第一段:快速眼动和清醒状态的三个相似性-高频低幅波动,在次级细胞中的神经活动,大脑温度上升的幅度
第二段:偶然的发现推翻了之前的结论-PGO会在快速眼动阶段和熟睡阶段产生,且会受到外界因素干扰
第三段:该发现让人们重新审视之前的观点-在快速眼动阶段,熟睡阶段和清醒阶段,都会产生PGO和EMP作者: yyking625 时间: 2021-4-7 11:25
EDCC作者: Claire薇荇 时间: 2021-4-7 11:34
original opinion on REM - new/recent discovery in PGO spikes - reevaluating EMP.
CEBA作者: CCCGO 时间: 2021-4-7 11:41
CCBA作者: sanfanwangyue 时间: 2021-4-7 11:59
P1: Features about REM sleep and slow-wave sleep.
P2: PGO spikes can occur in either REM or slow-wave sleep.
P3: EMPs and PGO spikes both are general alerting response to enviormental stimuli during REM, slow-wave sleep and wakefulness.
EEBA作者: 690387114 时间: 2021-6-22 23:24
EEBB
答案EEBA这篇文章是个论点说明型,traditional opinion认为“REM和waking state有很多similarity,和dreamless sleep不同”(体现在3方面)
1.displays high-frequency, low-amplitude waves
2. regular activity of the hippocampus
3.rise in temperature
但recent discovery发现,三种sleep pattern其实都有一些similarity,表现在被外界环境(如声音、光线、)刺激时,三种都会呈现PGO spikes 、EMPs.
——即,previous augment认为两种模式相同,跟另一种相反;但新发现表明,三种其实都有共同点
第一段理解不到位,核心句定位
题1 E展neurologically aroused character,表明三种都有唤醒特征
题2D选项是个明显的内容混合错误,Low-amplitude waves是3个similarity里的其中一个;pons参见第2段关于PGO的内容介绍
题4 定位句This finding in tum has prompted a reevaluation of waves因果关系
作者: 清影嘿嘿 时间: 2021-10-23 16:43
day7 错太多了 作者: 大月亮cyn 时间: 2021-10-27 16:41 Day7 CEBA
1. E 对主旨把握错了,不是在explore inconsistencies!C)探讨目前对各种精神状态下脑电波活动的?述中的不一致之处 (主要 concern 非讨论 inconsistence,非正确选项) E)表现出不同意识阶段的神经兴奋特征。(展示 REM 睡眠,清醒,慢波状态 下神经兴奋特点)作者: 睡着了请安静 时间: 2022-6-23 13:45
全文大意:
第一段介绍REM睡眠的三个主要特征:
1. REM睡眠时的脑电波和清醒时候的脑电波是一样的
2. REM睡眠时大脑中各个部分的神经元活动是睡醒的时候是一样的
3. REM睡眠时大脑温度和清醒的时候温度是一样的
第二段引入一个原概念和一个新发现:
1. 原概念:PGO是一种只出现在REM睡眠的无意识活动
2. 新发现:对EEG的研究发现PGO也可以由其他方式引起,并且不止出现在REM睡眠
第三段引入一个原概念、新发现、总结前文的发现:
1. 原概念:EMP波是需要光照调节的
2. 新发现:EMP波和PGO波一样是能够被控制产生的
3. 总结:EMP波和PGO波都可以被控制产生,可以在REM、短波睡眠、清醒状态被引发
我的答案:
EDBA
正确答案:
EEBA
错题反思:
1. indicates that REM sleep displays high-frequency, low-amplitude waves all but identical to those of wakefulness —— 是错选D的直接原因,但是这个句子里面并没有pons
2. PGO spikes (short-lived, high-amplitude electrical waves observed most frequently in the pons, a region in the brain stem) —— pons出现在下文关于PGO的介绍中,是高振幅波出现的地方
3. Both PGO spikes and eye movement potentials are now seen as varieties of a general alerting response, which can be stimulated during REM sleep, slow-wave sleep, and wakefulness —— 原文的结论,给出不管是在REM睡眠、低波睡眠、清醒,PGO和EMP都会受到刺激,而前文中提到了环境会影响PGO和EMP波 作者: 嘀嘀咕噜嘟 时间: 2022-7-12 11:46
2022年来的,已经看不见原文练习了?作者: ympass 时间: 2022-11-10 22:27
看一下! 作者: CYJ_ 时间: 2023-5-18 06:35
看一下! 作者: pinx 时间: 2023-8-17 13:14
感谢分享! 作者: B及站士 时间: 2023-10-4 17:53
P1. 介紹REM, 並將REM與清醒狀態視為一組並用slow-wave sleep表現兩組特色上差異
P2. 舊觀點認為PGO表現在REM而且是自發性, 新研究發現PGO也會出現在slow-wave sleep, 並且不管是在REM或是slow-wave sleep下都能依靠聲音及觸碰產生"警戒反應"
P3. PGO的新發現使得EMPs需要重新被檢討, EMPs過去被認為是在清醒狀況時出現並由環境的光亮程度影響。實驗觀察貓在無光環境下會受到氣味影響EMPs, 又同樣條件下發現聲音也會影響。因此建立了PGO跟EMPs的類比(都是所謂的警戒反應, 且在REM, 清醒, slow-wave sleep下都能被特定因素刺激)
-
P1.
1. Context: REM sleep – neurologically aroused character – close relationship with waking state
2. Differences:
a. using EEG to compare REM and wakefulness (both display high-frequency, low-amplitude waves) ↔ slow-wave sleep (low-frequency, high-amplitude)
b. neurological activity in various subunits of the brain – a pattern of wave in hippocampus ↔ slow-wave sleep (irregular activity of the hippocampus)
c. brain temperature rises ↔ slow-wave sleep (temperature decreases)
P2.
1. Old view: PGO spike – REM sleep – occur spontaneously without external stimulus
2. Recent study: PGO – slow-wave sleep
PGO produced by sounds and touch – either REM or slow-wave sleep
3. Argument: PGO spikes seem to be general alerting responses occurring in several slow sleep phases
P3.
1. Old view: EMPs(waking state) – depend on environmental levels of light
2. Reevaluation: EMPs – identical to PGO spikes – (experiment) cat in the dark + the odor of tuna fish -> sharp noises also
3. Conclusion: PGO spikes is similar to EMPs – general alerting response – stimulated during REM sleep, slow-wave sleep, and wakefulness.作者: 木柚籽 时间: 2023-10-22 09:04
P1
what is REM--similar with waking state: 1 st high frequency, low-amplitude--2 nd neurological activity--3 nd high brain temperature
P2
what is PGO --produced by both sounds and touch in REM and waking state--alerting response
P3
a reevaluation (EMPs) -- a research(cat) --EMPs identical to PGO --sound is the same result --both PGO and EMPs are alerting response which can be stimulated in three stages ( REM&waking&slow wave sleep) 作者: 鸭750 时间: 2023-11-10 12:04
感谢分享!