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标题: 9.24阅读一 [打印本页]

作者: AMBER513 时间: 2019-9-24 10:19
标题: 9.24阅读一

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, signed in 1987 by more than 150 nations, has attained its short-term goals: it has decreased the rate of increase in amounts of most ozone-depleting chemicals reaching the atmosphere and has even reduced the atmospheric levels of some of them.

简要介绍这个协定以及实现的短期目标，注意时间点以及短期目标的介绍，和第一问有关。

The projection that the ozone layer will substantially recover from ozone depletion by 2050 is based on the assumption that the protocol’s regulations will be strictly followed.

说明协定的预期效果（长期目标）想要实现的前提是规定被严格遵守，为下文描写规定并没有被遵守埋下伏笔。

Yet there is considerable evidence of violations, particularly in the form of the release of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s), which are commonly used in the refrigeration, heating, and air conditioning industries. These violation reflect industry attitudes; for example, in the United States, 48 percepts of respondents in a recent survey of subscribers to Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration News, and industry trade journal, said that they did not believe that CFC’s damage the ozone layer.

在冰箱暖气空调的行业中常出现违反规定的案例，并且有48%的应答者认为CEC'S对臭氧层并没有损害。

Moreover, some in the industry apparently do not want to pay for CFC substitutes, which can run five times the cost of CFC’s. Consequently, a black market in imported illicit CFC’s has grown. Estimates of the contraband CFC trade range from 10,000 to 22,000 tons a year, with most of the CFC’s originating in India and China, whose agreements under the Protocol still allow them to produce CFC’s. In fact, the United States Customs Service reports that CFC-12 is a contraband problem second only to illicit drugs.

并且因为CFC'S的替代品会使成本增长五倍，出现了黑市进口此物质，来源于印度和中国，因为这两个国家的法律允许。美国海关说CFC-12已经成为仅次于毒品的最大走私物品。

行文逻辑：协定的短期目标实现→实现长期目标的前提→前提并没有被满足：①行业内有48%的受访者认为CFC'S对臭氧层没有影响（观念层面）②CFC'S的替代品使生产成本增加，厂家会选择使用走私的CFC-12，来源于印度和中国（经营层面）

283. According to the passage, which of the following best describes most ozone-depleting chemicals in 1996 as compared to those in 1987?

(A) The levels of such chemicals in the atmosphere had decreased.

(B) The number of such chemicals that reached the atmosphere had declined.

(D) The rate of increase in amounts of such chemicals reaching the atmosphere had decreased.

(E) The rate at which such chemicals were being reduced in the atmosphere had slowed.

第一句话中关于短期目标的描述:增长率下降，部分地区成分下降

284. The author of the passage compares the smuggling of CFC’s to the illicit drug trade most likely for which of the following reasons?

(A) To qualify a previous claim

(B) To emphasize the extent of a problem

(D) To suggest that the illicit CFC trade, likely the illicit drug trade, will continue to increase

(E) To suggest that the consequences of a relatively little-knows problem are as serious as those of a well-known one

[size=14.6667px]最后一句，前面提到了走私的数量之多，现在再来强调一下到底有多严重

285. The passage suggests which of the following about the illicit trade in CFC’s?

(A) It would cease if manufacturers in India and China stopped producing CFC’s.

(B) Most people who participate in such trade do not believe that CFC’s deplete the ozone layer.

(D) It is fostered by people who do not want to pay the price of CFC substitutes.

(E) It has grown primarily because of the expansion of the refrigeration, heating, and air-conditioning industries in foreign countries.

B选项most不对，48%不算most，而且也只是一个survey

C选项文中没有提到，只说是仅次于毒品的第二大走私品

D选项对，因为有了厂商们偷奸耍滑的需求才为中国和印度的cfc制造商创造商机，没有买卖就没有伤害

E选项文中提到了CFC是有替代品的，并不是家电生产的必需品，所以不对

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