ChaseDream
标题: 【阅读】2019/10/31起悅杜整理（11/09更新，42原始，40篇考古） [打印本页]
作者: notaholiday 时间: 2019-10-31 16:32
标题: 【阅读】2019/10/31起悅杜整理（11/09更新，42原始，40篇考古）
一、Jim law2二、甲烷5三、 manager parent6四、landlord 和tenant9五、commitment-based strategy13六、vitamin D15七、sphere17八、金融桥25九、venus27十、美国layoff29十一、R方法35十二、supernova37十三、白蚁43十四、cement污染46十五、女性斗争49十六、liquid 星球50十七、鹿和雪53十八、discount55十九、岛屿森林58二十、公司管理62二十一、水权64二十二、codfish66二十三、中国移民70二十 四、sku74二十五、jazzbepop77二十六、catfish81二十七、法国大革命82二十八、C-turning85二十九、日美管理不同86三十、seismic88三十一、wound dressing90三十二、金星氢逃逸94三十三、csr三十四、screening effect三十五、squirrel三十六、女性生育率和受教育率三十七、印度soybean三十八、handwriting三十九、复活节岛四十、美国服务业四十一、服务至上四十二、lyme disease
作者: cxiong77 时间: 2019-10-31 16:57
感谢整理!!!!!!
作者: mkmanking 时间: 2019-10-31 17:00
uk中午一点场 求拯救
作者: RISSE_娇 时间: 2019-10-31 17:05
Mark一下！
作者: 原原闲闲 时间: 2019-10-31 20:17
感谢
作者: 铺铺铺铺 时间: 2019-10-31 21:57
感谢整理！
作者: ozwaldtian888 时间: 2019-10-31 22:04
Mark一下！
作者: reneeliu2019 时间: 2019-11-1 02:15
谢谢楼主整理！
作者: 臭肥小七 时间: 2019-11-1 10:45
感谢整理！Mark一下，嘻嘻
作者: CHANRAKLILY 时间: 2019-11-1 11:43
mark
作者: janna要去德国 时间: 2019-11-1 14:16
感谢露珠，请问重合库是哪个呀~
作者: NIKOLE77777 时间: 2019-11-1 20:59
同问 阅读有重库嘛? 谢谢
作者: 萝北北 时间: 2019-11-3 01:01
相关内容 by cocolapple
In the 1890s, starting with Mississippi, most southern states began more systematically to disfranchise褫夺公权 black males by imposing voter registration restrictions, such as literacy tests识字测验, poll taxes投票税,人头税, and the white primary. These new rules of the political game were used by white registrars to deny voting privileges to blacks at the registration place rather than at the ballot box投票箱, which had previously been done by means of fraud and force. By 1910, every state of the former Confederacy had adopted laws that segregated all aspects of life (especially schools and public places) wherein blacks and whites might socially mingle混合,往来 or come into contact.
The impetus推动，刺激 for this new, legally-enforced caste order of southern life was indeed complex. Many lower-class whites, for example, hoped to wrest夺取 political power from merchants and large landowners who controlled the vote of their indebted负债的 black tenants佃户 by taking away black suffrage投票权. Some whites also feared a new generation of so-called "uppity高傲的" blacks, men and women born after slavery who wanted their full rights as American citizens. At the same time there appeared throughout America the new pseudo假的，拟似-science of eugenics that reinforced the racist views of black inferiority. Finally, many southern whites feared that the federal government might intervene in southern politics if the violence and fraud continued. They believed that by legally ending suffrage for blacks, the violence would also end. Even some blacks supported this idea and were willing to sacrifice their right to vote in return for an end to the terror.
In the end, black resistance to segregation was difficult because the system of land tenancy, known as sharecropping佃农耕作, left most blacks economically dependent upon planter-landlords and merchant suppliers. Also, the white terror at the hands of lynch mobs threatened all members of the black family--adults and children alike. This reality made it nearly impossible for blacks to stand up to Jim Crow because such actions might bring down the wrath of the white mob on one's parents, brothers, spouse, and children. Few black families, moreover, were economically well off enough to buck the local white power structure of banks, merchants, and landlords. To put it succinctly: impoverished and often illiterate southern blacks were in a weak position in the 1890s for confronting the racist culture of Jim Crow.
主要解释南方人的态度，还有南方黑人为啥会听话，因为佃农制度跟危急生命安全的关系
Historians Joel Williamson and Neil R. McMillen demonstrate that the absence of a legalized color line did not mean that one did not exist in practice or in the minds of most white southerners. Their research in South Carolina and Mississippi supports the view that a physical color line in public places had already crystallized by 1870, and it was a barrier to racial mixing enforced by violence whenever necessary. As in slavery, the social lives of southern whites remained absolutely off limits to all blacks, except when blacks acquiesced as servants or in some other way to the superior-inferior relationship that existed in the slavery era. The same was true for the intermixing of whites with blacks in civil activities; whites generally refused to participate in any events or activities that included blacks, such as volunteer fire companies, parades, or civic gatherings. Usually, whites shunned any and all public places where the color line was not firmly in place.
这段有提到MC氏～应该是他的观点，大家单字记一下
On a day-to-day level, many southern blacks resisted Jim Crow by hoping for the day when they could escape the Jim Crow South--much as their ancestors had used the Underground Railroad to escape slavery by going to the North. Thousands of blacks had indeed left for Kansas and Oklahoma in the 1880s and the 1890s. The movement to Kansas became known as the "Kansas Exodus," and even today there exist several nearly all-black towns in the state. Thousands of other black sharecroppers moved to southern towns and cities in the 1880s and 1890s. Some African Americans even tried to establish all-black towns within the South, like Mound Bayou in the Mississippi delta, in hopes of completely isolating themselves from whites altogether while staying in the region of their births. But the vast majority of black migrants from the South traveled to eastern and mid-western cities and towns, beginning in the 1890s. In a three-year span from 1916 to 1919, in what has been called the "Great Migration," over half a million blacks fled the South. Another million left in the 1920s. During the Great Depression, when black sharecroppers were turned off the land, thousands of them joined relatives and friends in Chicago, Detroit, Pittsburgh, New York, and Los Angeles.
这段有提到Great Migration
考古到了一篇跟Jim law有关的，真的巨难可以参考一下吧
作者: 萝北北 时间: 2019-11-3 01:06
老实说我看了半天还是没太理清楚观点。。。想问问nn们，所以Jim laws 是想严格白人黑人划分，在1945年开始被抵制之后废除了。Neil Mc这个人是不支持Jim laws，CVWoodward是支持Mc这个人的观点吗。
考古里这个答案是对的吗 2. 作者为什么提到 C? 功能题。说明C出现的作用
有一题：问作者提到C.V in order to……我选的答案是为了说明和M相反的一个观点。记得原文里有：M does not 同意某观点，而这个观点是C.V提出的。这题答案应该确定。
还有3/4大概是什么呢
3.以下内容哪个是Neil那本书的核心思想。
4．态度题目，Neil 对Jim crow的oppression评价
底下是一些搬运的参考
https://forum.chasedream.com/for ... A%8ECV%EF%BC%8CNeil,关于CV,Neil McMillen和Jim Crow资料整理https://forum.chasedream.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=261770&highlight=Jim%2BCrow%2BLaw [size=1.17em]分享：我對Jim Crow Law OG的背景整理
截取了一部分
这里面有CVWoodward
C. Vann Woodward对 Neil R.McMillen的书：《Dark Journey：Black Mississippians in the Age of Jim Crow》的评价
"Remarkable for its relentless truth-telling, and the depth and thoroughness of its investigation, for the freshness of its sources, and for the shock power of its findings. Even a reader who is not unfamiliar with the sources and literature of the subject can be jolted by its impact."
C. Vann Woodward 出过的书《The Strange Career of Jim Crow》
He argued that the Jim Crow laws of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries not only codified traditional practice but also were a determined effort to erase the considerable progress made by Black people during and after Reconstruction in the 1870's. This revisionist view of Jim Crow legislation grew in Part from the research that Woodward had done for the NAACP （）legal campaign during its preparation for Brown v. Board of Education. The Supreme Court had issued its ruling in this epochal desegregation case a few months before Woodward's lectures.
The book offers a clear and illuminating analysis of the history of Jim Crow laws, presenting evidence that segregation in the South dated only to the 1890s. Woodward convincingly shows that, even under slavery, the two races had not been divided as they were under the Jim Crow laws of the 1890s. In fact, during Reconstruction, there was considerable economic and political mixing of the races. The segregating of the races was a relative newcomer to the region.
吉姆·克劳法 (Jim Crow laws) 泛指1876年至1965年间美国南部各州以及边境各州对有色人种（主要针对非洲裔美国人，但同时也包含其他族群）实行种族隔离制度的法律。这些法律上的种族隔离强制公共设施必须依照种族的不同而隔离使用，且在隔离但平等的原则下，种族隔离被解释为不违反宪法保障的同等保护权，因此得以持续存在。但事实上黑人所能享有的部份与白人相较往往是较差的，而这样的差别待遇也造成了黑人长久以来处于经济、教育及社会上较为弱势的地位。
1865年至1876年的重建时期，联邦法律为南方的自由黑人提供一定程度的民权保护。重建时期结束后，南方各州政府、立法机构及法院重新被南方白人所掌控，一系列吉姆·克劳法被通过来隔离种族。
1945年后，美国民权运动兴起，民权团体用联邦法律来抵抗吉姆·克劳法。例如著名的“布朗诉托皮卡教育局案”于1954年由美国最高法院作成判决，终止了公立学校中的种族隔离；美国国会随后在1964年通过《1964年民权法案》及《1965年投票权法案》，禁止法律上有任何形式的种族隔离和歧视政策，吉姆·克劳法在法律层面上正式走入历史。
他(C. Vann Woodword)认为Jim Crow Law不仅将traditional
practice (racial segregation)编进法律，合理化歧视；还是一股抹杀黑人在美国重建期间(Reconstruction,
1865-1877)对平等所努力的成果的恶势力。
作者: CHANRAKLILY 时间: 2019-11-4 09:28
马克 感谢
作者: shenshenlynn 时间: 2019-11-4 10:12
感谢！！！
作者: CHANRAKLILY 时间: 2019-11-4 11:20
是还没有更新吗？？我怎么看的还是昨天的呢
作者: 隔夜繁华 时间: 2019-11-4 14:52
楼楼，中国移民后面三篇没有出现在文档里，可以麻烦楼楼编辑进去吗？
作者: cxiong77 时间: 2019-11-4 16:11
求把后三篇编辑，感谢感谢
作者: 一程山水 时间: 2019-11-4 21:14
感谢！
作者: chengggggg 时间: 2019-11-4 23:25
感谢！
作者: Xudannj 时间: 2019-11-5 02:01
求把后三篇编辑，感谢感谢
作者: 朝鲜冷面杀手 时间: 2019-11-5 11:10
感谢分享！
作者: Bethedream 时间: 2019-11-5 20:20
感谢分享！
作者: 首考一次过！ 时间: 2019-11-6 08:09
感谢！！！
作者: mxxxxxx 时间: 2019-11-6 19:24
感谢整理！
作者: lubb 时间: 2019-11-7 16:45
感谢分享！
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2019-11-8 09:12
Real or Fake: Studies in Authentication
Joe Nickell
Chapter 1
Investigating Documents
Just as a talented impersonator can mimic a person’s voice or mannerisms, a skillful forger can convincingly simulate someone else’s handwriting. To uncover such fakery, ancient or modern, the document sleuth must grasp all aspects of writing, including its evolution (see figure 1.1). The following discussion is not meant to replace more detailed treatises such as Albert S. Osborn’s Questioned Documents (1978) or my own Pen, Ink, & Evidence (1990) and Detecting Forgery (1996a). This introduction to writing materials, handwriting identification, warning signs of forgery, and the detection of nonforgery fakes is intended to acquaint the student with some of the basics.
第一段：先是一个类比，就像人可以模仿mimic声音一样，handwriting也是可以被模仿的。然后提出了两种不同的笔迹，一个是class的，解释说是属于一个group 的， 还有一个是individual的，是personal的。Class characteristic 是可以被模仿的，而indi的不能
Handwriting Identification
第一段：有一种笔记的形成不是个体（individual）自己发展来的，而是由于在于这个人熟悉的东西，例如他周围的人啊，环境啊之类的。这种penmanship（笔迹）叫做classical或者systematic的。。
The individuality of handwriting has been recognized since antiquity. It is the basis for both the pseudoscience of graphology (which supposedly divines personality from handwriting) and the forensic science of handwriting comparison. (For a discussion, see nickell 1992a; 1996a, 17–24.) It is crucial for the investigator to understand that many similarities may exist between two or more handwriting samples simply because their authors learned penmanship from the same writing system or even the same copybooks. Those writing features common to a group sharing the same general penmanship style are called “class characteristics.” In contrast are “individual characteristics,” or variations that evolve in mature handwriting. These individual peculiarities—in combination—will not be exactly duplicated in another’s handwriting (see figure 1.5).
第二段：the most common error made by 检查者是当他们看到他们unfamiliar不熟悉的笔迹的时候，就以为是individual的了，但实际上是class, 因为这样的错误导致很多人被怀疑是forger. 然后to avoid this mistake, 检查者要熟悉各种的handwriting,especially 古代的，他们不熟悉的笔迹。后面应该还有几句话是说什么more familiar with … less probability to make error之类的，具体不记得了，但是最后一句话有考题，就是more…more..less的地方。
第二段：所以在笔迹鉴定家鉴定的时候一定要多多了解这种系统上的笔迹，否则很可能在鉴定的时候混淆罪犯与嫌疑人的笔迹（可能嫌疑人是无罪的），因为可能他们出自一个笔迹系统或者群体。什么办法才能避免呢？没有其他的办法，只有笔迹鉴定家尽其所能把能收集到的系统笔迹全收集到，要都熟悉，才能防止混淆。
第二段说examiners会把文章里他们unfamiliar的内容错误地归为individual charateristic，但它们实际上是class characteristics（有题），然后说为了防止这种错误这些examiners应该去学习了解这些对于他们来说不太熟悉的内容。
Failure to distinguish between class and individual characteristics is the mark of the layperson or rank amateur. Document examiner Ordway Hilton (1982, 160) noted, “The most common error of the unqualified examiner is to describe an unusual characteristic as being individual when in fact it merely belongs to a writing system outside the sphere of his experience.” Such errors have actually resulted in persons being wrongly convicted of forgery and other crimes. To avoid such serious problems, the examiner must become familiar with all the basic styles of penmanship (see figure 1.1), including, if he or she is working with historical documents, antiquated handwriting systems. As a rule, the less familiar one is with a handwriting system, and the more ornate such a system of penmanship is, the more likely one is to mistake class characteristics for individual ones.
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2019-11-8 10:37
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/infection-kill-thyself
Infection, kill thyself
New wound dressings drive bacteria down a suicidal path
BY RACHEL EHRENBERG
11:46AM, APRIL 28, 2010
Scientists are turning harmful bacteria into agents of their own destruction. In an effort to create antibacterial wound dressings, a new material comes laden with microbial booby traps that are triggered by the activity of harmful bacteria, scientists report online April 20 in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
BETTER BAND-AIDS Future wound dressings might contain tiny vesicles that break down when exposed to bacterial toxins, releasing an antibiotic that then kills the attacking microbes and helps keep the wound safe from infection.
Bacterial infections are a serious problem for patients with burns and other wounds, says study coauthor Toby Jenkins of the University of Bath in England. While many wound dressings today contain silver to thwart microbial activity, the metal can hurt human cells that are trying to regrow. The silver may also cull out weaker bacteria, leaving the survivors even more of a threat than before.
P1: 传统治疗伤口的药含有silver用来kill bacteria，然而silver有两个坏处：1）损害一些健康的cell 2）杀死了一些弱的bacteria但把一些强的bacteria留下了。然后有科学家研究出一个东西X，这东西和bacteria攻击的prime cell很像，但当bacteria攻击时就会release一种物质把bacteria杀死
Jenkins and his colleagues have set out to build a better dressing by peppering it with tiny capsulelike vesicles that look to bacteria exactly like cells prime for infection. But when the bacteria do attack, they release an antibacterial agent that kills them and any of their kind that happen to be nearby.
第二段讲 于是科学家发明了新的dressing还是啥的，且用这个新的东西test, 和两种细菌做测试， coli啥的 还有一个好像是E开头的。结果是 这个Coli啥的细菌还是大量滋生，而另外一种E的细菌几乎不长 (什么什么 at all）（第二段有题 细节题）
The researchers tested their strategy by inoculating pieces of fabric with two harmful bacteria — a species of Staphylococcus and a member of the Pseudomonas group, famed for glomming onto medical devices — as well as a harmless type of E. coli.
When they placed the fabric scraps in petri dishes along with bacteria, the harmless E. coli grew readily. But the toxin-releasing Staph and Pseudomonas barely grew at all. This suggests that the harmful bacteria did in fact release toxins or enzymes that busted open the vesicles, unleashing the antibiotic inside and sealing their own fate. The E. coli flourished because they left the vesicles intact, the researchers suspect.
P2：他做了个对照实验，来验证自己的结论，胶囊型的就不会对人体其它细胞的生长有阻碍作用，而另一组会有bad effect.
P3：说是医院还是什么的就反对他的实验结论，认为他的实验有缺陷，不能把toxin什么和non-toxin什么的提取啊还是怎么的，就说他做法错。
“This is a nice approach and they’ve shown in principle that it works,” says biomedical engineer Christopher Batich of the University of Florida in Gainesville. However, he cautions that the simple system has many hurdles to overcome before it will be useful in a hospital setting. For example, bacteria can’t be tidily arranged into “good” and “bad” groups where one is toxin-producing and the other is not. “You’d have to work with real bacteria and real wounds to see if it makes a difference,” Batich says.
最后一段是这样的： Critics cautions that ......cannot be arranged ......toxining and non-toxinig 在实际的情况下(这句没怎么看懂，但是有考点，问关于critics的caution的)第二句紧接着说，科学家要把它从minute变到hours。(最后就两句话但是挺重要的尤其是第一句有考点，而且答案各种tricky……)
For now, the team is trying to make vesicles that last longer than the current span of minutes to hours. And while the researchers tried their system with bacteria-killing sodium azide, in practice the vesicles would be filled with different antibiotics depending on the patient’s wound.
“I think it’s a lovely idea,” says microbiologist Simon Silver of the University of Illinois at Chicago, who was not involved with the work. But he wonders whether the technique would make much difference if bacteria were buried deep in a wound. “It’s too early to say if it will be more fruitful,” Silver says.
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2019-11-8 10:51
Lyme disease : the cause, the cure, the controversy
by Barbour, Alan G., M.D
Vaccines
When sources of an infectious disease are unavoidable and when treatment is either nonexistent or only partially effective, we look to that cornerstone of preventive medicine: a vaccine. Malaria is an example. This parasite infection can be prevented by measures that interrupt at one step or another the disease’s transmission by mosquitoes. But now many vectors are resistant to the insecticides that once kept their numbers low. Malaria has been successfully treated with medicines such as quinine. But the malaria parasites themselves are becoming resistant to the effects of these treatments. As the standbys of prevention and treatment reveal vulnerabilities over time, there is keener interest in developing a vaccine to prevent malaria.
P1: Lyme disease，开发疫苗是个有争议的事情。但是疫苗的副作用不清楚，并且由于这种病rarely fatal (这里注意！JJ是非常FATAL,实际说的是不致命！！！意思反了，后面有题，不理解会选错的！）所以一点点可能的导致患者对副作用tolerance 低；同时，做好的疫苗不见的买的出去（这里没解释原因），举了另一个疫苗rocky mountain feverdisease的例子，某某就是最后那种疫苗卖不出去就停产了（有题问举例作用）
Although malaria’s global scope dwarfs that of Lyme disease, there are parallels between the two diseases which are instructive with respect to vaccines. For many years a vaccine for use in humans was generally thought of as a low-priority item for Lyme disease prevention, and in fact, some experts continue to dispute the proposition that a Lyme disease vaccine is needed. Tick bites were viewed as being avoidable by means of a few simple precautions for outdoor activities. Moreover, the disease was seen by most physicians as easily treated with antibiotics. There was, in addition, little apparent incentive for a company to develop and market a vaccine against the disease. A vaccine for the more frequently fatal tick-borne disease Rocky Mountain spotted fever was taken off the market for the lack of use. Inasmuch as Lyme disease is rarely fatal, the public’s acceptance of side effects or actual illness from a vaccine would be expected to be low. What with the amount of litigation against vaccines for proven killers such as whooping cough and diphtheria, how great would be the “bottom line” for a vaccine against a more benign infection? How tolerant, it was further asked, would people be of untoward reactions to a vaccine against an infection that could easily be avoided to begin with, and that could be treated if acquired?
These are discouraging considerations and doubts. Nevertheless, public and professional demand have grown to the point that efforts to develop a vaccine for humans are now under way on both sides of the Atlantic. One justification is the recognition, over the last decade, that the impact of Lyme disease on the health and quality of life in high-risk areas is considerable. In some communities 10 percent of the population have been infected. There has been only limited success to date in controlling the disease by interrupting transmission to people in these areas. For many suburban residents, exposure to infection is almost impossible to avoid. This is especially true for outdoor workers and residents of communities with many deer and infected ticks around homes. Although many early infections with B. burgdorferi come to a physician’s attention, further experience has shown that infections occur without the rash of erythema migrans having been noticed. In the rash’s absence it is difficult to distinguish Lyme disease from a summer virus infection. In these cases the infection may go untreated during the stage in which treatment is most effective.
People with late infection, like those with the early form of the disease, usually respond to antibiotic therapy, but longer treatments are required. Moreover, some patients with Lyme disease involving the joints or nervous system do not substantially improve even after intravenous antibiotics. The arthritis continues for months to years, or the fatigue and achiness persist long after the antibiotics have been discontinued. Notwithstanding doubts about the accuracy of some diagnoses of chronic Lyme disease, the specter of a large number of persons with unrelieved disabilities has been another factor in the increased interest in a Lyme disease vaccine.
作者: clairexixi 时间: 2019-11-8 15:47
谢谢！但是大家没有同样的问题吗？链接点开是Error呢。。
作者: 马恋恋 时间: 2019-11-9 18:02
楼主怎么找不到了？！！！
作者: amkjw 时间: 2019-11-9 21:43
顶楼主！
作者: amkjw 时间: 2019-11-9 21:45
我点开也是 404了
作者: ywyue 时间: 2019-11-11 18:55
感谢分享！
作者: Mavis1010 时间: 2019-11-12 11:27
请问有人知道今天换库了吗
作者: elyonnn 时间: 2019-11-12 12:09
同意！
作者: 狗狗AGO 时间: 2019-11-12 16:35
感谢分享！
作者: cianyu 时间: 2019-11-13 09:31
可以問下：悅杜的0917跟1031，除了題目增加，應該沒什麼差別吧？
作者: lemon181 时间: 2019-11-25 16:14
感谢整理
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