揽瓜阁做题小分队第21天非裔美国人 - ChaseDream

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Scholars have attempted to refute E. Franklin Frazier's deculturalization hypothesis—the argument that slavery deprived African Americans of their African heritage and thus that African American culture evolved independently of any African influence—by showing that there is a demonstrably African content that distinguishes African American culture. Winifred Vass, for example, notes the survival of Bantu vocabulary in African American folklore and literature. Similarly, Dena J. Epstein demonstrates the African origin of the banjo, demolishing assertions that it was invented by southern whites or introduced from Europe. These arguments present problems, however, because the evidence advanced touches equally,if not more, on the culture of whites today. The banjo, for example, is now used by many more whites than African Americans. Similarly, some of the most important examples that Vasscites regarding the Bantu influence on African American culture— folk songs such as “Polly-Wolly-Doodle” and specific words such as tote meaning “to carry”—are as common today among whites as among African Americans. Thus, rather than documenting the specifically African ways in which African American culture in the United States differs today from white culture, Vass and Epstein have instead documented how African influences are one important way in which United States culture differs from European.

1. The author cites the banjo in the bolded text most probably in order to

A. make a point about the distinguishing features of the music of the southern United States

B. demonstrate the problematic nature of Epstein's argument regarding the distinguishing features of African American culture

C. refute Epstein's claim regarding the origins of the banjo

D. demonstrate the declining influence of the culture of southern whites on United States culture as a whole

E. demonstrate that banjo playing was never an important characteristic of African American culture in the United States

2. The main purpose of the passage is to

A. defend the validity of a particular hypothesis regarding African American culture

B. synthesize two schools of thought regarding African American culture

C. evaluate a refutation of a particular argument regarding African American culture

D. identify some of the African influences on African American culture

E. clarify an ambiguity regarding the origins of African American culture

3. It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding the influence of African culture on United States culture?

A. Most of the African influences on African American culture have not survived into present-day culture.

B. The influence of African culture on United States culture has been primarily in the areas of literature and folklore.

C. The influence of African culture on United States culture has been limited to certain specific regions of the United States.

D. African cultural influences are one of the distinguishing features of United States culture.

E. African cultural influences are useful in differentiating between African American culture and white culture in the United States.