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标题: 【揽瓜阁2.0】Day10 2020.06.24【社会科学-就业】【社会科学-医疗】 [打印本页]
作者: 妥妥    时间: 2020-6-23 20:28
标题: 【揽瓜阁2.0】Day10 2020.06.24【社会科学-就业】【社会科学-医疗】
  揽瓜阁俱乐部第二期
  Day10 2020.06.24


【社会科学-就业】
The case for free speech at work
（614字 精读 必做篇）

Can you really lose your job for posting an opinion on Twitter, or even for clicking “like” on somebody else’s message? Surprising though it may be to employees who expect firms to indulge their odd working hours, their tastes in coffee and their pets, the answer is often yes. Pascal Besselink, an employment lawyer in the Netherlands, reckons that about one in ten abrupt sackings there is connected to behaviour on social media.

Controversial opinions were once expressed in bars after work, and went no further. Today Twitter and other social media broadcast employees’ thoughts; they also make it easy for anyone who is offended to put together a mob and retaliate against the poster and their employer. Jittery firms respond by sacking the offender. Some, like General Motors, have introduced conduct codes which police workers’ speech even when they are not at work.

A firm may judge its self-interest correctly when it punishes workers who speak out. America’s National Basketball Association probably lost hundreds of millions of dollars this season because of a Chinese blackout imposed after the general manager of the Houston Rockets tweeted in support of democracy in Hong Kong. Sacking him would have been costly, too—but not that costly.

Though it is not necessarily in companies’ interests to allow the free expression of opinion, it is clearly in society’s interest. Free speech, including by employees, is a cornerstone of democracy. At the moment workers are too easily gagged.

In countries such as America most employees have scant protection against punitive employers. In others, laws written to protect religious freedom are being extended to govern other beliefs and views. British judges have decided that ethical veganism deserves legal protection. A think-tank was ruled to have acted legally when it did not renew the contract of a researcher after she tweeted that biological sex is immutable. This case-by-case evolution leaves employees and employers unsure which views are acceptable and where.

In laying down clearer rules, legislators should remember that offending and harassing are different. It is not reasonable for companies to try to prevent their employees from expressing displeasure at gay marriage, no matter how strongly others disagree—at least if that is not relevant to the job they do. But an employee who repeatedly says at work that gays are damned, even after being told to stop, has crossed the line into harassment. That should be grounds for dismissal.

There is also a difference between what people do at work and what they do outside. Speech is like a dress code. Just as companies can demand that their employees look the part while at work, they should be able to restrict what they say there, provided they are clear and fair about it. After people go home, though, they should be able to express their opinions freely, just as they are free to change into jeans and a t-shirt. A woman fired in 2004 by a housing firm for displaying a sticker backing John Kerry on her car was poorly treated. The situation is more complicated when it comes to public figures such as sports stars, who in effect sell their image as well as their labour.

Firms will lobby to preserve their freedoms. But robust laws against unfair dismissal that protect speech would help them stand up to complaints from angry mobs and the Chinese government. Politicians should hold their nerve. Many complain that their constituents have become so ideological and tribal that they have forgotten how to talk to those with opposing views. Geographical and technological spaces are increasingly segregated. That makes it all the more important that people encounter different views at work—and especially outside it.

Source: The Economist


【社会科学-医疗】
Inaugural Observance of World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day
（356字 2分54秒 精听 必做篇）

先做精听再核对原文哦~

温馨提示：音频中如听到专有名词不用逐一写下，可以缩写来区分和代替。比如：

Lymphatic Filariasis淋巴丝虫病
Trachoma 沙眼
Onchocerciasis 盘尾丝虫病
Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病

[attach]250861[/attach]

January 30th marks the first-annual observance of World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day. The hope is that raising awareness of these crippling diseases will increase support as well as investment in the fight against them, particularly in the areas most directly affected.

Neglected tropical diseases, or NTDs, are maladies of the poorest of the poor. They are chronic disabling illnesses that thrive in areas with inadequate sanitation and lack of clean drinking water.

NTDs have blinded, disabled, disfigured and killed their victims for centuries. Today, more than 1 billion people suffer with these illnesses. Furthermore, NTDs undermine the future of both the affected individuals and their communities. They lower children’s chances of thriving and of staying in school, as well as the ability of adults to work and be fully active in their communities, thus perpetuating the cycle of poverty.

Nonetheless, most NTDs are frequently preventable or treatable, often with low-cost medications. So, back in 2006, the U.S. Agency for International Development, or USAID, launched the Neglected Tropical Diseases Program, a public-private partnership to treat those who suffer from NTDs, and to help prevent the spread of these diseases by identifying at-risk communities, distributing medicines through mass campaigns, and measuring results.

The program targets the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases that have proven, cost-effective health interventions. These include Lymphatic Filariasis, also known as elephantiasis; blinding Trachoma; Onchocerciasis, or River Blindness; Schistosomiasis, which is sometimes called snail fever; and illnesses caused by the Soil Transmitted Helminths hookworm, roundworm, and whipworm.

Since the program began in 2006, USAID has helped leverage 22 billion dollars in donated drugs from five pharmaceutical companies. That has allowed 2.6 billion treatments of medicine to go to 1.3 billion people, or 1 out of every 6 people around the globe. Thus far, 10 USAID-supported countries have eliminated at least one neglected tropical disease as a public health problem.

The United States believes that the first-annual World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day kicks off an important year in the fight against neglected diseases of poverty. Reducing the burden of disease and disability caused by NTDs is essential to improving the lives of the world’s poorest people.

Source: VOA


【笔记格式要求】

精读笔记格式要求：
1.总结文章中心大意
2.总结分论点或每段段落大意
3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子
4.总结文章中的生词
5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间

精听笔记格式要求：
1.逐句听写整篇文章
2.对照原文修改听写稿，标记出错原因
3.总结文章中心大意
4.总结精听过程中的生词
5.记录听写时间、总结时间、总时间

这里也给大家两点学习小建议哦~
精读：如遇到读不懂的复杂句，建议找出句子主干，分析句子成分，也可以尝试翻译句子来帮助理解~
精听：建议每句不要反复纠结听，如果听 5 遍都没听出来，那就跳过，等完成后再回听总结原因，时间宝贵，不要过于执着哦~



作者: 妥妥    时间: 2020-6-23 20:28
揽瓜阁俱乐部，自「language」一词谐音而来，是一个为帮助大家提升英语语言能力而建立的学习小团队。在这里，我们将定时发布涵盖各类话题的外刊语料，供大家练习精听、精读。同时还设置了严格的打卡机制，督促大家克服懒惰坚持学习。

同时我们也招募volunteer协助维护团队，确保学习活动顺利开展~大家一起营造积极向上的学习氛围~

想要提升英语能力的小伙伴，快快添加微信（theTOEFL）报名加入吧，让妥妥带你观尽天下新鲜事，览遍四海热议瓜～


如果你想加入，可以直接在本帖下完成你的学习笔记！如果想进入学习群聊，请直接联系妥妥。
作者: Garfieldsu    时间: 2020-6-24 10:58
day 10 打卡
作者: 龙驾马    时间: 2020-6-24 11:57
阅读笔记


中心大意：网络世界让人们联系的更紧密，也导致了不恰当的个人观点在网上出现后，公司会处于一定的考量而解雇该员工的事件发生。

第一段：最近，荷兰已经有员工因为在Twitter上发表意见和点赞，而失去了工作。

第二段：如今，Twitter已经成为了人们可以随意表达意见的场所，甚至有极端者在上面发布和组织进行暴力活动。

第三段：公司则会从经济利益来考虑，是否对发表某些言论的员工采取措施。

第四段：公司的利益，有时会与员工表达个人意见相冲突。

第五段：在不同的国家，雇员的个人表达是否会收到保护，各国也都有不同的法规。

第六段：而且，犯罪与骚扰，理论上需要一个明确的界限。但这在具体执行时会比较敦南。

第七段：人在工作中和日常生活中其实在扮演两种角色，应该对工作表现和私人行为有所区分。

第八段：网络世界模糊了物理世界中的距离，也模糊了工作场所和生活场合。

句子摘抄:

Surprising though it may be to employees who expect firms to indulge their odd working hours, their tastes in coffee and their pets, the answer is often yes.

In laying down clearer rules, legislators should remember that offending and harassing are different.

It is not reasonable for companies to try to prevent their employees from expressing displeasure at gay marriage, no matter how strongly others disagree—at least if that is not relevant to the job they do.

Just as companies can demand that their employees look the part while at work, they should be able to restrict what they say there, provided they are clear and fair about it.

生词摘抄：

abrupt a.生硬的，陡峭的

controversial a.争议的

legislator n.立法者

harassment n.骚扰，烦恼

nerve n.勇气，神经

segregated a.被隔离的

阅读时间11分钟 总结时间27分钟 总时间 38分钟

听力笔记
[attach]250868[/attach][attach]250869[/attach][attach]250870[/attach]

文章大意：
1月30日是世界被忽视热带疾病日，在热带很多不发达国家，血吸虫病的热带疾病给当地人民的健康带来了很大的威胁，甚至影响到了青少年的教育与发展。建立这个世界热带疾病日，有助于唤起全球对这些地区的抗病工作的重视，让当地获得更多的医疗帮助。

生词摘抄：

neglected a.被忽视的

inadequate a.不充分的，不恰当的

sanitation n.卫生环境

pharmaceutical a.制药的

intervention n.干预

听写时间28分钟 总结时间30分钟 总时间58分钟



作者: MJ-MJ    时间: 2020-6-24 12:24
MJ-MJ[attach]250874[/attach][attach]250875[/attach]
作者: Dovis    时间: 2020-6-24 13:32
揽瓜阁 Day 10
Dovis 2020 6 24
精读 The case for free speech at work
一 文章大意
由于社交媒体的广泛传播，员工个人的不恰当言谈举止容易遭致反对者抵制本人及其雇主。因此，公司出于自身利益考虑，会对发布人进行惩罚甚至开除。虽则如此，言论自由是民主的基石，不同观点的碰撞也十分必要。
二 段落总结
三 生词摘录
indulge 沉湎，沉迷，沉溺(于…); 满足(欲望、兴趣等); 放纵; 听任
reckon 被普遍认为是; 被看作是; 料想; 预计;
sack 解雇
retaliate 报复; 反击; 复仇
mob 人群; (尤指) 暴民; 一群，
gag 封口布; 塞口布; 禁刊令(阻止公开报道或讨论某事的法令); (尤指专业喜剧演员的) 插科打诨，笑话，噱头;捂住，塞住(某人的嘴); 压制…的言论自由; 使缄默; 作呕
scant 一丁点的; 微小的; 不足的; 欠缺的
tweeted (小鸟的) 唧啾，吱喳
robust 强健的; 强壮的; 结实的; 耐用的; 坚固的; 强劲的; 富有活力的;
segregate 隔离并区别对待(不同种族、宗教或性别的人); (使) 分开，分离，隔离
四 句子摘抄
Surprising though it may be to employees who expect firms to indulge their odd working hours, their tastes in coffee and their pets, the answer is often yes.

Free speech, including by employees, is a cornerstone of democracy.
五 用时记录
通读4.5 min 总结32min 共计 40min

作者: llzzzzzy    时间: 2020-6-24 20:29
llzzzzzy 打卡day10
作者: 大白酱ann    时间: 2020-6-24 20:41
Day10
作者: KLYnn    时间: 2020-6-24 20:46
打卡～
作者: Carlisler    时间: 2020-6-24 20:59
Day 10
[attach]250887[/attach]
作者: 嬛嬛浅笑梨涡    时间: 2020-6-24 21:00
Day10打卡


[attach]250889[/attach]
作者: N0ire    时间: 2020-6-24 21:20
D10
作者: はな    时间: 2020-6-24 21:35
打卡DAY10
作者: 六元的小心心    时间: 2020-6-24 21:37
打卡～ 还有昨天的
作者: 项斐    时间: 2020-6-24 21:45
D10
作者: 干掉他没商量    时间: 2020-6-24 21:48
[attach]250899[/attach]
干掉他没商量
Day 10


作者: 青果_lw    时间: 2020-6-24 21:50
Day 10[attach]250907[/attach]
作者: 啊哒    时间: 2020-6-24 21:52
打卡
作者: wanglu1994143    时间: 2020-6-24 21:54
打卡
作者: 木辛青    时间: 2020-6-24 21:55
打卡卡
作者: SereneG76    时间: 2020-6-24 21:58
阅读精半小时

听力 45分钟
生词 perpetuated

作者: Dovis    时间: 2020-6-24 21:59
文章大意
在热带很多不发达国家容易爆发各种热带特有疾病，给当地人民的健康带来了巨大威胁，世界热带疾病日有助于各大国家帮助当地开展抗病工作，给与当地更多的医疗帮助
生词摘录
pharmaceutical 制药的
Malady 严重问题; 痼疾;
用时记录
通读6min 听写31min 共计50.5min
作者: cgvmc    时间: 2020-6-24 21:59
DAY10
作者: 木辛青    时间: 2020-6-24 22:11
重新打一下精听卡卡
作者: ling0602    时间: 2020-6-24 22:13
DAY 10
作者: YLEmily    时间: 2020-6-24 22:25
DAY 10
作者: Dovis    时间: 2020-6-24 22:25
发现电脑上传不了图片啊，上一个回复的图片不见了，那我就再贴一次听写笔记吧
作者: ppxstar    时间: 2020-6-24 22:48
Day10 滴 惭愧滴迟到卡
作者: gamtchong    时间: 2020-6-24 22:51
阅读：网络让人们联系的更方便，但是也带来了负面的影响，有些公司会出于自身利益考虑对员工惩罚。
第一段：大约有十分之一的突然解雇与社交媒体上的行为有关。
第二段：一些公司,已经引入了行为准则，担心员工对其进行报复。
第三段：公司会考虑是否将发表某些意见的员工辞退。
第四段：尽管允许言论自由不一定符合公司利益，但显然符合社会利益。
第五段：在不同的国家，对言论自由有不同规定。
第六段：在制定更明确的规则时，立法者应该记住冒犯和骚扰是不同的。
第七段：但是人的工作和生活不能相同。
第八段：言论自由很重要。
好句:
It is not reasonable for companies to try to prevent their employees from expressing displeasure at gay marriage, no matter how strongly others disagree—at least if that is not relevant to the job they do.
生词：
harassment n.骚扰
阅读时间5
总结时间20
总时间25

January 30th marks the first-annual observance of WNTTD. The hope is that raising awareness of these crippling diseases will increase support as well as investment in the fight against them, particularly in the areas most directly affected. Neglected tropical diseases, or NTDS, are maladies of the poorest of the poor. They are chronic disabling illnesses that thrive in areas with inadequate sanitation and lack of clean drinking water. NTD have blinded disabled disfigured and killed their victims for centuries. Today more than 1 billion people suffer with these illnesses. Furthermore, NTDS undermine the future of both the affected individuals and their communities. They lower children’s chances of thriving and of staying in school, as well as the ability of adults to work and be fully active in their communities, thus perpetuating the cycle of poverty.
Nonetheless, most NTDS are frequently preventable or treatable, often with low-cost medications. So, back in 2006, the U.S. Agency for International Development, or USAID, launched the Neglected Tropical Diseases Program, a public-private partnership to treat those who suffer from NTDs, and to help prevent the spread of these diseases by identifying at-risk communities, distributing medicines through mass campaigns, and measuring results.The program targets the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases that have proven, cost-effective health interventions. These include LF, also known as E，blinding T，O or R，S, which is sometimes called snail fever，and illnesses caused by theS hookworm, roundworm, and whipworm.
Since the program began in 2006, USAID has helped leverage 22 billion dollars in donated drugs from five pharmaceutical companies. That has allowed 2.6 billion treatments of medicine to go to 1.3 billion people, or 1 out of every 6 people around the globe. Thus far, 10 USAID-supported countries have eliminated at least one neglected tropical disease as a public health problem. The United States believes that the first-annual world neglected tropical diseases day kicks off an important year in the fight against neglected diseases of poverty. Reducing the burden of disease and disability caused by NTDs is essential to improving the lives of the world’s poorest people.
减轻由NTDs造成的疾病和残疾负担，对于改善世界最贫穷人民的生活至关重要。
生词：
pharmaceutical 制药的

intervention 干预

听写时间29
总结时间25
总时间54


作者: lucin    时间: 2020-6-25 16:52
Day10补卡
作者: ANDREWORTH    时间: 2020-6-25 17:43
D10打卡
作者: 青果_lw    时间: 2020-6-26 17:56
Day 10阅读 补打卡
作者: irisrebelle    时间: 2021-8-10 22:49
1.总结文章中心大意： Discuss the freedom of speech, especially at work
2.总结分论点或每段段落大意
Abrupt sacking maybe connected with speech on social media.
With advanced tech and convenient internet, has made controversal opinion more traceable.
Sacking costed by speech on social media.
The relations between freedom of speech and social intagrity.
Difference between offending and harassing.
Open ends
3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子
4.总结文章中的生词
scant
hold their nerve
segregated
5.记录阅读时间6mins、总结时间:5mins、总时间11mins



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