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标题: 揽瓜阁阅读做题小分队第65天神经元 [打印本页]

作者: 小白斩鸡 时间: 2021-6-3 05:10
标题: 揽瓜阁阅读做题小分队第65天神经元
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The usual descriptionsof how the brain processes information rely on the same model that engineers have used to design electrical circuits. Just as electrons flow along the wires in a circuit, the neurons in the brain relay information along structured pathways, passing messages across specific points called synapses. According to this model, information does not leave the neuronal circuitry.

But there is increasing evidence that neurons can also communicate by means of “volume transmission,” which does not involve the relaying of information across synapses. Volume transmission is not an alternative to the traditional view, commonly called wiring or synaptic transmission, but a complement to that established theory. Neurons do relay information quickly and efficiently across synapses, but experiments show that neurons can also release chemical signals into the fluid-filled space between the cells of the brain; these signals are not necessarily detected by neighboring cells but by cells in a different part of the brain, in the same way that hormones released by a gland into the bloodstream can have effects on cells far away. These processes occur on much longer time scales than does synaptic transmission, and they probably play a distinct role, perhaps regulating or modulating the brain's response to synaptic signals.

1.The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. note similarities between two ways in which the brain processes information

B. propose a new model as an analogy for the structure of the brain

C. suggest that the brain uses more than one method to process information

D. explain why one theory about brain processes has been more influential than another theory

E. examine data challenging a new theory about the way in which the brain processes information

2.The passage suggests which of the following about the “usual descriptions” (see highlighted text) of the brain's processing of information?

A. They provide a misleading analogy for the way in which synaptic transmission occurs.

B. They incorrectly assume that information is conveyed exclusively through the neuronal circuitry.

C. They underestimate the speed at which the transfer of information across synapses occurs.

D. They are based on an analogy to the way in which hormones function to control the body.

E. They acknowledge the existence of volume transmission but underestimate its importance in regulating brain responses.

3. The passage mentions which of the following as a possible function of volume transmission in the brain?

A. Facilitating the release of hormones in different parts of the body

B. Transmitting different types of sensory information than does synaptic transmission

C. Serving to regulate the brain's response to synaptic signals

D. Enhancing the brain's response to external stimuli

E. Regulating different bodily functions than does synaptic transmission

参考答案：

作者: _Salaxy_ 时间: 2021-6-3 15:52
CBC

作者: 塔塔Thanos 时间: 2021-6-3 17:31
BBC

作者: lfengi 时间: 2021-6-3 18:43
CBC

作者: CaryX 时间: 2021-6-3 20:43
CBC

作者: 速水愛媛 时间: 2021-6-3 22:36
C B C

作者: YY小朋友 时间: 2021-6-3 23:22
CBC

作者: taya1989 时间: 2021-6-4 02:43
CBC

作者: itsclaire 时间: 2021-6-4 08:29
CBA

作者: Alko 时间: 2021-6-4 09:44
CBC

作者: 山言寺林 时间: 2021-6-4 10:48
通常大脑处理信息的方式被类比于电流，通过不同的点S传递信息；
但是有另一种理论——volume transmission出现，作为之前理论的补充，实验证明神经元可以在大脑细胞间的空间释放化学信号，起到了distinct role——控制大脑对S的反应

CBC

作者: famerica 时间: 2021-6-4 11:48
cbc

作者: Syvlia 时间: 2021-6-4 16:44
CBC

作者: Ethan_dai 时间: 2021-6-4 21:01
C B C

作者: 千秋要上哈佛 时间: 2021-6-4 21:21
第一段描述了旧的theory，第二段描述了新的theory，并说明新的theory是旧的theory的complement
CBC

作者: sjj加油 时间: 2021-6-5 11:29
cbc

作者: popo9710 时间: 2021-6-5 11:36
cbc

作者: miemie_yang 时间: 2021-6-5 21:43
c e c

作者: liangabc 时间: 2021-6-7 11:10
同意！

作者: RxxMewo 时间: 2021-6-7 14:49
CEB

作者: 飞跃重洋2017 时间: 2021-6-7 19:11
CBC

作者: Miahegogogo 时间: 2021-6-7 20:20
CBC
通常情况下脑细胞之间的神经传导用电流传导的模型来描述，认为神经元之间只用电流进行传导，但是后来发现volume transmission是电流传导的一种补充，而不是替代。volume transmission的作用与腺体分泌荷尔蒙类似，可以作用于远端的细胞，而且具有延时性，可以调节大脑对于电流信号的反应。

作者: 690387114 时间: 2021-6-8 20:29
CBC

作者: yutingw 时间: 2021-6-11 16:33
Mark一下！

作者: ccccherry 时间: 2021-6-15 21:03
DEC

作者: jiajiajiayi 时间: 2021-7-7 11:06
CBC

作者: 花花嘛嘛 时间: 2023-8-18 15:33
CBC

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