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标题: 【揽瓜阁俱乐部每日任务】Day13 2020.05.23 [打印本页]
作者: 妥妥 时间: 2020-5-22 22:28
标题: 【揽瓜阁俱乐部每日任务】Day13 2020.05.23
【社会科学-科技】
Technology and Jobs
（472字 精读 必做篇）
INNOVATION, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has displaced many of the mid-skill jobs that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.
For those, including this newspaper, who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such churn is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not consigned to joblessness, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has shrunk, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers.
Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its benefits. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology’s impact will feel like a tornado, hitting the rich world first, but eventually sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.
Why be worried? It is partly just a matter of history repeating itself. In the early part of the Industrial Revolution the rewards of increasing productivity went disproportionately to capital; later on, labour reaped most of the benefits. The pattern today is similar. The prosperity unleashed by the digital revolution has gone overwhelmingly to the owners of capital and the highest-skilled workers. Over the past three decades, labour’s share of output has shrunk globally from 64% to 59%. Meanwhile, the share of income going to the top 1% in America has risen from around 9% in the 1970s to 22% today. Unemployment is at alarming levels in much of the rich world, and not just for cyclical reasons. In 2000, 65% of working-age Americans were in work; since then the proportion has fallen, during good years as well as bad, to the current level of 59%.
Worse, it seems likely that this wave of technological disruption to the job market has only just started. From driverless cars to clever household gadgets, innovations that already exist could destroy swathes of jobs that have hitherto been untouched. The public sector is one obvious target: it has proved singularly resistant to tech-driven reinvention. But the step change in what computers can do will have a powerful effect on middle-class jobs in the private sector too.
Source: The Economist
【社会科学-科技】
Lung Cancer Screen Could Be Easy-pee-sy
（530字 3分25秒 精听 必做篇）
先做精听再核对原文哦~
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Imagine getting screened for early-stage lung cancer simply by taking a deep breath from an inhaler, and then peeing into a cup.
Sangeeta Bhatia, a professor of health sciences and engineering at M.I.T., described how that might be possible in a TED talk she gave in 2016:
“What if you had a detector that was so small that it could circulate in your body, find the tumor all by itself, and send a signal to the outside world? It sounds a little bit like science fiction. But actually, nanotechnology allows us to do just that.”
Bhatia’s idea was to invent non-toxic nanoprobes that doctors could put inside your blood or lungs or gut to detect tiny tumors, when they’re easier to treat, before they grow big enough to spread throughout the body and damage vital organs.
“I dream that one day, instead of going into an expensive screening facility to get a colonoscopy, or a mammogram, or a pap smear, that you could get a shot, wait an hour, and do a urine test on a paper strip.”
In 2017. Bhatia’s team reported a proof-of-concept experiment in Nature Biomedical Engineering that demonstrated nanoprobes like this working to detect early-stage ovarian cancer in mice.
And now the group has refined this technology further to create a screening test for lung cancer that is more sensitive than the CT scans used today. The team of Harvard and M.I.T. researchers described their work in the April 1st issue of Science Translational Medicine.
Lung cancer accounts for nearly a quarter of all cancer deaths in the U.S. each year, in large part because most cases of lung cancer are not caught until after the disease has already spread to other sites.
Yet when lung cancer is caught and treated early, the majority of patients survive the disease for at least five years. But CT screening for lung cancer is not widely used around the world because it’s expensive and more than 90 percent of positive tests turn out to be benign growths, not cancer. So this kind of screening leads to a lot of unnecessary and invasive biopsies.
In Bhatia’s study, which was done on mice genetically engineered to develop lung tumors very similar to those seen in people, the nanoprobes were able to detect tumors about 50 times smaller than other screening methods. And it produced no false positives.
The nanoprobes are designed to release reporter molecules when they come near certain kinds of lung tumors. Once released, the reporters pass into the blood, get filtered out by the kidneys, and then exit the body in the urine.
The group is now working to repackage the nanoprobes into a form that could be inhaled as a powder or through a nebulizer. If that succeeds, then the technology will have to proceed through several years of clinical trials before it could be used to screen people for lung cancer.
“And I hope that what this means is that one day we can detect tumors in patients sooner than 10 years after they’ve started growing…and that this would lead to earlier treatments and that we could save more lives than we can today with early detection.”
Source: Scientific American
【社会科学-科技】
Could Air Conditioners Help Cool the Planet？
（240字 1分38秒 精听 选做篇）
先做精听再核对原文哦~
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Air-conditioning and fans account for a full 10 percent of the world's electricity usage. Or to put it in another way, "It's a lot of air you pump around."
Roland Dittmeyer, a chemical engineer at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany. Another thing that takes a lot of pumping air around, he says? Carbon capture, "because the concentration of the CO2 in air is evidently quite low." Even though it’s enough to cause climate change, it’s only 400 parts per million.
So, he says, why not retrofit air conditioners with modules that capture carbon? Several companies already make materials that strip carbon dioxide from the air. You'd then need to convert that captured CO2 into hydrocarbons—an energy-intensive process. But Dittmeyer's vision is that we'd use clean, carbon-free renewable energy to power that step.
Do this on a large enough scale and you could produce significant amounts of this synthetic, renewable oil. Dittmeyer and his colleagues calculated that if you outfitted the AC system of the Fair Tower, a large skyscraper in Frankfurt, with these carbon-capture devices, the building’s units alone could produce an estimated 15,000 barrels of synthetic oil a year.
The full write-up, in the journal Nature Communications, is called "Crowd oil, not crude oil."
If the idea gets traction, it could transform the devices that cool our homes and offices into machines that help cool the planet—or at least stop warming it up while chilling us down.
Source: Scientific American
【笔记格式要求】
精读笔记格式要求：
1.总结文章中心大意
2.总结分论点或每段段落大意
3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子
4.总结文章中的生词
5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间
精听笔记格式要求：
1.逐句听写整篇文章
2.对照原文修改听写稿，标记出错原因
3.总结文章中心大意
4.总结精听过程中的生词
5.记录听写时间、总结时间、总时间
这里也给大家两点学习小建议哦~
精读：如遇到读不懂的复杂句，建议找出句子主干，分析句子成分，也可以尝试翻译句子来帮助理解~
精听：建议每句不要反复纠结听，如果听 5 遍都没听出来，那就跳过，等完成后再回听总结原因，时间宝贵，不要过于执着哦~
作者: 妥妥 时间: 2020-5-22 22:29
【活动介绍】
揽瓜阁俱乐部，自「language」一词谐音而来，是一个为帮助大家提升英语语言能力而建立的学习小团队。在这里，我们将定时发布涵盖各类话题的外刊语料，供大家练习精听、精读。同时还设置了严格的打卡机制，督促大家克服懒惰坚持学习。
同时我们也招募volunteer协助维护团队，确保学习活动顺利开展~大家一起营造积极向上的学习氛围~
想要提升英语能力的小伙伴，快快添加微信（theTOEFL）报名加入吧，让妥妥带你观尽天下新鲜事，览遍四海热议瓜～
作者: Garfieldsu 时间: 2020-5-22 23:34
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作者: Dovis 时间: 2020-5-23 08:35
[img]blob:https://forum.chasedream.com/db7d8f3b-7dfd-4f3a-be3f-bedda07b1c7a[/img][img]blob:https://forum.chasedream.com/ca0ca64c-e974-45ec-9afe-94778ff54241[/img]
作者: CD用户1455103 时间: 2020-5-23 10:11
day13打卡
作者: Dovis 时间: 2020-5-23 10:31
听力笔记
作者: ChloeSolo 时间: 2020-5-23 15:10
Day 13
作者: 林珑在加油 时间: 2020-5-23 16:55
Day 13, over a dozen!
作者: SereneG76 时间: 2020-5-23 17:00
听力时间：45分
阅读时间;半个小时
好句：From driverless cars to clever household gadgets, innovations that already exist could destroy swathes of jobs that have hitherto been untouched. The public sector is one obvious target: it has proved singularly resistant to tech-driven reinvention. But the step change in what computers can do will have a powerful effect on middle-class jobs in the private sector too.
作者: Jackyliang88 时间: 2020-5-23 17:49
Day 13 打卡
作者: carinayang 时间: 2020-5-23 18:12
DAY13
作者: _Salaxy_ 时间: 2020-5-23 18:22
DAY 13
Reading*1
Listening*2
作者: niiiiiiiiiiiii 时间: 2020-5-23 18:42
day13
作者: BenjaminRen 时间: 2020-5-23 18:55
20200523
作者: EthanJu 时间: 2020-5-23 20:46
Day 13
作者: llzzzzzy 时间: 2020-5-23 21:02
llzzzzzy day13
作者: 青果_lw 时间: 2020-5-23 21:08
Day13[attach]249825[/attach][attach]249826[/attach]
作者: 小阮 时间: 2020-5-23 21:25
[attach]249827[/attach]
作者: 箬箬 时间: 2020-5-23 22:12
打卡
作者: 嬛嬛浅笑梨涡 时间: 2020-5-23 22:23
[attach]249829[/attach]
作者: yunjuan 时间: 2020-5-23 22:24
虫力大 day13
作者: 干掉他没商量 时间: 2020-5-23 22:31
[attach]249832[/attach]
Day 13 打卡
干掉他没商量
作者: 龙驾马 时间: 2020-5-23 22:37
阅读
中心大意
创新虽然会消除一部分工作岗位，但往往会催生出新工种和更多的就业机会。但最新发生的人工智能等创新，其消减的工作岗位数量之大可能是之前所未见的。
段落大意
第1段 创新虽然让一部分人失业，但也创造了新的工种和就业机会。举例机械织机替代手工织布匠，售票员被电子售票替代来论证观点。
第2段 创新创造出来的工作岗位比它消灭掉的更多。举例百年前美国三分之一美国人从事农业，如今只需要不到2%的人就能满足食品生产。
第3段 虽然对创新而言乐观的态度才是正确的，但身处一线的工人，可能会受到巨大的技术冲击。这种短期内的收入差距扩大，可能会引发社会混乱和政治动荡。
第4段 其实在历史上，工业革命时期已经发生过技术进步后，提高生产力回报与资本不成比例的问题。如今这一现象开始重演
第5段 而最近观察的情况是，从无人驾驶汽车到家用设备，正在发生的创新可能对劳动岗位冲击巨大。
句子摘抄
Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services.
In the early part of the Industrial Revolution the rewards of increasing productivity went disproportionately to capital; later on, labour reaped most of the benefits.
生词摘抄
dispense v. 分配 分发
swath n. 列宽
阅读时间10分钟
总结时间10分钟
攻击20分钟
作者: KLYnn 时间: 2020-5-23 22:37
打卡～～
作者: rebeccaaaaaa 时间: 2020-5-23 22:42
DAY 13
作者: dzabh01 时间: 2020-5-23 22:43
day 13,打卡， dzabh01
作者: MJB_HK 时间: 2020-5-23 22:44
0523打卡
作者: smilelyy 时间: 2020-5-23 22:48
day13[attach]249843[/attach][attach]249842[/attach]
作者: lucin 时间: 2020-5-23 22:50
揽瓜阁Day13
作者: skrrrrrr 时间: 2020-5-23 22:51
打卡！
作者: xueling620 时间: 2020-5-23 22:52
5-23打卡
作者: LoganLyu 时间: 2020-5-23 22:52
作者: Merer 时间: 2020-5-23 22:53
打卡~
作者: wanglu1994143 时间: 2020-5-23 22:53
打卡
作者: 武川路一棵草 时间: 2020-5-23 22:53
May 23 打卡！
作者: cgvmc 时间: 2020-5-23 22:55
DAY13
作者: Mintymint 时间: 2020-5-23 22:57
DAY13
作者: 蟹达 时间: 2020-5-23 23:03
Day 13 打卡
作者: Garfieldsu 时间: 2020-5-29 21:13
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作者: 青果_lw 时间: 2020-5-29 22:10
Day 13 补一次打卡[attach]250026[/attach]
作者: cumy 时间: 2020-5-31 12:49
请问群主，这个材料在哪找的
作者: N0ire 时间: 2020-7-14 13:27
又回来了。。。Day 13
作者: 龙驾马 时间: 2020-7-14 17:24
这位兄弟你的笔记好漂亮啊，总结到位，格式非常清楚，请问是用啥软件做的呀
作者: N0ire 时间: 2020-7-14 17:35
诶，被龙哥翻牌子了。
听力是goodnotes, 阅读是marginnote.
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