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标题: 【揽瓜阁俱乐部每日任务】Day10 2020.05.20 [打印本页]

作者: 妥妥 时间: 2020-5-19 22:30
标题: 【揽瓜阁俱乐部每日任务】Day10 2020.05.20

揽瓜阁俱乐部

Day10 2020.05.20

节日快乐

【社会科学-性别】

Women still face barriers in the workplace

（817字精读必做篇）

Women have made great strides in the employment market over the past 50 years. But many still feel that their progress is being obstructed and, to coincide with International Women’s Day on March 8th, two new books by feminist writers tackle the issues.

In “The Fix” Michelle King, director of inclusion at Netflix, a video-streaming giant, observes that women are constantly told they need to change themselves—be more assertive, work longer hours and so on. Instead, she argues, working practices should change to accommodate the needs of half the adult population. In “The Home Stretch” Sally Howard, a journalist, suggests that a big reason why women are held back is that even those who work full-time are still expected to do the bulk of the housework. To cite the book’s lengthy but apposite subtitle, she makes a strong case “why it’s time to come clean about who does the dishes”.

Male managers may find these books an uncomfortable read, peppered with talk of the patriarchy and gender privilege. Sometimes, the authors go too far. Ms Howard links the patriarchy with capitalism so often that one wonders whether she has ever seen a picture of the Soviet Union’s all-male politburo or considered the harm done to women and baby girls by the Chinese Communist Party’s one-child policy.

But men do not need to forsake the capitalist system to appreciate the plight of female workers. They just need empathy. Are women in the workplace judged by the same standards as their male colleagues? Are they described with adjectives (strident or emotional, for example) that would not be applied to men with the same characteristics?

Despite recent progress, women still face a glass ceiling. A couple of stories in Ms King’s book illustrate the point. Sarah was an executive at a multinational who worked late, underwent management training and enthusiastically received and acted on feedback. After many years of rejection, it seemed she was due for promotion to the next tier, which was 100% male. But at the key meeting a male executive said: “I don’t know; she just doesn’t fit. She has those glasses and she wears that clip in her hair.” Not exactly “scientific management”.

In the other tale Ms King, on her first day in a new job, walked into a kitchen full of men. Her boss said “Hey, Michelle, there are dishes in the sink and you are a woman, so, you know, wash them.” His colleagues laughed. When she protested, she was told to learn to take a joke.

Bullying disguised as humour is still bullying. And women are expected to put up with it. They must also tolerate different dress standards. Boris Johnson, Britain’s prime minister, often messes up his hair before public appearances to maintain his “lovable buffoon” image. Dominic Cummings, his adviser, dresses scruffily, which suits his persona as the “eccentric genius”. It is hard to imagine any woman reaching a position of political power while adopting a similar style.

Sometimes the excuse for the lack of female progress in certain professions is that women and men naturally choose to pursue different career paths. Yet those outcomes may simply be the result of formal or informal barriers against female success. At the end of the 19th century, when only 4-5% of American doctors were women, some men no doubt put this down to a lack of aptitude. Many medical schools, perhaps sharing that preconception, did not admit female candidates; Harvard’s began accepting women only after the second world war. In Britain women were not allowed to become practising lawyers until they were admitted to the Law Society in 1922.

In both professions the playing field was eventually levelled. The result? In 2017 more women were admitted to American medical schools than men for the first time. By 2018 half of British solicitors were female.

Another common argument is that it makes sense for married people to specialise, with the man taking on higher-paid employment and the woman doing more of the chores. It is equally dubious. One study, for instance, found that husbands who earn less than their wives do even less housework than those who earn more.

Many of the arguments that women’s lack of progress is down to aptitude or choice look like a convenient fiction for men, who do rather well out of the bargain. Women, who end up doing most of the chores as well as working long hours, get a raw deal. It is not them who need to change—it is the attitudes of men.

Source: The Economist

【社会科学-性别】

Attractive Young Females May Have Justice Edge

（397字 2分38秒精听必做篇）

先做精听再核对原文哦~

[attach]249508[/attach]

Eight years ago, the jury in the trial of Casey Anthony announced their verdict. "As to the charge of first-degree murder, verdict as to count one, we the jury find the defendant not guilty."

Anthony had been charged with murdering her two-year-old daughter. But like the murder charge, the jury's decision for additional charges of aggravated child abuse and aggravated manslaughter were again "not guilty."

"That caused this huge outcry." Christopher Ferguson, a clinical psychologist at Stetson University in central Florida, not far from where the trial occurred. "There was this narrative that she got preferential treatment, maybe not on purpose, but that the jury was more sympathetic to her because she was this pretty young female and that kind of conflicted with people's impression of who a murderer is."

Mock trial studies have suggested that attractive people have an edge in the criminal justice system. So Ferguson and his colleagues looked into that stereotype using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the largest long-term study of people who began participating in the study as teens.

The interviewers asked the youths a multitude of questions—and also rated the respondents' degree of attractiveness, a measure that's been used to examine links to health and wealth.

In this case, Ferguson and his team looked at a subset of nearly 8,800 respondents and examined the correlation between attractiveness and arrest, conviction and sentencing. After controlling for things like gender, race and socioeconomic status, they found that attractiveness did have a protective effect—but only for females.

"Girls or women who are more attractive were less likely to be arrested if they'd committed a crime and less likely to be convicted if they were arrested for that crime. However, it did not have any impact on their sentencing. So once they were convicted, attractiveness conveyed no further benefits." The results are in the journal Psychiatry, Psychology and Law.

It's just a correlation, of course, and there are limitations. The attractiveness ratings were an average of four different interviewers' assessments, made over a dozen years. But beauty, as they say, is in the eyes of the beholder. And the effects weren't huge. Still, Ferguson says, "being alert to our stereotypes and prejudices sometimes can help us combat them a little bit"—and perhaps get us a little closer to the ideal that justice should be blind.

Source: Scientific American

【社会科学-性别】

Ladies of the lab: Why half the scientists in some Eastern European countries are women

（378字精读选做篇）

Science is still a man’s world. Since 1903, when Marie Curie first won the Nobel Prize, almost 600 blokes but only 19 women have taken home the coveted award in physics, chemistry or medicine. In the realms of more ordinary talent, just 28% of the world’s researchers are women. Even in the EU, where the sexes are more equal than in other parts of the world, a mere two-fifths of scientists and engineers are women. In Germany and Finland, it is less than one in three.

Eastern Europe bucks the global trend, according to a recent report from Leiden University in the Netherlands. In Lithuania, 57% of scientists and engineers are women. Bulgaria and Latvia follow close behind, at 52%. Universities in Poland and Serbia were ranked among the best in the world for sexual equality in research publications. South-east Europe is roughly at parity: 49% of scientific researchers in the region are women. Some of this is a legacy of Soviet times, when communist regimes pressed both men and women into scientific careers and did not always give them a choice about it. The coercion has gone, but the habit of women working in labs has remained.

In Europe today, campaigners to get more women into top boffin jobs complain of a “leaky pipeline”: many women end their involvement with STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and maths) after finishing college. However, a study by Microsoft finds that female role models strongly increase girls’ interest in these subjects.

According to the European Institute for Gender Equality, closing the gap between men and women in STEM would lead to an increase in the EU's GDP per capita by at least 3% by 2050 and create over 1.2m jobs. Over the past decade, employment in Europe’s tech sector has grown four times faster than overall employment. But the European Commission predicts that by 2020, the region’s growth could be hampered by a shortage of 500,000 information and communications technology (ICT) workers.

In 2017 more than half of EU businesses that tried to recruit ICT specialists had trouble filling the vacancies. Lithuania, which has Europe’s narrowest employment gap between the sexes, and Bulgaria, which has the highest proportion of women in ICT specialised jobs in the region, found it easier.

Source: The Economist

【笔记格式要求】

精读笔记格式要求：

1.总结文章中心大意

2.总结分论点或每段段落大意

3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子

4.总结文章中的生词

5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间

精听笔记格式要求：

1.逐句听写整篇文章

2.对照原文修改听写稿，标记出错原因

3.总结文章中心大意

4.总结精听过程中的生词

5.记录听写时间、总结时间、总时间

这里也给大家两点学习小建议哦~

精读：如遇到读不懂的复杂句，建议找出句子主干，分析句子成分，也可以尝试翻译句子来帮助理解~

精听：建议每句不要反复纠结听，如果听 5 遍都没听出来，那就跳过，等完成后再回听总结原因，时间宝贵，不要过于执着哦~

作者: 妥妥 时间: 2020-5-19 22:31

【活动介绍】

揽瓜阁俱乐部，自「language」一词谐音而来，是一个为帮助大家提升英语语言能力而建立的学习小团队。在这里，我们将定时发布涵盖各类话题的外刊语料，供大家练习精听、精读。同时还设置了严格的打卡机制，督促大家克服懒惰坚持学习。

同时我们也招募volunteer协助维护团队，确保学习活动顺利开展~大家一起营造积极向上的学习氛围~

想要提升英语能力的小伙伴，快快添加微信（theTOEFL）报名加入吧，让妥妥带你观尽天下新鲜事，览遍四海热议瓜～

作者: Dovis 时间: 2020-5-20 08:38

揽瓜阁 Day 10

Elinor 2020 5 20

精读 Women still face barriers in the workplace

一文章大意

女性在社会观念和职场生活中，仍然受到了看见或看不见的歧视。女性被要求承担更多家务，在职场上拥有异于男性的评价标准，还在社会观念上天然地被认为不适合一些职位。对此，男性需要换位思考，改变自己的态度。

二段落总结

在过去的50年里，女性在就业市场上取得了巨大的进步。但很多人仍然觉得她们的进步受到了阻碍。为了配合3月8日的国际妇女节，女权主义作家的两本新书也在探讨这个问题。
女性在被要求坚定自信地工作的同时，还被期待承担大部分的家务，这是女性受到限制的重要原因。
男性需要反思，在父权制社会环境下，无论是资本主义还是共产主义，自己所获得得性别特权。
男性需要换位思考，职场中女性和男性的评价标准是否一致。
除此之外，女性还面临其他的限制因素，比如外形的刻板印象。
举例说明了Ms. King遭遇的性别歧视的职场第一天。
举例说明了在着装标准上男女的评价体系也是不一致的。
有说法称男性女性会自然地选择不同的职业道路，而事实是，有看见或看不见的障碍阻挡了女性向其他领域发展的可能。
在所有职业竞争中，最后男女比例其实是相等的，进一步论证男女的职业选择其实是相似的。
有说法称，婚姻中男女需要有分工的，赚钱多的那一方应该承担少一部分的家务。经过研究发现，男性赚钱少的也并不比赚钱多的人承担更多的家务。
许多关于女性缺乏进步是由于天资或选择的争论其实是男性虚构出来的言论。需要改变的不是做了大部分家务，长时间工作，还得到了不公平的待遇的女性；而是男性对此的态度。

三生词摘录

stride 大步; 一步(的距离); 步态; 步伐; 进展; 进步; 发展

obstruct 阻碍妨碍

assertive 坚定自信的

patriarchy 男性统治的社会(或制度、国家); 男权政治; 父权制

forsake 抛弃，遗弃，离开(尤指不履行责任); 摒弃

plight 困难，困境 v. 保护，约定

scruffily 不整洁的

eccentric 古怪的; 异乎寻常的

四句子摘抄

Ms Howard links the patriarchy with capitalism so often that one wonders whether she has ever seen a picture of the Soviet Union’s all-male politburo or considered the harm done to women and baby girls by the Chinese Communist Party’s one-child policy.

五用时记录

阅读 5 min 总结 26 min 共计 33 min

作者: Maybupt 时间: 2020-5-20 09:07
May Day10 打卡！

作者: 龙驾马 时间: 2020-5-20 10:42
阅读

中心大意

女性在职场上取得了成就但仍遇到了不少问题。两位女权主义者出书论著，探讨了父权与社会制度，职场性别歧视，家务分担问题，尤其是男性对女性的态度问题。

段落大意

第1段虽然女性在职场上取得巨大进步，但仍然有不少阻碍。几位女权主义作家出书阐述起其主张。
第2段 Home Stretch的作者萨利霍华德认为，女性从繁忙的家务劳动中解脱出来，获得更多时间。
第3段萨利的观点比较激进，还将女权主义探讨延伸到了政治层面，认为东西方两大阵营里都有强势的父权制。
第4段但男性其实不需要用政治眼光，而只要用同理心来看待女性。
第5段 King女士的书中，则讨论了女性遇到的职场天花板问题。
第6段她在书中还列举了具体的职场性别歧视案例。
第7段人们可以忍受男性政治人物（英国首相）凌乱的发型，但却无法接受这样的女性。
第8段过去，人们常常以两性职业选择道路的不同来作为女性上升通道有限的借口。例如一百年前，医生和律师中只有极地比例的从业者是女性。
第9段但在最近几年，美国的医学院录取新生里过半是女性，英国的一半律师也是女性。
第10段另一常见论调是丈夫主要负责赚钱，妻子则多负担家务。而最新调查发现，收入低于妻子的丈夫，家务做的比收入高于妻子的丈夫还少。
第11段女性缺乏进步的观点更像是为男性虚构出来的故事。工作时间更长，操持家务更多的女性不需改变，而是男性的态度值得变更。

句子摘抄

Sometimes the excuse for the lack of female progress in certain professions is that women and men naturally choose to pursue different career paths.

Another common argument is that it makes sense for married people to specialise, with the man taking on higher-paid employment and the woman doing more of the chores.

生词

tackle v.应付处理交涉
patriarchy n.父权制
preconception n.偏见预想
dubious a.可疑的
raw deal 不公平待遇

阅读时间 12分钟
总结时间24分钟
共计 36分钟

听力

[attach]249643[/attach][attach]249644[/attach]
听写时间25分钟
总结时间20分钟
总时间45分钟

作者: yunjuan 时间: 2020-5-20 10:56
虫力大 day10

作者: lucin 时间: 2020-5-20 15:38
揽瓜阁Day10

作者: carinayang 时间: 2020-5-20 16:02
DAY10

作者: _Salaxy_ 时间: 2020-5-20 16:36
DAY 10 Reading&Listening

作者: niiiiiiiiiiiii 时间: 2020-5-20 18:10
day10

作者: dzabh01 时间: 2020-5-20 19:06
day 10 打卡，dzabh01

作者: CD用户1455103 时间: 2020-5-20 20:28
day10打卡

作者: EthanJu 时间: 2020-5-20 20:50
0520

作者: ChloeSolo 时间: 2020-5-20 20:59
Day 10

作者: 干掉他没商量 时间: 2020-5-20 21:04
[attach]249608[/attach]

Day 10 干掉他没商量

作者: Dovis 时间: 2020-5-20 21:56
听力部分

作者: 林珑在加油 时间: 2020-5-20 22:11
day 10! Happy 520!

作者: 箬箬 时间: 2020-5-20 22:13
DAY10 打卡

作者: Garfieldsu 时间: 2020-5-20 22:23
[attach]249617[/attach]
[attach]249616[/attach]

作者: MJB_HK 时间: 2020-5-20 22:35
0520 打卡

作者: cgvmc 时间: 2020-5-20 22:40
DAY10

作者: xueling620 时间: 2020-5-20 22:41
5-20打卡

作者: llzzzzzy 时间: 2020-5-20 22:46
llzzzzzy day10

作者: wanglu1994143 时间: 2020-5-20 22:51
打卡

作者: KLYnn 时间: 2020-5-20 22:51
打卡

作者: 蟹达 时间: 2020-5-20 22:53
Day 10 打卡

作者: Merer 时间: 2020-5-20 22:53
day10 打卡~

作者: 嬛嬛浅笑梨涡 时间: 2020-5-20 22:53
Day10

[attach]249632[/attach]

作者: Mintymint 时间: 2020-5-20 22:54
DAY10

作者: SereneG76 时间: 2020-5-20 22:55
节日快乐啊妥妥！！
今天阅读用时31分钟，读6分钟，精读25分钟。
今天的听力笔记没有拿回家，我明天把照片补上！！！！！！

作者: smilelyy 时间: 2020-5-20 22:57
day10
[attach]249638[/attach][attach]249637[/attach]

作者: Jackyliang88 时间: 2020-5-20 22:57
Day 10 打卡

作者: LoganLyu 时间: 2020-5-20 22:58
DAKA

作者: 武川路一棵草 时间: 2020-5-20 22:58
day10 打卡！

作者: rebeccaaaaaa 时间: 2020-5-20 22:59
DAY10

作者: 青果_lw 时间: 2020-5-20 23:00
Day 10

作者: BenjaminRen 时间: 2020-5-21 11:16
20200520

作者: N0ire 时间: 2020-7-9 23:18
补，等XXX的Day 10 (其实是Day 11了)

作者: 妥妥 时间: 2020-7-10 17:06

N0ire 发表于 2020-7-9 23:18
补，等XXX的Day 10 (其实是Day 11了)

一天做了几篇哈哈哈哈哈哈

作者: N0ire 时间: 2020-7-10 20:26

妥妥发表于 2020-7-10 17:06
一天做了几篇哈哈哈哈哈哈

多补了个听力

作者: irisrebelle 时间: 2021-9-14 05:23
2021年9月13日

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