. If these other factors are taken into account, the issue of blame becomes a far more complex one and some of Diamond’s positions may need to be reconsidered.

1) According to the passage, which of the following is used by Diamond as piece of evidence for his core thesis?

A) The fact that diseases were introduced by Europeans

B) The fact that deforestation resulted from animal behavior

C) The fact that cultures were unable to accurately predict the future

D) The fact that there was proper resource management

E) The fact that there was a natural depletion of food sources

2) The primary purpose of this passage is to:

A) Refute the opinion put forth in an important piece of research.

B) Call for more research to help evaluate a controversial position.

C) Analyze a significant research study and its implications.

D) Suggest that a particular research study is misguided.

E) Provide an addition to an existing study.

3) According to the passage, which of the following must be true of Polynesian deforestation?

A) It was caused by predatory rats, and not by the actions of the Polynesian people as has been theorized.

B) It was cited by Terry Hunt as the cause of the demise of the Polynesians of Easter Island.

C) It was caused by the recklessness and lack of foresight of the Polynesian people.

D) It was used by Jared Diamond to illustrate how human recklessness can lead to the demise of a society.

E) It was surprisingly similar to the resource depletion that occurred in ancient Greenland.

参考答案:[hide=d30]CCD[/hide]

作者: 大月亮cyn 时间: 2021-10-23 16:25
文章大概结构：
JD's Publication, JD explored, his core thesis ==》First to seek; Implication of his study on Environmentalists. ==》 Views of Others on JD's study;

1. C P1Diamond’s core thesis ... lack of foresight ...
2. C Diamond Theory ==》展开 theory + support of the piece of theory ==》critics view + flaws
3. D recklessness of native people ==》 ancient societies and deforestation √

作者: clairettt 时间: 2021-10-23 17:06
Diamond认为人类目光短浅导致旧社会灭亡；
反对Diamond观点的认为看法过于简单--Hunt
EAD

作者: Alan-Endless 时间: 2021-10-23 17:29
看一下！

作者: Erebuslee 时间: 2021-10-24 00:45
1.A
2.B
3.D

作者: 要相信奇迹 时间: 2021-10-24 09:03
ACA

作者: GGGG了 时间: 2021-10-24 16:25
看一下！

作者: Flynnisme 时间: 2021-10-24 21:16
cca

作者: ltttt 时间: 2021-10-25 00:29
1. C
2. C
3. D

作者: 123ffff 时间: 2021-10-25 10:26
JD: human recklessness and lack of foresight导致灭亡
肯定JD
但是faws-place undue balme on inhabitants
CCA

作者: Blanche会努力 时间: 2021-10-25 11:20
CBA

作者: zyxxxxxf 时间: 2021-10-25 14:06
同意！

作者: 林珑在加油 时间: 2021-10-25 15:01
A study of Jared talking about why certain ancient societies have perished.

The main content of the study of Jared.

Some critics.

EDD

作者: TheFoggyDew 时间: 2021-10-25 19:50
结构：①JD的核心理论：人类的recklessness和缺乏远见是社会消亡的关键；②D是第一个发现EI和AG森林退化及资源消耗共通点的，这为环保运动者提供了佐证；③反驳（不同意见）：批评者认为D将社会衰败全部归因于当地人的行为过于片面——举例证明——提出这是多方因素共同作用的结果
选择：DCD

作者: Ricky_Zhu 时间: 2021-10-27 08:45
同意！

作者: 斯麦尔糖 时间: 2021-10-27 10:55
edd

作者: HelloWorld~ 时间: 2021-10-29 11:28
Mark一下！

作者: Ywd125 时间: 2021-11-2 19:57
看一下！

作者: zyycn 时间: 2021-11-5 16:38

P1：D发表了观点，三个地方的society是如何灭亡的——人类的鲁莽和没有前瞻眼光。

P2：D找出两地灭亡的共性，society要生存下去必须做好资源管理（防止depletion）。

P3：反对意见：D的观点太简单。
理由1：P的deforestation是由于老鼠；理由2：D忽略了欧洲疾病对人口的影响。
结论：如果考虑其他因素，D的观点需要重新被考虑。

CCD

作者: 562356 时间: 2021-11-5 21:43
同意！

作者: 562356 时间: 2021-11-5 22:03
c. Diamond’s core thesis was that human recklessness and lack of foresight were the major factors in precipitating the ends of these societies
c. main idea
d environmental and historical factors that contributed to the demise of the “Viking colonies” of Greenland

作者: 562356 时间: 2021-11-5 22:29

562356 发表于 2021-11-5 22:03
c. Diamond’s core thesis was that human recklessness and lack of foresight were the major factors ...

1 introduce Diamond Theory.
2 given its important point of theory and support of the piece of theory.
3 critics view and counter example which provides flaws in Diamond theory.

作者: 恶汉霍金 时间: 2021-11-7 02:16
DED

作者: svwma 时间: 2021-11-9 04:44
CBD

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