ChaseDream

标题: 揽瓜阁做题小分队 第15天 铝的作用及价格演变-从天价到白菜价 [打印本页]

作者: 小白斩鸡    时间: 2021-4-14 15:54
标题: 揽瓜阁做题小分队 第15天 铝的作用及价格演变-从天价到白菜价
请大家在本帖回复:
1. 文章大概结构
2. 自己写的答案
解析明晚微信群里公布



The most common metal in the Earth’s crust, aluminum (or aluminium) was not discovered until 1825 because its isolated state is so reactive that free nuggets or flakes of the metal are never found in nature; rather, the metal is typically found as part of an amalgam, most commonly bauxite ore. Moreover, elemental aluminum is extremely difficult—and expensive—to separate from its ores by traditional chemical means. Indeed, the extreme reactivity of aluminum helps protect its modern, ubiquitous manifestations, such as aluminum foil. The surface of pure aluminum instantly combines with atmospheric oxygen to form a thin but robust “passivization” seal of aluminum oxide that prevents further corrosion. Many other metals, such as iron, are less reactive than aluminum, but their superficial oxides do not form as swiftly, completely, or impermeably.

For several decades after its discovery, aluminum was considered a precious metal and was more costly than gold or platinum, not because of any fundamental scarcity, but because of its elevated cost of production. The price of aluminum suddenly plummeted in 1886, however, when two 23-year-old inventors independently developed an electrolytic process of separating pure aluminum from a bath of molten aluminum salts, primarily cryolite. Cryolite itself is rare enough that synthetic salts eventually replaced it as the solution medium.

1. What can be most logically inferred from the passage about iron?
(A) It corrodes more quickly than aluminum.
(B) Its oxides form more slowly and robustly than those of aluminum.
(C) It is cheaper to isolate from its ores by traditional chemical means than aluminum.
(D) It is more susceptible to passivization than is aluminum.
(E) It is more commonly found in its isolated, elemental state.


2. According to the passage, the natural passivization layer on the surface of aluminum metal
(A) causes atmospheric oxygen to react chemically with the metal
(B) is less impenetrable than typical iron oxide films formed on pure iron
(C) lowers the utility of aluminum in its uncontaminated state
(D) provides aluminum with a chemical advantage, relative to other metals
(E) precludes the inexpensive purification of the metal by traditional chemical processes


3. In terms of economic impact, which of the following hypothetical situations would be most analogous to what the passage indicates happened in 1886?
(A) Fossil remains of a previously unknown dinosaur species are simultaneously discovered by two researchers working independently of one another.
(B) Lead-acid batteries are widely replaced in automobiles by batteries containing lithium, a much rarer metal than lead.
(C) Direct processing of light signals within fiber-optic devices supplants electronic signal processing performed by solid-state transistors.
(D) After supplies of a widely used commodity become unavailable, the price of the commodity surges.
(E) Low-cost artificial synthesis of diamonds, which are expensive to mine but composed of the common element carbon, is perfected.


参考答案,做完才看 :)



作者: irisville    时间: 2021-4-14 16:25
ade
作者: Minato66666    时间: 2021-4-14 16:31
A
B
E
作者: Minato66666    时间: 2021-4-14 16:32
less impenetrable 佛了
作者: 123Better    时间: 2021-4-14 18:02
EDD
作者: _Salaxy_    时间: 2021-4-14 18:31
P1:地壳最常见的金属铝直到1825年才被发现,因为它分离状态过分活跃所以游离的铝很难在自然界存在。利用传统方法将铝元素从铁矿石中剥离难度很大成本很高。纯铝的表面有一层很薄但很粗糙的可以防止生锈的铝氧化物封层。其他金属比如铁就不如铝那么活跃,但他们的表面的氧化层并不像铝形成的那么快、完整且不易渗透。
P2:铝价格高不在于稀缺性,而是因为不断上涨的生产成本。然而直到1886年,两位23岁的发明家独立发明出一种分离纯铝的方法使得铝的价格骤降。

EAE
作者: N0ire    时间: 2021-4-14 19:37
5min
主旨:铝为什么一度非常稀有(属性+制造工艺)
P1: 铝含量高但非常活泼,常以化合物的形态出现,单质难以被分离,并且容易形成致密的氧化膜防腐蚀;
P2: 铝价因为量产困难而居高不下,直到电解铝的发现。

ADE
作者: 半日大哥    时间: 2021-4-14 21:58
C D D
用时5分钟
1. 铝是地球上储量最丰富的金属。纯铝特别容易发生化学反应,所以自然界几乎没有铝单质存在,因此直到1825年铝元素才被发现。
2. 很多年以来铝很贵是因为很难生产,直到1886年两个年轻人应用了电解法。
作者: xulexuan    时间: 2021-4-14 23:17
bde
作者: Sibaiyuan    时间: 2021-4-15 03:37
ADE
作者: 阿綠    时间: 2021-4-15 09:19
Nice
作者: 速水愛媛    时间: 2021-4-15 09:44
ADE
作者: Jack.Lu    时间: 2021-4-15 15:19
BDE
铝的价格变化原因
P1:铝的性质难分离,易氧化
P2:铝价格下降的原因,新方法分离铝
作者: yyking625    时间: 2021-4-15 15:55
EBC
作者: yyking625    时间: 2021-4-15 16:29
Minato66666 发表于 2021-4-14 16:32
less impenetrable 佛了

呃呃呃。我也入坑了这个选项
作者: puy123    时间: 2021-4-15 17:48
结构:
1、铝的特性。Al很活跃易反应,自然界中难找,也难分离纯Al,形成的氧化铝膜可以保护金属不进一步腐蚀;
2、铝价格高到低。铝价格高不是因为稀有,是因为生产纯的成本高。1886年发现电解法,铝价格下降。
MA:ADD

impenetrable 不可穿入的;不可进入的
uncontaminated 未被污染的
preclude 排除
purification 提纯
plummet 暴跌

最后一题,D选项觉得不对,但还是不太清楚为什么选E


作者: LindsayPark    时间: 2021-4-15 18:44
BDE
P1: 先说铝怎么被发现,有什么特点
P2: 铝被发现后,他的价格经历了怎样的变化-涨了很多,又降了下来

作者: miemie_yang    时间: 2021-4-15 18:52
答案:B C B
最常见的铝在1825年被发现了,纯铝表面会有一层氧化物防止它被更深层的腐蚀,铁不像铝那么活跃,但他们表面的氧化物也没有完全的不可穿透的快速的建立。
铝发现以后几十年,作为贵金属,比金子和铂昂贵,不是因为他的稀有,而是因为制作成产品的高昂成本,1886年价格突然下降了,因为两个发明家发明了盐浴电解,人工合成的盐可以代替Cryolite。
作者: 断了的弦    时间: 2021-4-15 20:00
add
作者: HHHHRane    时间: 2021-4-15 20:29
ADE

第一段:铝发现的时间;铝的特殊性质使其极难在自然中被找到;铝很贵,铝很难通过传统方式提取;铝氧化后形成氧化膜阻止被进一步氧化
第二段:铝的制造成本使其价格高昂;后来一个年轻人通过利用C(后来被合成盐替代)来成功大量提取了铝,使得铝价格大幅下跌。
作者: LouisTan    时间: 2021-4-15 21:18
ADE
作者: 星v座v书v上    时间: 2021-4-16 09:21
BDE
作者: CCCGO    时间: 2021-4-16 09:25
ade
作者: connie_123    时间: 2021-4-16 09:30
abb
作者: 狒狒小姐    时间: 2021-4-16 10:10
BDE
作者: rs曦曦    时间: 2021-4-16 12:31
第一段:铝的化学性质
第二段:开采技术革新导致的铝价大幅下滑
作者: yutingw    时间: 2021-4-16 15:10
CCE
作者: RxxMewo    时间: 2021-4-16 21:14
ADD 9MIN
作者: 暴躁少女本人    时间: 2021-4-17 14:28
BDD

作者: ccccherry    时间: 2021-4-18 15:36
BBD
作者: 2022Tiramisu    时间: 2021-4-18 19:53
BDE
作者: 大大大kk    时间: 2021-4-18 21:13
bdc
作者: sssszzzzxccsc    时间: 2021-4-23 16:25
BBE
作者: 飞跃重洋2017    时间: 2021-4-28 01:20
ADB
作者: 张晴雨    时间: 2021-5-11 09:37
我的答案:BBE
正确答案:ADE
用时:9分钟
作者: 690387114    时间: 2021-6-19 23:55
ACC
ADE
题2 定位到第一段第2层Moreover后面
题3
作者: 大月亮cyn    时间: 2021-10-27 18:10
Day AAE
2. D 选项看仔细啊,这些金属元素搞不清楚就用ABC代替!!!是防止化学反应不是产生化学反应!(A)使大气中的氧气与金属发生化学反应。(这层阻止氧气与金属进一步发生化 学反应,此项非正确选项) (D)相对于其他金属而言,铝具有化学优势。(正确,相比其他金属,铝的这层 能进一步阻止腐蚀)
作者: 清影嘿嘿    时间: 2021-11-1 17:55
d ay 15

作者: NikitaHan    时间: 2023-9-5 18:49
P1: 铝的价格一开始很高,讲了为什么铝的价格高,为什么一开始很难发现铝的存在。

P2: 说了铝的价格高是因为合成铝的成本很高。后来,有个23的小伙子从很便宜的材料中成功合成高纯度的铝,此后铝的价格就一落千丈了。

作者: 屯个名字    时间: 2023-9-23 20:30
P1:铝本身的特性——难以分离
-reactive;as part of an amalgam
-traditional chemical means难以分离
——>但铝的特性有助于保护它的其他表现形式,比如铝箔——>氧化铝,防止进一步腐蚀(铁也是这样)

P2:铝分离的发展
分离成本高——铝价格一度高于黄金
——>但是1886年暴跌——>分离铝的方法出现(电解铝)

CDE 6'56"
作者: B及站士    时间: 2023-10-13 16:07
P1. 介紹鋁的特性, 可得知缺點"極度活性所以在自然中找到純鋁", 但也知道優點"緻密的氧化層保護底材"
P2. 引申出鋁很難產出的問題, 後面說道一個新方法導致生產成本大幅降低
-
P1
1. Context: aluminum – though common in Earth’s crust – until 1825 discovered – so reactive that it is never found in natural (most found as ore)
2. Disadvantage: elemental aluminum is difficult to separate from ores – by traditional methods
3. Advantage: extreme reactivity helps protect – pure aluminum + oxygen = “passivation” – aluminum oxide prevents further corrosion (unlike iron)
P2
1. Problem: aluminum was considered precious – not because of scarcity – hard to produce
2. Solution: 1886 two inventors use electrolytic process to separate pure aluminum from aluminum salts

作者: 哇哇哇wa    时间: 2023-10-19 06:43
打卡
作者: 木柚籽    时间: 2023-10-26 10:16
P1
a discovery of aluminum -- the unique characterstic of aluminum and the advantage -- compare with irron       
P2
the cost of the production is expensive.(承接上文铝的特点引出)-- however, the new method was invented --- the price of aluminum fall down

作者: joliajjj    时间: 2023-12-6 12:09
主旨:
P1: 铝含量高但非常活泼,常以化合物的形态出现,单质难以被分离,并且容易形成致密的氧化膜防腐蚀;
P2: 铝价因为量产困难而居高不下,直到电解铝的发现。
ADE
作者: andyhhhh    时间: 2024-5-16 13:06
EDE

OA

ADE





欢迎光临 ChaseDream (https://forum.chasedream.com/) Powered by Discuz! X3.3