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标题: 揽瓜阁阅读做题小分队第162天存在主义 [打印本页]

作者: 妥妥 时间: 2021-9-19 13:10
标题: 揽瓜阁阅读做题小分队第162天存在主义

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Existentialism is a term applied to the work of certain late 19th- and 20th-centuryphilosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences, shared the belief thatphilosophical thinking begins with the human subject—not merely the thinkingsubject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual. In existentialism, theindividual's starting point is characterized by what has been called "the existentialattitude", or a sense of disorientation and confusion in the face of an apparentlymeaningless or absurd world. Many existentialists have also regarded traditionalsystematic or academic philosophies, in both style and content, as too abstract andremote from concrete human experience.

A central proposition of existentialism is that existence precedes essence, whichmeans that the most important consideration for individuals is the fact that they are anindividual—an independently acting and responsible, conscious being ("existence")—rather than what labels, roles, stereotypes, definitions, or other preconceivedcategories the individual fits ("essence"). The actual life of the individual constituteswhat could be called their "true essence" instead of an arbitrarily attributed essenceothers use to define them. Thus, human beings, through their own consciousness,create their own values and determine a meaning to their life.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that:
(A) Most late 19th and 20th century philosophers had profound doctrinal differences (B) Style is more important than value in existential philosophy.
(C) Existentialism favors a deeper connection to human experience than traditionalphilosophies.
 (D) Existential philosophers were frequently confused by traditional philosophies.
 (E) A core notion of existentialism is that “true essence” supersedes the individual.

2. Which of the following situations best illustrates the “existential attitude”?
(A) A confused man wanders through an orderly and structured parking lot trying to find his car
(B) A confused woman contemplates charges for something that she never did and that never happened.
(C) A disoriented dog gets lost in a large, well-manicured park, but is found by his owners later.
(D) A purposeful student sits in an outdoor art gallery with no boundaries or logic and contemplates life.
(E) A disoriented sailor finishes 2nd in an outcome that was expected by some and doubted by others.

3. The author uses the term “true essence” in order to:
(A) identify the preconceived categories in which the individual fits
(B) emphasize the importance of individualism over consciousness
(C) show how human beings create their own consciousness
(D) define the true life of an individual in contrast to that created by others
(E) contrast the individual with the true self


参考答案：

作者: lfengi 时间: 2021-9-19 15:13
CEB
第一段：介绍引入existentialism, 以及对比和传统主义的不同
第二段： existentialism 的本质， true essence

作者: 黎明姐姐 时间: 2021-9-19 16:39

C B C

第一段，定义存在主义的观点是思想来源于人和人的行为，跟传统哲学做对比

第二段，中心思想是存在优于本质，个体优于使用的的本质

作者: clairettt 时间: 2021-9-19 16:59
existentialism提出，强调的内容，对traditional的看法；
中心思想：existence>essence；俩e分别是什么；人自身才是创造价值的因素
CDD

作者: r_o_s_e 时间: 2021-9-19 21:23
C 04:41
D 01:31
D 01:16
Notes:
Elism: 19-20th thinking+acting
Elists: ×trad: too abstract

Elism: prop: exis>essence;
×"true essense" def arbi

作者: zhengdeji 时间: 2021-9-19 21:43
感谢分享！

作者: _Salaxy_ 时间: 2021-9-19 21:53
[attach]262215[/attach]

作者: 崔大套 时间: 2021-9-20 12:41
CED

作者: hedy1210 时间: 2021-9-20 17:11
C:\Users\lenovo\Desktop\9.png

作者: S——xl 时间: 2021-9-20 19:58
aee

作者: XCIVI 时间: 2021-9-20 21:02
同意！

作者: __Dy 时间: 2021-9-20 21:53
CBD

作者: Dulceeeee 时间: 2021-9-21 10:59
P1:介绍存在主义，以及和传统观点不一样的地方
P2：进一步介绍存在主义的中心思想：存在>本质

作者: CaryX 时间: 2021-9-21 16:49
Mark一下！

作者: 山言寺林 时间: 2021-9-22 02:17
1. 强调E更关注人的真实生活，对比传统理念（比较抽象）
2. E的一个观点是existence超过essence
CED

作者: HelloWorld~ 时间: 2021-9-23 16:34
1,what is the Existentialism: philosophers has doctrinal differences but same belief : thinking begins with the human subject. the individual's starting point is from a unknown situation.
2,how human create their own thought：existence precedes essence- the most important thing that ppl consider themselves as an individual, (the "which" here refers a clause "existence precedes essence"？it seems to violate some rules)

1，A/C no sure about this one. all options seems not very correct and there is not direct evidence to prove any of them, but BDE is farther away. A-there is no indication of "MOST" . C-there is no indication of "DEEPER" . Even though traditional one is not right, it does not mean "Existentialism favors a deeper connection"

2, B
the “existential attitude”: a sense of disorientation and confusion in the face of an apparently meaningless or absurd world.

3, C or D, really confused, prefer D
It seems that "true essence"= own consciousness, so C does not really make sense? Not very sure about this one
The actual life of the individual constitutes what could be called their "true essence" instead of an arbitrarily attributed essence others use to define them. Thus, human beings, through their own consciousness,create their own values and determine a meaning to their life.

作者: Blanche会努力 时间: 2021-9-24 10:50
DDD

作者: heilam_7 时间: 2021-9-26 10:47
CBD
第一段：介绍了Existentialism是什么以及其中的一个概念the existential attitude--考到概念的解释
第二段：描述了existentialism的核心内容（关于essence和existence的先后关系的看法）

作者: Vivi_running 时间: 2021-9-26 12:43
CBD

作者: 晝夜幻殺 时间: 2021-9-27 08:24
看看

作者: GengJyyy 时间: 2021-9-28 11:21
ADD
1. 介绍existentialism，existentialists对traditional…的态度
2. existentialism的中心论点是existence precedes essence，人类通过自己的意识创造自己的价值并决定自己的命运

作者: Leilanico 时间: 2021-9-28 20:04
分析文章结构：                                                                                                                      第一段介绍了Existentialism 的含义
  - acting, feeling, living human individual
  - the existential attitude
第二段进一步讲了存在主义者的中心意义：an independently acting and responsible, conscious being ("existence”)。探究对这样人的真实定义。
总结得出：人类，通过自我意识，创造出自我价值观和定义自己人生的人就是存在主义者。

C E D

作者: jiajiajiayi 时间: 2021-9-30 13:24
CBD

作者: iamvv 时间: 2021-10-6 21:10
CDD
1：哲学家提出新哲学-E主义，并批评传统哲学
2：介绍E主义的内容

作者: 123ffff 时间: 2021-10-26 18:44
existentialism的内容, 主要的是the existential attitude
existence>essence 解释-结论人through consciousness create value
D(x) regarded traditional philosophies as too abstract and remote from concrete human experience. 选项C更优
D(x)
D

作者: llllllllllea 时间: 2021-10-30 19:46
Existentialism
第一段：对existentialism的简介
第二段：解释什么是existentialism》（existence rather than essence )

1 C 2 B 3 D

作者: Erebuslee 时间: 2021-11-1 16:34
p1 存在主义的诞生+观点+和传统哲学的关注点不同——>focus on human experience
p2 存在主义的核心观点：existence precedes essence+分别介绍人的存在和人的感受——提出 true essence——回归强调核心观点
整体属于，现象阐释型，没有明显态度，中立介绍
1 C
2 B
3 D

作者: svwma 时间: 2021-11-11 05:12
CBD

作者: VickyPiggyZhu 时间: 2021-11-11 13:29
CBD 5:48
1、Existentialism：humen subject→philosophy
traditional philosophy：abstract、remote
2、existence（conscious being）＞essence（actual life）

作者: setmefree1 时间: 2023-10-9 09:58
1. 定义存在主义，存在态度，与传统的对比
2. 存在先于本质，个人实际生活才是真正本质，人类通过自己意识创造价值，确定意义

CBD

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