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标题: [阅读小分队] 揽瓜阁做题小分队 第9天 经济指标 [打印本页]

作者: 小白斩鸡    时间: 2021-4-8 18:16
标题: [阅读小分队] 揽瓜阁做题小分队 第9天 经济指标
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American economists continually attempt to gauge the health of the economy, both for the gain of the private sector as well as for the global standing of the United States. Different elements of the economy react differently to changes in prosperity. Some elements rise and fall as the economy waxes and wanes. These are known as coincident indicators. Other elements are known as leading indicators and usually show a downturn before the economy does. A third group of elements are known as lagging indicators and lose vigor only after the economy has already begun to slow. Economists can predict the direction of the economy by monitoring these indicators.

Coincident indicators, such as manufacturing and employment rates, are the best gauge of the current state of the economy. A continued shift in these indicators allows economists to determine whether the economy itself is in the process of an upturn or a downturn. These indicators coincide with shifts in the economy because they are dependent on sustained prosperity. But since coincident indicators reflect only the current state of the economy, they are not especially useful in predicting how the economy will perform in the near future. Economists must look to other indicators for that.

The indicators with the greatest predictive power are leading indicators, such as mortgage applications and profit margins. When these indicators rise or fall, economists can often foretell similar changes in the country’s economic health. These indicators do not cause changes in the economy. Rather, they often signal changes in economic behavior that lead to shifts in the economic cycle. By contrast, the third type of indicator – lagging indicators – is useless as a harbinger of change. But these indicators can be helpful in confirming the assessments of economists.

Determining which elements of the economy fall into which category of indicator requires analysis of copious data and an understanding of the factors that propel the economy. One must determine which events surrounding a turn in the business cycle actually contributed to the change. Establishing a solid framework for understanding the behavior of these indicators helps economists to avoid miscalculations and to guide the country through periods of slow or negative economic growth.



1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. compare the utility of various economic indicators
B. explain the process by which economists draw conclusions about key factors of economic change
C. present a conceptual framework used by economists to prescribe economic goals
D· trace the development of a set of economic devices
E. argue for the continued evaluation of economic factors affecting the business cycle



2. The information in the passage suggests that which of the following would most strongly indicate an imminent change in the business cycle?
A. a decrease in the employment rate
B. a decrease in the number of new homes built per month
C. an increase in the number of new automobiles produced each month
D. an increase in the difference between manufacturing costs and retail revenues for large home appliances
E. a decrease in the number of corporate bankruptcies per month


3. According to the passage, the main purpose of economic indicators is which of the following?
A. to facilitate the analysis necessary to maintain forward economic momentum
B. to allow investors to time their investments in sync with economic cycles
C. to foster healthy economic competition among various commercial sectors
D. to bring to light several key factors in economic downturns
E. to promote widespread understanding of economic principles


4. The passage suggests that lagging indicators would be least helpful in determining which of the following?
A. whether predictions based on the behavior of the mortgage market were accurate
B. whether companies ought to cut costs in order to avoid short-term losses
C. whether recent trends in the employment rate were consistent with the overall economic picture
D. whether financial analysts are correct in their assessment of recent economic developments
E. whether the government was justified in taking action to boost the economy




参考答案,做完才看 :)




作者: Playgirl130    时间: 2021-4-8 19:46
P1:经济学家会用三种指标来判断经济的走势,及这三种指标的定义
P2:同步型指标,例如就业率,以及生产型指标。它和经济涨跌同步发生
P3:预测型指标:如边际利润以及抵押贷款,它并不直接导致经济发生变化,但是可以帮助预判。滞后性指标,它不能帮助预判,但是可以用来证实之前的推测。
P4:指标分类很重要,经济学家有时候需要通过建模的方式来决定哪个指标属于哪一项。这些指标可以被经济学家用来帮助避免出现严重的问题;或者说当低谷的时候,提供指引方向。
我选:ADAB
作者: Ataitaitai    时间: 2021-4-8 22:06
第一段: 介绍美国经济学常用的由不同经济要素组成的经济指标。
第二段:介绍coincident指标:只能分析当下,不能预测未来
第三段:介绍有最强预言能力的指标:不导致经济变化,但能为变化发出信号; 最垃圾的指标:lagging指标:只能用来确认经济学家分析的对不对。
第四段:运用这些指标的要求
AAAB
作者: 塔塔Thanos    时间: 2021-4-8 22:28
1、Gague the economy by 3 groups indicators
2、C.I.的解析
3,PI和LI的解析
3、indicators 使用的summary

EBAA

作者: yyking625    时间: 2021-4-8 23:20
ADAB
作者: Jack.Lu    时间: 2021-4-8 23:26
ADAD
P1:经济学家使用三种信号
P2:coincident indicators 的的作用
P3: leading indicators and lagging indicators 的作用
P4:研究这些indicators 的作用
作者: N0ire    时间: 2021-4-8 23:54
6min
主旨:经济预测中的3种类型指标
P1: 为了保证美国经济健康运行和全球竞争力,经济学家使用3种类型指标评估经济情况;
P2: 第一种是相关因素,如制造业指数和就业率,是伴随经济状况变化而变化的,它们用来刻画现在;
P3: 第二种是领导因素,如抵押申请率和利润率,它们预示经济走向;第三种是滞后因素,它们验证预测的准确度;
P4: 经济指标属于哪种类型需要非常审慎的论证,因为经济学家需要可靠的指标来预测经济走向以帮助国家穿越周期。

ADAE
作者: Dianita    时间: 2021-4-9 00:53
用时:阅读3+做题3.5min

cddb
第一段:
gauge the health of the economy;三类指标;观测指标,预测经济走势。

第二段:
coincident indicators反映经济现状(如manufacturing and employment rates)

第三段:
leading indicators最能预测经济 但不是cause(如mortgage applications and profit margins)
对比:lagging indicators 不用于预测 而是用于confirming/double check

第四段:正确分类-形成框架-作用

作者: 狒狒小姐    时间: 2021-4-9 08:13
CDDD
10 mins
作者: miemie_yang    时间: 2021-4-9 08:20
答案:A D D A
第一段:给出三种indicators
第二段:coincident indicators的作用
第三段:leading and laging indicators的特点和作用
第四段:indicators对于经济学家和经济来说的作用
作者: 速水愛媛    时间: 2021-4-9 09:11
ADAE
作者: Claire薇荇    时间: 2021-4-9 09:39
3 economic indicators - traits of coincident indicators - traits of leading + lagging indicators - use indicators to establish a solid framework to help economists

ADAB
作者: Fayefx    时间: 2021-4-9 11:19
ADAC
作者: winonabreath-yy    时间: 2021-4-9 11:25
Mark一下!               
作者: CrazyRusher    时间: 2021-4-9 14:45
AAAB
大致介绍了经济指标的分类:即时指标、领先指标、滞后指标
即时指标就是反应当前经济的,如果需要预测的话就需要其他指标
领先指标就是预测未来经济的,滞后指标不能用来预测,只能用来确定经济学家的评估
对于一项指标如何分类需要经济学家对于指标的性质有充分的理解。一个完整的指标体系能够帮助经济学家避免误算和更好地指导国家。
作者: LindsayPark    时间: 2021-4-9 15:35
CDDC
P1:提出三种经济学家关心的指数来分析经济情况
P2:第一种指数的优缺点
P3:第二种和第三种指数的优缺点
P4:专家应该知道什么时候用哪一种指数

作者: HHHHRane    时间: 2021-4-9 15:39
ADAB

主旨:讲美国经济指标的主要三个类别以及各自的作用

第一段:主要有三个经济指标:coincident, leading, and lagging。以及经济学家为什么要研究这三个指标
第二段:coincident指标:目前经济状态,但无法预测未来经济走势
第三段:leading指标:客观预测未来经济走势(例如贷款率和利润率),但不能去改变经济。lagging往往用做确认经济学家们的经济预估
第四段:应用以上经济指标的前提
作者: 大大大kk    时间: 2021-4-9 21:00
描述三种经济指标特征及应用
p1: 总说有三种指标
p2: 介绍coincident indicators (优劣势)
p3: 介绍leading indicators和lagging indicators(优劣势)
p4: 总结:根据不同需要采用不同指标
ADAB
作者: sanfanwangyue    时间: 2021-4-9 21:20
P1 Economic indicators: Coincident, leading and lagging indicators
P2: Typical coincident indicators and their function
P3: Typical leading and lagging indicators and their functions
P4: The importance of these indicators
CDDB

作者: sekicc    时间: 2021-4-9 21:42
1. 引出论点
2. 说明
3. 补充说明
4. 总结
ADAB
作者: 星v座v书v上    时间: 2021-4-9 22:16
ADAB
作者: ccccherry    时间: 2021-4-9 22:32
AECB
讲三个经济导向因素
作者: 2022Tiramisu    时间: 2021-4-10 00:43
ADAB
作者: CCCGO    时间: 2021-4-10 10:42
ADAB
作者: 半日大哥    时间: 2021-4-10 16:29
BDAE
用时8分半
1. 美国经济学家一直尝试测量经济是否健康,会用到三种指标: 重合、提前、滞后。
2. 重合指标,例如制造业指数和失业率, 与当前经济周期同步。
3. 提前指标,例如按揭贷款申请数、利润率,可以用来预测接下来的经济周期。
4. 滞后指标,可以用来确认经济学家们早先的评估和预测
5. 指标分类很难。一个严谨的框架可以帮助经济学家避免错误估计以及指导国家度过缓慢期或者低潮期。
作者: xbzxbz    时间: 2021-4-10 20:37
说明文
第一段:背景+point 三要素
第二段:要素1展开
第三段:要素2和要素3展开
第四段:展开,如何利用三要素
CACB
作者: RxxMewo    时间: 2021-4-10 22:58
AAAB 8min
介绍各种economic indicators 可以帮助经济学家评估经济状况
介绍coincident indictors
介绍leading &lagging indicators
要结合多种indictors的behavior一起评估

作者: LouisTan    时间: 2021-4-10 23:00
文章结构:
        1. 美国经济学家判断经济健康的指标:coincident indicators, leading indicators, lagging indicators
        2. Coincident indicators是判断current economy最好的指标,可以知道上行还是下行;但是不能预测未来
        3. Leading indicators可以判断当前的经济行为是否对未来产生影响;
        Lagging indicators不能预测未来,但是可以确认对经济的评估
        4. 建立一个框架,有助于经济学家避免误判
       
ADAB
作者: irisville    时间: 2021-4-11 12:44
ADAB
作者: CNJYD    时间: 2021-4-11 17:11
AEDD
作者: _Salaxy_    时间: 2021-4-12 14:09
P1:介绍三种经济学家用来预测经济发展方向的数据指标
P2:C指标是经济现状的最佳测量指标但在预测经济未来发展并无用。
P3E指标通常被用来预测未来经济发展;相反,LA指标并不反应变化,但对于确认经济学家的评估是最有效的。
P4:数据指标的意义。搭建理解这些数据指标的固定框架能极大帮助经济学家规避错误计算并指引国家经济发展。
AEAC
作者: JOEY要上博科尼    时间: 2021-4-17 13:08
1
作者: SchodingerCat    时间: 2021-5-3 23:58
ADAB
作者: famerica    时间: 2021-5-11 12:22
aadb
作者: 690387114    时间: 2021-6-23 11:01
BDAA
ADAB
题1
题4 注意A选项时态were,表明这是对过去的assessment;应该是正答,将来时ought to

作者: 清影嘿嘿    时间: 2021-10-23 17:10
day9

作者: 睡着了请安静    时间: 2022-6-25 13:52
文章结构:
第一段:引入主题,介绍三种指标
1.        主题:经济学家尝试测量经济走势
2.        带领指标、重合指标、滞后指标
第二和第三段:详细介绍三种指标
1.        带领指标:可以预测经济走势
2.        重合指标:测量当前经济情况的最佳指标,但是不能用于预测未来的经济走势
3.        滞后指标:不能预测经济走势,但是可以帮助经济学家确认判断
第四段:归类和理解指标的重要性
        经济学家需要通过理解指标和分析数据决定事件元素在三种指标的归类,并且建立一个严谨的分析三种指标的框架可以帮助经济学家分析经济

作者: alexandracici12    时间: 2022-11-27 23:26
大意: 介绍3种signal之后的经济、express current state以及滞后的经济信号,来帮助avoid miscalculation and guide xx
1. 经济学家想要去知道:diff elements react differently according to the change of economics: coincident、signal、end
2. Conincident>current。但仅仅是current,对预告无帮助
3. 介绍了预告形式的signal,说不是cause,只是signal。介绍了后zhi,没办法预告,但是confirm asessment
4. 讲了这三者的作用

C-BA
B
A
D

Mortgage application 按揭申请
Profit margin 利润
home appliances 家电


作者: Haiying668    时间: 2023-2-18 16:29
P1美国的经济学家们用三类经济指标来预测经济的走向。
P2 一类经济指标是与当下经济发展相符,这类指标依赖于目前的荣景因此对于预测经济的未来表现没用。
P3 一类是领先的经济指标对预测未来的经济走向很有效,通过它们的起伏变化可以预判经济是否健康发展。经济周期的变化不是因这些指标而起,但是指标对经济周期变化常有预警信号。相反,第三类指标落后于经济变化,没啥用但有助于确认经济学家做出的评估。
P4 确定哪些项属于哪一类的指标需要海量的数据分析和对经济中的各因素的深刻理解。解读和用好这些指标有助于经济学家们指导度过经济增长放缓和衰退期。
ADAB

作者: Shirlin211    时间: 2023-8-5 12:59
ADDB

第三题:these indicators helps economists to avoid miscalculations and to guide the country through periods of slow or negative economic growth.

作者: SamHKG700    时间: 2023-9-21 12:29
P1:经济学家会用三种指标来判断经济的走势,及这三种指标的定义
P2:第一种是相关因素,如制造业指数和就业率,是伴随经济状况变化而变化的,它们用来刻画现在
P3:第二种是领导因素,如抵押申请率和利润率,它们预示经济走向;第三种是滞后因素,它们验证预测的准确度
P4:indicators对于经济学家和经济来说的作用
作者: B及站士    时间: 2023-10-5 15:49
P1. 不同的經濟因素對經濟有不同的影響, 可將這些因素分門別類成指標, 經濟學家可利用這些指標做預測判斷
P2&P3. 介紹三種不同指標"Coincident","Leading"以及"Lagging"
P4. 作者認為經濟因素應該歸類在哪一種指標需要對數據的充分分析及對經濟的瞭解
     另外也提到瞭解景氣循環中的事件如何導致改變需要框架化的認識"經濟指標", 此舉有助於避免誤判以及帶領國家走出低迷景氣

文章重點還是在於三種指標的列舉及介紹, 最後一段比較像廢話XD
-
P1
1. Context: different elements of the economy -> different changes in prosperity
2. Elaborate:
a. coincident indicators: rise and fall as the economy
b. leading indicators: show a downturn before the economy does
c. lagging indicators: lose vigor after the economy has already begun to slow
3. Argument: Economists can predict the economy by these indicators

P2.
1. Coincident indicators: manufacturing and employment rates – best for current state – to know whether economy goes ↑or↓(sustained prosperity)
2. Disadvantage: predict near future(X)

P3.
1. Leading indicators: predictive power – mortgage applications and profit margins – foretell changes in economic behavior that lead to shifts in the economic cycle
2. Lagging indicators: useless for prediction – helpful in confirming the assessments of economists

P4.
1. Argument(1): which elements of the economy fall into which category of indicator – analysis of data and understanding the factors that propel the economy
2. Argument(2): which events surrounding a turn in the business cycle actually contributed to the change – solid framework for understanding the behavior of these indicators – help to avoid miscalculations and to guide the country through periods of slow or negative economic growth

作者: joliajjj    时间: 2023-11-30 13:28
文章结构:
P1:经济指标衡量经济健康
P2: Coincident indicators衡量 current state of the economy(manufacturing and employment rates,)
P3: leading indicators可以foretell similar changes in the country’s economic health(mortgage applications and profit margins) laging indicators的特点
P4:总结这些指标
ADAB





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