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标题: 【揽瓜阁 外刊精读7.0】Day10 2021.04.21【社会科学-移民、行为研究】 [打印本页]

作者: 妥妥    时间: 2021-4-20 22:04
标题: 【揽瓜阁 外刊精读7.0】Day10 2021.04.21【社会科学-移民、行为研究】
  揽瓜阁俱乐部第七期
  Day10 2021.04.21

【社会科学-移民】The Pull of El Norte - More Mexicans are crossing the border into the U.S., reversing a trend of recent years
(Bloomberg -1105 字 长精读)

Swelling numbers of Mexicans are heading north across the border, propelled by a deep recession at home and drawn by the promise of a stimulus fueled resurgence in the U.S.

Apprehensions at the southern U.S. border of working-age Mexicans traveling without children have more than doubled since October, to about 40,000 a month, from an average of fewer than 16,000 a month during the previous two years, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. At this pace, 2021 could see the most apprehensions of Mexicans in a decade.

The influx has been largely ignored so far, as the Biden administration struggles with a steep rise in the number of unaccompanied children and families from Central America seeking asylum. Most Mexicans caught at the border are adults traveling without children. The number of repeat attempts at crossing is up sharply from previous years, largely because of a change in U.S. policy last year that resulted in migrants often being expelled within hours of being apprehended instead of being formally deported.

From a high point in the late 1990s and early 2000s, apprehensions of Mexicans at the U.S. border declined steeply as opportunities back home improved, families became smaller financial support from those settled abroad grew, and crossings became more dangerous and costly. But they began to climb back in 2018, the year President Andrés Manuel López Obrador took office and economic growth began to stagnate.

Then the coronavirus crisis hit, crippling the economy. The vast majority of Mexicans who lost their livelihoods in the past year didn’t have unemployment programs for support. And López Obrador has refused to fund a major fiscal stimulus, arguing that past bailouts benefited only the elite. Growth in the U.S. has rebounded more quickly, thanks in part to large injections of government aid, including enhanced jobless benefits.

These divergent realities have led a new generation of Mexicans to weigh the painful decision to leave home and family behind. “What drives migration is relative conditions between Mexico and the United States,” says Brian Cadena, an economist at the University of Colorado at Boulder. “It is not just booms that matter, it is also being hit less hard by a similar shock. If the U.S. is weathering the pandemic relatively well in terms of what the labor market looks like, that is going to continue to drive migration.” Both of José Granadino’s sons departed for the U.S. in recent months. Ramiro, 20, was helping pay for his agronomy degree by working as a sound engineer for events around the family’s home near Ixmiquilpan, about 70 miles north of Mexico City. But the pandemic killed the quinceañera and wedding party business. Meanwhile, his uncles in Oklahoma told him there was plenty of work north of the border. “He started to get desperate,” says Granadino, who went to Florida when he was just 16. “He said, ‘I want to improve myself, I want to do something.’”

In October, Ramiro set off for the U.S., braving a 10-day journey through the Texan desert. Granadino’s 23-year-old son, Victor, followed a month later. The brothers are now working double shifts at bakeries and restaurants in Tulsa.

“Every time there is an economic crisis in the United States, undocumented workers play a key part in the recovery because they are the cheapest to hire and are willing to work in the most adverse conditions,” says Jorge Santibañez, president of the Mexa Institute, based in Washington, D.C., which studies Mexican communities in the U.S.

Ixmiquilpan has been transformed by successive waves of emigration, starting in the 1980s. Thousand of migrants from the region have settled around Clearwater, Fla. Many stayed in the U.S. only five or 10 years, long enough to save money to build their own house in Mexico, buy a truck and a tractor, or start a business. Others stayed, leaving rocky fields at home dotted with half-finished or unoccupied U.S.-style dwellings built with money sent home. Remittances to Ixmiquilpan, mainly from the diaspora, totaled $129 million last year, more than 10 times the municipal budget.

The pandemic hit as many children of the first migrant generation were coming of age. Benigno Ñonthe’s youngest son, Lauro, finished high school and left four months ago. Ñonthe says the boy liked to watch internet videos about the rich and famous. He read Henry Ford’s autobiography and personal finance bestsellers like Rich Dad, Poor Dad, and idolized Michael Jordan and Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim. Lauro’s older siblings had all managed to secure professional jobs in Mexico, but Ñonthe’s youngest told him, “You only go to school to become an employee.”

Ñonthe, who bought a tractor with the money he earned in Florida years ago, warned his son of the risks involved, but he couldn’t dissuade him. “Sometimes you have to let the fear go,” he says. “When he returns, he will have a lot to tell.”

He isn’t even sure which state Lauro is living in, but says he’s found plenty of work in construction. The industry, which relies heavily on unauthorized migrants, has fared better than many others. While nonfarm employment fell about 6% from February 2020 to February 2021, construction employment fell only 3.8%.

Republicans have seized on immigration and asylum as issues that could win them back seats in Congress in next year’s midterm elections. Members of the party have said Biden created a crisis by easing Trump’s rules and using more welcoming rhetoric—even though most of the previous administration’s policies remain in place. On March 23 senior U.S. officials met with Mexican Foreign Secretary Marcelo Ebrard to discuss how to defuse what some are calling a humanitarian crisis.

Santibañez, of the Mexa Institute, says it will be difficult to prevent Mexicans from emigrating as long as demand for labor that’s “diligent, cheap, and available” continues to build north of the border. “Businesses that are trying to recover say to the cook, the handyman, or a construction worker, ‘Get me a cousin of yours or a brother,’ ” he says. “That’s what gets people to go.”

In Mexico, Fabián Morales Marchán, head of Guerrero state’s office for migrant issues, says he doesn’t have data to confirm that migration is picking up. But he points to a morbid marker: In the past three months alone, the bodies of five migrants from his state, all of whom died near the U.S.-Mexico border, were sent home. “In Mexico there’s not any help from governments, which means that the situation in places like Guerrero, or in Mexico more generally, has been far worse than in the U.S.,” he says. “People have had to find a way to help their families.”


【社会科学-行为研究】R model
( WSY -635 字 长精读)

[attach]262309[/attach]

【笔记格式要求】
同学们精读这 2 篇文章并进行笔记打卡

精读笔记格式要求:
1.总结文章中心大意
2.总结分论点或每段段落大意
3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子
4.总结文章中的生词
5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间

这里也给大家三点学习小建议哦~
精读:如遇到读不懂的复杂句,建议找出句子主干,分析句子成分,也可以尝试翻译句子来帮助理解~



作者: 英俊子遥想明天    时间: 2021-4-21 11:59
【社会科学-移民】The Pull of El Norte - More Mexicans are crossing the border into the U.S., reversing a trend of recent years(Bloomberg -1105 字 长精读)

文章大意:美国的墨西哥移民数量在上升,给出原因和目前这场人道主义危机的现状
段落大意:
1、墨西哥萧条的经济+美国的复苏→ 墨西哥人偷渡美国的数量上升
2、正式驱逐变成被捕后的几个小时内驱逐→今年多次尝试过境的人数上升
3、经济原因:墨西哥偷渡美国人数在1990s~2000s下降,但因为2018年Obrado的上台和经济停滞导致偷渡人数上升;疫情进一步恶化墨西哥经济,美墨之间的分裂的现实使得墨西哥年轻人离开背井离乡
4、举例论证目前墨西哥年轻人偷渡美国:Ramrio
5、JS:美国经济的复苏需要墨西哥廉价劳动力
6、墨西哥偷渡美国的人大致分两种:赚够钱回家;呆在美国,定期汇钱
7、在目前疫情的风口,墨西哥新一代韭菜已经长成了,而且家庭教育也鼓励年轻人偷渡美国
8、美国人将这件事归咎于拜登软化的态度;但只要美国对廉价劳动力有需求,偷渡屡禁不止;偷渡已经出现病态的趋势:过去三个月已经出现5具尸体出现在美墨边界

Weather v.平安度过 The country had weathered a serious crisis.这个国家平安度过了危机 morbid病态的 diaspora n.侨民,离散的人  remittance n.汇款 agronomy农业经济 bailout n.紧急援助 influx n.大量涌入 asylum n.收容所
作者: LouisTan    时间: 2021-4-21 15:05
421打卡
作者: Gsbdjxbc    时间: 2021-4-21 15:58
0421

作者: Gsbdjxbc    时间: 2021-4-21 16:02
LouisTan 发表于 2021-4-21 15:05
421打卡

你用的是什么软件...求,感觉学起来很方便
作者: 风一样的小葵    时间: 2021-4-21 16:11
1.总结文章中心大意
墨西哥移民潮的现状和背后原因、历史原因

2.总结分论点或每段段落大意
(what)由于家乡的衰退和美国的复苏使得墨西哥移民数量激增
(what)逮捕不带孩子的非法移民数量激增了2倍+,且重复被逮捕的数量增加,主要原因是去年开始biden的移民政策使得非法移民没有被正式驱逐
(why)1990-2000年移民达到高潮后,之后一直在回落,主要原因是国内机会增加+汇款减少+风险大,但是2018年又开始上升,因为新总统上台后经济停滞
(why)疫情使得墨西哥经济严重损坏,且政府拒绝提供救助,而美国的救助使得美国经济很快复苏
(why)现实的割裂让墨西哥年轻人开始权衡是否离开家庭,每次的经济危机都会激发移民潮
(what)几个现实案例(地区+人):Ixmiquilpan是一个典型的通过几次连续的移民潮带动的地区—有的人赚够钱回家了,有的人不回来了
(then)疫情到来时,第一代移民的子女已经成年,并且也向往移民。小儿子去了建筑行业,是一个今年相对比较好的行业,雇佣了许多无证工人
(why)墨西哥移民的政治角色:政府利用移民宽松来获得政治地位,探讨化解人道主义危机;一定程度上助长了移民
结论:由于墨西哥劳动力太划算,很难阻止移民
(风险)提出病态的现象,政府对移民安全没有任何保障

3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子
Others stayed, leaving rocky fields at home dotted with half-finished or unoccupied U.S.-style dwellings built with money sent home  其他人留下来了,留下的岩石田野上散布着用钱寄回家建造的半成品或空置的美式房屋

4.总结文章中的生词
propell 推进
swelling numbers of 数量多了很多
a stimulus fueled resurgence 被刺激物加速的复苏
apprehension 逮捕
influx 涌入
asylum [əˈsaɪləm]  庇护;收容所,救济院
deport 驱逐出境
expell 驱逐
families became smaller financial support from those settled abroad grew 家庭从海外定居者那里获得的经济支持越来越小
cripple (使)残废;削弱;严重毁坏(机器);给……造成严重问题
bailouts 救助计划
bail 保释,保释人;保释金
weigh the painful decision to do 权衡痛苦的决定
weather the pandemic relatively well 较好地度过大流行
weather 平安度过
agronomy 农艺学
braving a 10-day journey 经历十天的旅程
undocumented workers 无证工人
in the most adverse conditions 在最不利的条件下
emigration 移民
remittance 汇款
diaspora 侨民,离散的人
autobiography 自传
personal finance bestsellers  个人理财畅销书
dissuade 劝阻
divergent realities 现实分歧
has fared better than many others 表现比其他很多更好
fare (特定情况或时期内以某种方式)做,干;发生;结果是
easing Trump’s rules 放宽特朗普的规则
defuse  化解
morbid 病态的

5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间
18min
22min
40min
作者: N0ire    时间: 2021-4-21 17:21
Day 10 打卡
最后一天这个文章长度大概就是 难忘今宵 吧

作者: 风一样的小葵    时间: 2021-4-21 17:36
1.总结文章中心大意
复制性的重要意义和应用

2.总结分论点或每段段落大意
人们一直在忽略可复制性,但是专注于变化可能导致灾难
科学界和其中备受瞩目的杂志都推崇新颖观点,而瞧不上复制。h指数和novelty相关。h指数代表了发表的h篇论文,且每篇论文被引用h次以上。但是这个指数对物理可能不适用,因为有争议性的内容会影响复制
提出复合影响力指数r:原创r个effects并且复制了r次以上。r应该比h小,因为effect在被复制之前应该先出版(?这里是为什么),但是他们可以提供有关研究质量的清晰信息。r指标可以应用的范围更广,提供一种对抗出版和宣传界的偏见的方式。
复制性在非科学界的更广泛应用


3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子

4.总结文章中的生词
conduce to 有助于
empirical 经验的
credo 信条
replicable 可复制的
flicker 闪烁,摇曳;颤动;(情绪等)闪现;快速瞥视;扑动翅膀
ecstasy  狂喜;入迷;忘形
disastrous 灾难的
consign to 委托给
fixate on 固定于,专注于
dustbin 垃圾桶
republishable 可出版的
consign 交付;托运;寄存;把…委托给
eminence 显赫;卓越
unreplicable 不可复制的
complement 补足,补助
each of which others 每一个都是
citation 引文
indices 指数
publisize 宣传;公布
intuit  凭直觉知道
cataclysmic 灾难性的;极不成功的;大变动的
curb 抑制
pan out 成功;结果(是);证明
denigrated 贬低
resolve from 从...解决
high-profile journal 备受瞩目的杂志
laypeople 外行人

5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间
30min
20min
50min
作者: 狒狒小姐    时间: 2021-4-21 18:19
Day 10 阅读打卡

作者: zcling    时间: 2021-4-21 19:43
撒花
今日偷懒
作者: 吃饭睡觉做咸鱼    时间: 2021-4-21 20:04
1背景补充
为何墨西哥人争先恐后偷渡去美国?
https://www.sohu.com/a/337493537_120277583
偷渡实录,美国有张良计,墨西哥人就有过墙梯(真的有)
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/89466182

文章大意
墨西哥偷渡去美国的情况及分析

段落大意
P1-2:受到国内经济衰退和美国的经济复兴的刺激,比以往2年多2倍的的墨西哥人越过北境线
P3:偷渡的墨西哥人急剧增长,而且大部分是没有孩子和家庭的成年人,原因可能是因为美国的政策改变
P4:从1990-2000年偷渡人减少,因为家乡经济机会增加而偷渡成本升高,但在2018年重新开始上涨
P5:疫情加剧了墨西哥经济的不景气,大部分墨西哥人丧失了谋生之道,LO拒绝了财政刺激政策,但美国恢复的更快,因为提高了失业补助
P6:现实的不同让墨西哥人不得不背井离乡偷渡去美国谋生
P7-8:R的分析,阐述墨西哥的廉价劳动力对美国经济恢复的好处
P9:描述Ixmiquilpan的例子
P10-12:墨西哥新一代韭菜长大了,要去美国贡献劳动力了
P13:Biden可能放宽Trump的政策
P14:其实民间默许偷渡
P15:墨西哥政府的漠视,说明墨西哥情况可能比美国糟糕的多,所以大家要偷渡,还要帮助家人偷渡

单词
recession 经济衰退
resurgence 复苏、复兴
apprehension 1.(对未来的)忧虑、担心 2.逮捕、羁押
influx  (人、资金或事物的)涌入,流入:
steep rise 急剧上升
Central America 中美洲(包括危地马拉、伯利兹、洪都拉斯、萨尔瓦多、尼加拉瓜、哥斯达黎加以及巴拿马)
asylum (政治)庇护,避难:
expelled  v. 开除;除名;逐出;驱逐(expel的过去分词)
fiscal stimulus 财政刺激
bailout 紧急财政援助; 金援
elite 上层集团;(统称)掌权人物,社会精英
stagnate 停滞;不发展;不进步
divergent adj. 有分歧的;叉开的;发散的, 扩散的
agronomy 农学,农艺学
diaspora (任何民族的)大移居
dissuade 劝(某人)勿做(某事);劝阻:
rhetoric 华而不实的言语;花言巧语
humanitarian crisis 人道主义危机
morbid  病态的;不正常的

摘抄
Swelling numbers of Mexicans are heading north across the border, propelled by a deep recession at home and drawn by the promise of a stimulus fueled resurgence in the U.S.

Ñonthe, who bought a tractor with the money he earned in Florida years ago, warned his son of the risks involved, but he couldn’t dissuade him.

2
这是个什么鬼!



作者: Alex_xuan    时间: 2021-4-21 20:50
最后一天整的可难受了


作者: pluto1    时间: 2021-4-21 21:05
[attach]260007[/attach]



作者: 好好学习虾    时间: 2021-4-21 21:21
4.21
The Pull of El Norte - More Mexicans are crossing the border into the U.S., reversing a trend of recent years
阅读时间:11’03 总结时间:36’51总时长:59’19
大意:这两年更多墨西哥人(非法)移民美国的原因及这部分移民的生存现状
分论点:
P1-P2:更多的墨西哥人因为国内经济衰退和美国可能到来的经济复苏跨过国境+具体数据
P3:多次尝试跨越边境的墨西哥人也变多了,因为美国国内政策重心的转移,对他们的强制措施没有以前强硬
P4:late 1990s到early 2000s被逮捕的墨西哥人变少了,因为墨西哥国内经济的发展。但2018又回升了,因为经济发展受阻+Obrador上任。
P5:目前因为新冠病毒,墨西哥经济受挫,人们失业,政府不提供财政支持。而同时美国经济恢复更快,疫情控制,增强福利
P6-P7:两国鲜明的对比使很多墨西哥年轻人来到美国,BC还强调了美国相对有更大的对抗风险的能力。举例:JG的儿子们都在美国找新工作
P8-P9:每次美国经济危机这些undocumented workers都是经济恢复的关键力量。举例I城的人,在美打工挣了不少钱。
P10-P12:疫情下非法移民的生活状态:很多初代移民的孩子没学上;和家人鲜少联系
P13-P15:墨西哥非法移民面对的一些非人道的待遇:廉价、生命安全不被保护;但美国对劳动力的需求一直吸引他们

摘抄:These divergent realities have led a new generation of Mexicans to weigh the painful decision to leave home and family behind.
生词:Swelling增多,肿胀 Apprehension理解,恐惧,逮捕 stagnate停滞淤塞 bailout紧急救助 agronomy农学 quinceañera成人礼 asylum庇护 morbid病态的

R model
阅读时间:6’26 总结时间:33’41总时长:48’12
大意:可重复性在科学界常被忽视,但实际可重复性在科学界和科学界都挺有用
分论点:
P1:佛教故事引出话题
P2:可重复性的含义,在科学界常被忽视
P3:忽视可重复性是合乎人类天性的:为了节约能量,神经系统如此;但只关注变化可能会带来灾难
P4:文化也会使人专注变化。比如科学界强调创新。"h—index"被引用的次数这个维度是科学界评价论文的重要标准。但也会造成问题:比如故意写有争议的文章,让大家去引用
P5:提议增加一个可复制性指标:r肯定比h低,但r有助于对抗偏见
P6-P7:可复制性在非科学界更有用,使人们注意到累积的贡献,应该被更广泛的运用于公共政策领域。可复制性应该在更多的领域被肯定。
生词: consign to交付给,抛弃 fixate on执着于,专注于 fixation固定,痴迷 dustbin垃圾箱 intuit由直觉知道 pan out成功laypeople 外行counterintuitive违反直觉的denigrated诋毁,诽谤

作者: 飞跃重洋2017    时间: 2021-4-21 21:38
Day 10 打卡
作者: 糖糖822    时间: 2021-4-21 22:13

DAY 10

作者: Hahaha~    时间: 2021-4-21 22:22
day 10

作者: Leonado7    时间: 2021-4-21 22:44
打卡

作者: miemie_yang    时间: 2021-4-21 22:55
Day10 打卡

作者: 塔塔Thanos    时间: 2021-4-21 22:55
https://mubu.com/doc/1DMvBpWcuqQ
毕业撒花!
作者: zhangmenghan    时间: 2021-4-21 22:58



作者: Ataitaitai    时间: 2021-4-21 23:00
The Pull of El Norte - More Mexicans are crossing the border into the U.S., reversing a trend of recent years

主旨:移民美国的墨西哥人数量的持续上升的原因和现状
段落大意:
        1-2 介绍背景:墨西哥衰退和美国复苏使墨西哥移民增加,非法移民逮捕数增加了且重复逮捕数增加,原因是拜登移民政策。
        3-5 原因:移民潮自2000年后回落,2018年后有上升。
                          疫情严重破坏墨西哥,美国复苏的挺快
                          现实让墨西哥年轻人做选择
        6-7:举例:微观ixmiquilipan; 宏观
        8:补充: 墨西哥移民的政治角色
        9:结论:墨西哥移民很划算,难阻止

重要句子:
From a high point in the late 1990s and early 2000s, apprehensions of Mexicans at the U.S. border declined steeply as opportunities back home improved, families became smaller financial support from those settled abroad grew, and crossings became more dangerous and costly.
词汇:
propell 推进
swelling numbers of 数量多了很多
a stimulus fueled resurgence 被刺激物加速的复苏
apprehension 逮捕
influx 涌入
asylum [əˈsaɪləm]  庇护;收容所,救济院
deport 驱逐出境
expell 驱逐
families became smaller financial support from those settled abroad grew 家庭从海外定居者那里获得的经济支持越来越小
cripple (使)残废;削弱;严重毁坏(机器);给……造成严重问题
bailouts 救助计划
bail 保释,保释人;保释金
weigh the painful decision to do 权衡痛苦的决定
weather the pandemic relatively well 较好地度过大流行
weather 平安度过
agronomy 农艺学
braving a 10-day journey 经历十天的旅程
undocumented workers 无证工人
in the most adverse conditions 在最不利的条件下
emigration 移民
remittance 汇款
diaspora 侨民,离散的人
autobiography 自传
personal finance bestsellers  个人理财畅销书
dissuade 劝阻
divergent realities 现实分歧
has fared better than many others 表现比其他很多更好
fare (特定情况或时期内以某种方式)做,干;发生;结果是
easing Trump’s rules 放宽特朗普的规则
defuse  化解
morbid 病态的
耗时:57min (7min阅读 +50min总结)

R model
主旨:可重复性经常被忽视,但实际上很有用
段落大意:
        1. 引出话题:佛教故事
        2. 可重复性含义
        3. 意义:合乎人类本性;但只关注变化会带来灾难
        4. 文化使人专注变化,举例:h -index
        5. 建议:增加一个可重复性指标
        6-7:可重复性在非科学界意义
句子:无
词汇:无
耗时:35min (5min阅读 + 30min总结)

作者: CCCGO    时间: 2021-4-21 23:21
The Pull of El Norte - MoreMexicans are crossing the border into the U.S., reversing a trend of recentyears
1.总结文章中心大意
   The number of Mexicans crossing the borderinto US is up sharply and would continue to increase.
2.总结分论点或每段段落大意
  The number of Mexicans who cross the borderinto the US is increasing sharply, especially the number of Mexicans travellingwithout children.
  The influx is ignored: the government focusedon the number of children and family, but in fact, most Mexicans are travellingwithout children, and the number of repeat attempts is up sharply.
  
  1990s-2000s: the number declined. Becausemore opportunities in Mexico, and crossing is more dangerous and costly.
  2018: the number became increasing again.Because no increase in economic in Mexico.
  2020-2021: the number is up sharply. Thecovid-19 crippled economic.
  Mexico: no job opportunity, no unemploymentprograms.
  US: government aid, enhanced jobless benefits.
  BC’s view: US hit less hard than Mexico underthe same shock, this relative condition is the key drives migration.
  Examples: JG’S two sons. To prove the reasonmentioned in the previous paragraph why the Mexican decide to cross the borderinto US.
  What is the effect of migration for US?
  JS’s view: Bring in large number of cheapworkers. They help a lot to recover the economic.
  
  Different types of migrants:
  1. Stay a few years to save enough money thenreturn home.
  2. stayed and send money home.
  3. Young who dreamed of being rich and famoussearch for their lucky chance.
  The number of crossing border Mexicans muchbe keep up, because:
  1. Biden’s policy.
  2. Large demand for cheap labor
  3. US is much better than Mexico
   
3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子
   The influx has been largely ignored so far,as the Biden administration struggles with a steep rise in the number ofunaccompanied children and families from Central America seeking asylum.
    Get me a cousin of yours or a brother.
4.总结文章中的生词
  Swellingn. 肿胀,肿块;膨胀
                 v. 肿胀,膨胀;(使)凸出,鼓出;增大,增多,增强;(情绪)高涨,充满
  recession n. 衰退;不景气;后退;凹处
  resurgence n. 复活;再现;再起
  influx n. 流入;汇集;河流的汇集处
  asylum n. 庇护;收容所,救济院
  apprehension n. 理解;恐惧;逮捕;忧惧
  stagnate vi. 停滞;淤塞;变萧条
                 vt. 使淤塞;使沉滞;使萧条
  cripple vt. (使)跛;(使)残废;削弱;严重毁坏(机器);给……造成严重问题
  bailouts n. 紧急救助;跳伞
  agronomy n. 农学;农艺学;农业经济学
  diaspora n. 离散的犹太人;犹太人的离散
  rhetoric n. 修辞,修辞学;华丽的词藻
               adj. 花言巧语的
5.阅读时间: 9min
   总结时间: 25min
R model
1.总结文章中心大意
   Explain what is r-index, and why it is helpful.
2.总结分论点或每段段落大意
  “see for yourself” is redo for science.
  Replicable:different people find same thing from repeated experiment
  Naturallythe replicability is ignored. Why?
  Becausehuman nervous systems are designed to respond to rapid changes. No need tofixating on fast changes.
  But forslowly growing problems, fixation is very useful.
  
  In sciencepublication filed, h-index is used to show the number of cited one scientist’spaper.
  
  Why notuse a r-index? It can provide a measure to combat biases against replications.
  
  The r-indexis also useful for nonscientists, eg for investigators, for journalist, andeven for individuals to optimize personal habits.
  Conclusion:Replication is useful and helpful.
3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子
   First paragraph.
  
  Fixatingon fast change makes adaptive sense… have already passed?
  Most investigatorswho have spent... or charitable interpretations.
4.总结文章中的生词
  Implicitlyadv. 含蓄地;暗中地
  Fixate v. (使)痴迷,依恋,固着于;使(人、性欲)在幼年时受压抑从而产生固着;注视
  Disastrous adj. 灾难性的;损失惨重的;悲伤的
  Eminence n. 显赫;卓越;高处
  Intuit vt. 由直觉知道
           vi. 凭直觉知道
  denigrate vt. 诋毁;使变黑;玷污
5.阅读时间: 8min
   总结时间: 35min

作者: 2020实力保佑!    时间: 2021-4-21 23:21
打卡!今天两篇文章看了三个多小时。。。
作者: tony_j.sp    时间: 2021-4-21 23:27
day 10 打卡
作者: vivianjy    时间: 2021-4-21 23:30
第一篇

大量墨西哥人偷渡美国数量急剧上升+原因
疫情下两国完全,墨西哥经济不景气,美国迅速恢复。
下一代不得不背井离乡,增添劳动力,恢复美国经济。
举例Ixmiquilpan
后续Biden可能会放宽Trump政策
民间因劳动力很难组织偷渡,且无墨西哥政府的协助。

asylum庇护
apprehended 逮捕
expelled 开除驱逐
agronomy 农学
tractor 拖拉机
dissuade 劝阻
morbid 病态

用时20min


第二篇

背景引入:Buddha
Replicable: Repeatable experiments
自然的忽视可重复性。
文化可促进固定变化。
引出:可增加重复性指标h/r。
重复性指标在非科学界也大有所用。
重复指标应被鼓励肯定而不是诋毁。

Explicitly 明确地
Flicker闪烁
Fixation固定
denigrated诋毁,诽谤

用时 20min

作者: 沈烤鸡过700    时间: 2021-4-21 23:35
打卡!

作者: Jack.Lu    时间: 2021-4-21 23:37
The Pull of El Norte - More Mexicans are crossing the border into the U.S., reversing a trend of recent years
1,主旨

墨西哥移民大量涌入,原因及其影响


2,段落

P1:大量墨西哥移民涌入美国,1,墨西哥经济差2,美国前景好

P2:非法越境被捕人数增加

P3:原因一:由正式驱逐变成驱逐

P4:被捕人数在上世界90年代到了顶峰,然后一直下降,2018年又出现拐点,因为墨西哥经济差

P5:疫情之后,墨西哥更加严重,美国转好

P6-7:年轻人更向往去美国,例子

P8:美国经济能复苏,是因为移民的工资最低,条件最差

P9:举例,一个城市因移民而兴起

P10-12:具体的年轻人去美国的例子

P13:共和党人利用移民问题赚选票

P14-15:移民潮势不可挡



3,生词

swelling:n. 肿胀,肿块;膨胀

                v. 肿胀,膨胀;(使)凸出,鼓出;增大,增多,增强;(情绪)高涨,充满(swell 的现在分词)
drawn by:绘图
stimulus:n. 刺激;激励;刺激物
resurgence:n. 复活;再现;再起
apprehension:n. 理解;恐惧;逮捕;忧惧
asylum:n. 庇护;收容所,救济院
stagnate:vi. 停滞;淤塞;变萧条
                 vt. 使淤塞;使沉滞;使萧条
bailout:n. 紧急救助;跳伞
divergent:adj. 相异的,分歧的;求异的,发散的;散开的
bakery:n. 面包店
remittance:n. 汇款;汇寄之款;汇款额
seize on:抓住;占有
humanitarian:adj. 人道主义的;博爱的;基督凡人论的
                        n. 人道主义者;慈善家;博爱主义者;基督凡人论者

4,句子

Republicans have seized on immigration and asylum as issues that could win them back seats in Congress in next year’s midterm elections

5,时间

11m,25m,36m




R model


1,主旨
重复性指数的应用和意义

2,段落
P1-4:R model经常被忽略,以及背后原因,人的本性,和文化的原因
P5-7:为什么R model 很重要,以及R model的好处


3,生词
buddha:n. 佛陀;佛像
conduce to:有助于;导致
credo:n. 信条,教义
implicity:n. 不怀疑;隐晦,含蓄
flicker:v. 闪烁,摇曳;颤动;(情绪等)闪现;快速瞥视;扑动翅膀
            n. 闪烁,闪光;霎时的感情(犹豫、激动等);抖动,颤动;(电影的)图像闪烁;微小动作;(鸟)扑翅鴷属
pounding:n. 重击;重击声;(非正式)大败;有节奏的跳动;遭重创的情景
                 adj. 巨大的;重重的
                  v. 捣碎;向……猛打;重敲;彻底击败(对手);把(动物)关进官设畜栏(pound 的现在分词)
ecstasy:n. 狂喜;入迷;忘形
fixating:注视
adaptive:adj. 适应的,适合的
disastrous:adj. 灾难性的;损失惨重的;悲伤的
dustbin:n. 垃圾箱
citation:n. 引用,引证;[法] 传票;褒扬
intuit:vt. 由直觉知道
          vi. 凭直觉知道
pan out:成功;结果(是);证明
cataclysmic:adj. 灾难性的;极不成功的;大变动的
cumulative:adj. 累积的
intervention:n. 介入;调停;妨碍
celebrate:vt. 庆祝;举行;赞美;祝贺;宣告
                 vi. 庆祝;过节;举行宗教仪式
denigrate:vt. 诋毁;使变黑;玷污
4,句子

5,时间
6m,35m,41m


作者: jiajiajiayi    时间: 2021-4-21 23:40
打卡day10

作者: CNJYD    时间: 2021-4-21 23:56
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作者: CNJYD    时间: 2021-4-21 23:57
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作者: 想考IVY    时间: 2021-4-21 23:59
day10
task1:  
P1:描述一种现象,墨西哥人跨越边界的数字不断增加
P2:这种现象越来越多
P3:墨西哥人1990s-2000年边界的人在不断减少,反乡机率在不断增加,家庭因此增加,但随着某位president的上台,经济开始停滞了
P4:疫情的影响导致墨西哥人的失业
P5:

(先交个一半的作业)

作者: 再战请勿拦    时间: 2021-4-22 00:01
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作者: 吃屁熊熊    时间: 2021-4-22 00:03
打卡4.21
作者: famerica    时间: 2021-4-22 00:12
day10

作者: 超级努力的Evita    时间: 2021-4-22 00:15
【DAY 10】
【社会科学-移民】The Pull of El Norte - More Mexicans are crossing the border into the U.S., reversing a trend of recent years
1.        主旨:墨西哥到美国移民数量近年增长及其原因分析(主要跟生活质量的相对水平有关)
2.        结构:
【P1-P2】事实,墨西哥移民数量近年猛增及数据
【P3-P5】移民数量增加的原因(政策、疫情)
【P6-P7】移民对新一代的影响
【P8】移民劳动力廉价,对恢复经济有帮助
【P9】移民对墨西哥的区域性的影响
【P10-P11】移民对墨西哥人意识形态的影响
【P12-P14】政府态度
3.        生词:Swelling肿胀;propelled推动,驱使;reversing颠倒,改变;stimulus刺激;resurgence复活,再起;Apprehension逮捕,恐惧,理解;asylum避难所;expelled驱逐;crippling削弱;bailouts紧急援助,跳伞;rebound反弹;divergent分歧的;agronomy农学;Remittance汇款;diaspora某一民族的大移居;
4.        句子:he industry, which relies heavily on unauthorized migrants, has fared better than many others.
5.        时间:
【第一遍】阅读6’31’’,总结大纲8’18’’
【第二遍】精读+标注单词11‘40’‘’
【总时间】约30mins
【R】
1.        主旨:对比R和H指数,并列举R指数的优点,认为应该推广R指数
2.        结构:
【P1】引子,佛教典故引出关于“重复”的重要性
【P2-P4】举出对立面,人们更喜欢新的东西,在科学和文化上都不喜欢重复。推崇H指数,但H指数不准。
【P5】介绍R及其在科研上的意义
【P6】R指数在非科研界的意义
【P7】总结,应该推崇R指数
3.        生词:credo信条;replicable可复制的;flicker闪烁;pounding重击;ecstasy狂喜,忘形;fixate痴迷,固着于;disastrous灾难性的;consign交付;eminence卓越;intuit凭直觉知道;pan out成功;cataclysmic灾难性的;laypeople外行;counterintuitive违反直觉的;replicability criteria可复制性标准;denigrate诋毁;
4.        句子:As a result, laypeople and journalists are repeatedly surprised to find the latest counterintuitive finding overturned by new results.
5.        时间:
【第一遍】阅读6’45’’,总结大纲5’29’’
【第二遍】精读+标注单词9‘14’‘’
【总时间】约25mins

作者: ccccherry    时间: 2021-4-22 00:26
[attach]260034[/attach]

作者: wangminghan    时间: 2021-4-22 00:51
第一篇
阅读时间10分钟,总结15分钟
Core: More Mexicans are smuggling to the U.S. owing to the pandemic.
Excerpt:
Swelling numbers of Mexicans are heading north across the border, propelled by a deep recession at home and drawn by the promise of a stimulus fueled resurgence in the U.S.
The influx has been largely ignored so far, as the Biden administration struggles with a steep rise in the number of unaccompanied children and families from Central America seeking asylum
These divergent realities have led a new generation of Mexicans to weigh the painful decision to leave home and family behind.
If the U.S. is weathering the pandemic relatively well in terms of what the labor market looks like, that is going to continue to drive migration.”
Others stayed, leaving rocky fields at home dotted with half-finished or unoccupied U.S.-style dwellings built with money sent home.
Apprehension: 忧虑,担心;恐惧
agronomy: 农艺学

第二篇
阅读时间8分钟,总结10分钟
Core:
The proposed R model may be a factor of evaluating reliability.
Excerpt:
Although scientists implicitly respect replicability, they do not typically explicitly reward it.
Human nervous systems are designed to respond to rapid changes, ranging from subtle visual flickers to pounding rushes of ecstasy. Fixating on fast change makes adaptive sense—why spend limited energy on opportunities or throats that have already passed?
Most investigators have spent significant time in the salt mines of the laboratory already intuit that most ideas don't pan out, and those that do sometimes result from chance or charitable interpretations.
Along those lines, It Is Interesting to consider applying replicability criteria to public-policy interventions.
designed to improve health, enhance education, or curb violence
As running water resolves rock from mud, so can replicability highlight the most reliable findings, investigators, journals, and even fields. More broadly, replicability may provide an indispensable tool for evaluating both personal and public policies
Words:
laypeople: 普通教徒,平信徒
fixation: 异常依恋,固恋;癖



作者: 咖喱团    时间: 2021-4-22 01:39
Day 10!~

作者: Ninalu986    时间: 2021-4-22 02:38
揽瓜阁俱乐部第七期
  Day10 2021.04.21

【社会科学-移民】The Pull of El Norte - More Mexicans are crossing the border into the U.S., reversing a trend of recent years
(Bloomberg -1105 字 长精读)
1.        总结文章中心大意
疫情期间墨西哥移民美国新潮流及趋势

2.总结分论点或每段段落大意
P1 墨西哥经济衰退,受经济刺激计划美国经济复苏,大批墨西哥人向美国北部边境出发。
P2  2021将成为近十年美国边境逮捕非法穿越墨西哥人最多的一年。
P3-5 墨西哥人近十年非法穿越情况及美墨疫情后经济回复的截然相反。
P6-8举例非法穿越成功的两兄弟
P9 大批墨西哥人前往美国对墨西哥城市Ixmiquilpan的影响。
P10-12  第一代迁徙者的下一代刚好赶上疫情,也开始前往美国。
P13-15 这一移民潮会在明年中期选举中被共和党利用。美国需要大量的廉价勤奋能干的工人,墨西哥政府又不能挽救民生,这一移民趋势不可阻挡。  
3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子
These divergent realities have led a new generation of Mexicans to weigh the painful decision to leave home and family behind.
In October, Ramiro set off for the U.S., braving a 10-day journey through the Texan desert.
4.总结文章中的生词
Pull吸引力 propel驱使  resurgence复活   Apprehension逮捕  influx涌入  asylum收容所  deport驱逐出境  bailout紧急救助 agronomy农学  double shifts两班倒  Remittance汇款  diaspora流落他乡的人  idolize崇拜 fare better变得更好  humanitarian crisis
人道主义危机  morbid病态的  
5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间
Totally47 m( skimming 12 m,精读和笔记单词等35m)

作者: Izzieezi    时间: 2021-4-22 03:08
七 Day10打卡
作者: landen    时间: 2021-4-22 04:28
Day10 打卡!
作者: Ninalu986    时间: 2021-4-22 05:35
【社会科学-行为研究】R model
( WSY -635 字 长精读)
1.        总结文章中心大意
R model的必要性
2.        总结分论点或每段段落大意
一件事情重复做的价值?从发明到健身,工作等?没太看懂。
3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子
“See for yourself”is an unspoken credo of science.
4.总结文章中的生词
Buddha佛陀   credo信条   explicitly明确的  flicker  pounding重击   ecstasy狂喜  fixate痴迷   disastrous灾难性的  greenhouse gas n. 二氧化碳、甲烷等导致温室效应的气体 consign委托  indice指数  combat反对  cataclysmic灾难性的  laypeople外行  denigrate诋毁
5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间
Totally 32m( skimming 6 m,精读和笔记单词等26m)

作者: yyking625    时间: 2021-4-22 11:36
第一篇【结构】
墨西哥移民潮
分别论述现象:家乡不好美国好,移民增;原因:新总统经济停滞,年轻人离开家;疫情到来后的情况;最后墨西哥移民的政治意义:政府利用移民宽松来获得自己的政治地位,一定程度助长移民。
第二篇【结构】
1-2 做自行证实的有益的事 see for yourself (实践出真知?) vs replicable
3-4 可复制性被人类忽略,现象解释:一是nervous系统的自设,二是文化&“h指标”让学者发表有争议的不可复制信息来增加impact factor
5 以上,为何不也出一个“r指标”来鼓励复制呢?r指标可能低于h指标,但是r能代表研究质量,反对对出版复制性的偏见。
6 “r指标”在非科学领域更有用。科学家知道重复才是途径,相反外行总是惊叹于反直觉的发现。r能帮助让人们注意累计的贡献,比如:持续的改进健康,教育,抑制暴力等。还有最大化个人习惯。
7 继续延伸r的重要意义需要被加强。水滴石穿?r应用于policy和选人。
【单词】
conduce 有益 有贡献于
credo 信条
replicable 可复制性
fixation 固化 别忘了还有“注视”的意思 fixation on change 专注于变化
novelty 新颖(原创)
pounding 重击 ecstasy 入迷 狂喜
flickers 灯光闪烁摇曳
consign 丢弃
eminence 卓越 显赫
index的复数 indices
intuit 凭直觉知道
pan out 自己泛出水面
media filtered 媒体过滤过的
laypeople 外行
denigrate 诋毁
作者: 想考IVY    时间: 2021-4-23 16:27
day10 task2 补卡
作者: Charlotte50    时间: 2021-4-23 17:46
7.0 完结散花,太不容易了

作者: Claire薇荇    时间: 2021-5-5 11:32
奇怪看不到第二篇
作者: 清影嘿嘿    时间: 2021-8-31 12:01
wsy7.0 最后一天结束!继续往前补作业

作者: 阿杂西    时间: 2021-11-2 20:41
1.越来越多墨西哥人进入美国,
2.工作年龄的墨西哥人是之前的两倍
3.墨西哥人的流入目前被忽略,因为拜登忙于处理美国中部没有陪伴的孩子的数量急剧增长问题。由于去年政策的变化,流入的墨西哥人急剧增加,大部分都是没有携带孩子的成年人,经常被赶出去而不是正式通知。
4.从边境进入美国的墨西哥人在1990年末达到顶峰,后来因为政策的改变,移民定居的墨西哥人受到更小的资金支持以及越境变得更危险和花费更高。但是由于去年墨西哥新总统上任,经济变得稳定,越境的墨西哥人逐渐增加。
5.疫情使经济波动。主要的墨西哥人在美国得不到失业补助。墨西哥总统也拒绝提供财政刺激。美国的增加回弹的更快,归因于大量的政府补助和失业补贴。
6.让墨西哥人摇摆的是墨西哥和美国的相关情况。美国拥有更好地就业机会。
7.R出发去美国,V一个月猴也去了。两兄弟在烘焙店和餐馆工作。
8.每当美国有经济危机,发挥最大作用的是墨西哥人,他们最希望得到工作以最低的价格在最差的条件。
9.一个城市被连续的移民浪潮改变。墨西哥人在这里工作5年或10年,然后回墨西哥建房子,买车。另一些墨西哥人在此定居,留下半装修的美国式房屋。
10.疫情冲击伴随着很多第一代移民的孩子到了年级。BN的最年轻的儿子,受到一些名人的影响,读完高中就离开了。认为继续上学只能打工。
11.N警告了他的儿子现在的风险,但他不能说服他。
12.N不确定儿子在哪个州,只知道他找到了很多跟建设有关的工作。建设行业比其他工资要高,当非农场就业率降低了6%,建设就业率只降低了3%。
13.共和党重新赢回了很多国会的席位因为移民和asylum的问题。共和党的成员说拜登通过放松特朗普的政策和欢迎的辞令创造了一个危机,尽管大多数之前的行政政策仍然有效。美国官员和墨西哥秘书见面讨论如何化解一个称为人类危机。
14.S认为很难去阻止墨西哥人移民只要勤奋、便宜、可得的劳动力的需求持续建设北部边境。
15.墨西哥政府没有帮助人民,人们需要找一个方式去帮助他们的家庭。





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