请教两道逻辑题，不胜感激：
新东方补充教材62
meteorologists say that if only they could design an accurate mathematical model of the atmosphere with all its complexeities, they could forecast the weather with real precision. But this is an idle boast, immune to any evaluation, for any inadequate weather forecast would obviously be blamed on imperfections in the model.
which of the following, if true, could best be used as a basis for arguing against the author's position that the meteorologists' claim cannot be evaluated?
a.certain unusual configurations of data can serve as the basis for precise weather forecasts even though the exact causal mechanisms are not understood.
b.most significant gains in the accuracy of teh relevant mathematical models are accompanied by clear gains in the precision of weather forecasts.
c.mathematical models of the meteorological aftermath of such catastrophic events as volcanic eruptions are beginning to be constructed.
d.modern weather forecasts for as much as a full day ahead are broadly correct about 80 percent of the time.
e.meteorologists readily concede that the accurate mathematical model they are talking about is not now in their power to construct.
OG 205
consumer advocate: it is generally true, at least in this state, that lawyers who advertise a specific service charge less for that service than lawyers who do not advertise. It is also true that each time restrictions on the advertising of legal services have been eliminated, the number of lawyers advertising their services has increased and legal costs to consumers have declined in consequence. However, eliminating the state requirement that legal advertisements must specify fees for specific services would almost certainly increase rather than further reduce consumers' legal costs. Lawyers would no longer have an incentive to lower their fees when they begin advertising and if no longer required to specify fee arrangements, many lawyers who now advertise would increase their fees.
in the consumer advocate's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles ?
a.the first is a genetalization that the consumer advocate accepts as true; the second is presented as a consequence that follows from the truth of that genetalizations.
b.the first is a pattern of cause and effect that the consumer advocate argues will be repeated in the case at issue; the second acknowledges a circumstance in which that pattern would not hold
c.the first is a pattern of cause and effect that the consumer advocate predicts will not hold in the case at issue; the second offers a consideration in support of that prediction.
d.the first is evidence that the consumer advocate offers in support of a certain prediction; the second is that prediction.
e.the first acknowledges a consideratrion that weighs against the main position that the consumer advocate defends; the second is that position.
请教两道逻辑题，不胜感激：
新东方补充教材62
meteorologists say that if only they could design an accurate mathematical model of the atmosphere with all its complexeities, they could forecast the weather with real precision. But this is an idle boast, immune to any evaluation, for any inadequate weather forecast would obviously be blamed on imperfections in the model.
which of the following, if true, could best be used as a basis for arguing against the author's position that the meteorologists' claim cannot be evaluated?
a.certain unusual configurations of data can serve as the basis for precise weather forecasts even though the exact causal mechanisms are not understood.
b.most significant gains in the accuracy of teh relevant mathematical models are accompanied by clear gains in the precision of weather forecasts.
c.mathematical models of the meteorological aftermath of such catastrophic events as volcanic eruptions are beginning to be constructed.
d.modern weather forecasts for as much as a full day ahead are broadly correct about 80 percent of the time.
e.meteorologists readily concede that the accurate mathematical model they are talking about is not now in their power to construct.
答案e，题意是气象学家说只要有准确的模型，他们就可以精确的预测模型。文中反驳说，吹牛，你预测的不准确都可以赖人家模型。然后问基础，中间缺少的桥梁就是这个模型啦，如果准确的模型能够作出，文中反驳用的evaluation就可以实现了啊～所以基础必然是模型无法准确做出～
OG 205
consumer advocate: it is generally true, at least in this state, that lawyers who advertise a specific service charge less for that service than lawyers who do not advertise. It is also true that each time restrictions on the advertising of legal services have been eliminated, the number of lawyers advertising their services has increased and legal costs to consumers have declined in consequence. However, eliminating the state requirement that legal advertisements must specify fees for specific services would almost certainly increase rather than further reduce consumers' legal costs. Lawyers would no longer have an incentive to lower their fees when they begin advertising and if no longer required to specify fee arrangements, many lawyers who now advertise would increase their fees.
in the consumer advocate's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles ?
a.the first is a genetalization that the consumer advocate accepts as true; the second is presented as a consequence that follows from the truth of that genetalizations.
b.the first is a pattern of cause and effect that the consumer advocate argues will be repeated in the case at issue; the second acknowledges a circumstance in which that pattern would not hold
c.the first is a pattern of cause and effect that the consumer advocate predicts will not hold in the case at issue; the second offers a consideration in support of that prediction.
d.the first is evidence that the consumer advocate offers in support of a certain prediction; the second is that prediction.
e.the first acknowledges a consideratrion that weighs against the main position that the consumer advocate defends; the second is that position.
太经典了，你去置顶或者前面翻翻应该哪哪都是讨论啊～～诶亚丢人了，不好意思没有仔细看题干，昨天匆匆茫茫的以为是支持作者反驳气象学家
今天看了看发现是支持气象学家，反驳作者啊～～～那就选择跟气象学家站一边就行了，其实关键还是模型，就反着说，模型有用。那么b就很完美了啊，精确的预测总是伴随着精确的模型～
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