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标题: 690-650-730 V40Q50IR8AWA6 [打印本页]
作者: Emmayeli 时间: 2019-7-23 16:19
标题: 690-650-730 V40Q50IR8AWA6
楼主在去年12月份首考690，V35 Q49。然后接着期末考试+实习，3月份才又开始复习，好像4月底考了才650，当时整个做题节奏都乱了，遇到一道阅读很难就花了很多时间在上面，接着就是靠回忆寂静回答问题。之后我报了5节逻辑一对一，以及咨询了750的大佬，让我对逻辑和阅读有了很深的不一样的认识，于是5.28再战730，我IR基本没练，模考也都是4、5分，没想到实战满分，惊呆了。感谢各位CD大佬还有我的老师！！
于是，我对GMAT也有了更深的领悟，就是1. 审题速度快的能力 2. 短时间内总结的能力（就是RON说的narrow focus) 3. 预判能力
练习的时候，一定：1. 做真题（prep og 是重点，不要做700-800因为里面逻辑涉及LSAT的比较复杂，但GMAT逻辑比较简单）
2. 做完题一定要总结！！
3. 每天可只做10道逻辑，2~3篇阅读，但一定要精！
下面是逻辑重点：
1. Narrow focus：
（1）看清题目的范围：是evidence, hypothesis还是什么
（2）Some …(可能无关)；
in fact, however；although….,XX believe that…. (说明前面的不是重点)
… since….，….(说明前面只是背景)
…(现象) thus….（后面才是重点）【果因。措施目的】
It is true that….. (前面不是重点)nevertheless…
….., suggesting that …(这个才是重点)
（3）根据题目范围narrow：间接前提à结论：1.XXX2.XXX
2. 题目是增强或者削弱argument:一般不会引入新的信息
Conclusion:会引入新的信息
3. 无关选项:
（1）主题无关、无关比较、他方案无关
（2）故意给出相关因素，但方向相对不确定，
比如说change limitations on.但是不知道是增加了还是减少了。
（3）故意把态度写得很明显（缺点写的很清楚）但仔细检查却发现跟结论讨论的主题有断桥
（4）写超出条件范围的内容
IF xxx, then (argument)/ provided that…, (argument) 【假设的不能增强，因为没发生，如果发生的话，才会有影响】
“xxxx seems likely”
“it is uncertain whether xxx”
“There are no signs that XXXhas started happening”
(5) 故意写有一些exception
E.g.Not all tourists who come to X enjoy swimming orsurfing.
--》some people don’tdo what lots of other people do.
要记住-> Whenever there is a trend, there will always be exceptions tothe trend.
Doesn’t affect thetrend itself.
（6）说事情的紧急性或严重性
（7）说过去发生的事：过去发生的不代表现在或将来也会。
（8）说现在前提达不到，但是结论是未来，因此不影响：即用现在情况削弱未来是不对的。
具体的十大论证我有放在文件里面，大家可以下载自行观看，每个论证都有例子，还有详细的解释，都是自己做的。
阅读给大家看看我平时是怎么做的：
我随机挑选了哈：
1.
The sloth bear, an insect-eating animalnative to Nepal, exhibits only one behavior that is truly distinct from that ofother bear species: the females carry their cubs (at least part-time) until thecubs are about nine months old, even though the cubs can walk on their own atsix months. (现象：sloth bear跟其他熊不同在女性会一直抱着孩子直到孩子九个月) Cub-carryingalso occurs among some other myrmecophagous (ant-eating) mammals（这个现象在其他食虫的哺乳动物中常见）; therefore, one explanation is that cub-carrying is necessitated bymyrmecophagy,（解释1：M） since myrmecophagy entails a low metabolic rate and high energyexpenditure in walking between food patches. However, although polar bears'locomotion is similarly inefficient, (反对：1. 指出反例)polar bear cubs walk along with their mother. Furthermore, thedaily movements of sloth bears and American black bears—which are similar in size to sloth bears and have similar-sized homeranges—reveal similar travel rates and distances,suggesting that if black bear cubs are able to keep up with their mother, so tooshould sloth bear cubs.（反对：2.sloth跟美国黑熊）
An alternative explanation is defensefrom predation. （解释2：被捕食的防卫）Black bear cubs use trees fordefense, whereas brown bears and polar bears, which regularly inhabit treelessenvironments, rely on aggression to protect their cubs. （现象：指出不同种类的熊依赖树木有不同的防卫方式）Like brown bears and polar bears (and unlike other myrmecophagousmammals, which are noted for their passivity), sloth bears are easily provokedto aggression. （1.指出sloth类似后者aggression）Sloth bears also have relativelylarge canine teeth, which appear to be more functional for fighting than forforaging. （举例支持论点）Like brown bears and polar bears,sloth bears may have evolved in an environment with few trees.（2. sloth生长在几乎没数的地方） They are especiallyattracted to food rich grasslands; although few types of grassland persisttoday on the Indian subcontinent, this type of habitat was once widespreadthere.（论证：他们喜欢食物充足的草木丛） Grasslands support highdensities of tigers, which fight and sometimes kill sloth bears; sloth bearsalso coexist with and have been killed by tree-climbing leopards, and are oftenconfronted and chased by rhinoceroses and elephants,, which can topple trees. （论证：当时过去草木丛经常被杀死）Collectively these factors probably selected against tree climbingas a defensive strategy for sloth bear cubs. （总结：1，2两个因素合并说明sloth不要爬树是为了保护崽）Because sloth bears are smaller than brown and polar bears and areunder greater threat from dangerous animals, they may have adopted the extraprecaution of carrying their cubs.（进一步观点：他们跟brown andpolar比更脆弱，所以接受了这种更进一步的保护） Although cub carrying may also be adaptive formyrmecophagous foraging,（尽管这个也符合前面一种解释） the behavior of sloth bear cubs, which ontheir mother's back at the first sign of danger, suggests that predation was akey stimulus. （但是，崽的行为说明保护是最重要的因素）最后一句话说明作者肯定了第二种解释，但是也没有完全否定第一种）
2.
More selectivethan most chemical pesticides in that they ordinarily destroy only unwantedspecies, biocontrol agents (such as insects, fungi, and viruses) eat, infect,or parasitize targeted plant or animal pests.（介绍BA） However, biocontrol agents cannegatively affect nontarget species （BA的副作用）by, for example, competing with them for resources（举例1：与不是目标对象争资源）: a biocontrol agent mightreduce the benefits conferred by a desirable animal species by consuming aplant on which the animal prefers to lay its eggs. Another example of indirectnegative consequences occurred in England (举例2：导致蝴蝶的死亡)when a virus introduced to control rabbits reduced the amount ofopen ground (because large rabbit populations reduce the ground cover), in turnreducing underground ant nests and triggering the extinction of a bluebutterfly that had depended on the nests to shelter its offspring. The paucityof known extinctions or disruptions resulting from indirect interactions mayreflect not the infrequency of such mishaps but rather the failure to look foror to detect them（少量的这种事不说明事情发生的少而是因为不能去识别）: mostorganisms likely to be adversely affected by indirect interactions are of littleor no known commercial value and the events linking a biocontrol agent with anadverse effect are often unclear. （解释1：许多被消极影响的都是没有商业价值并且很多事都不清楚））Moreover, （解释2： 确定可能性风险是困难的）determining the potential risks of biocontrol agents before they areused is difficult, especiallywhen a nonnative agent is introduced, because, unlike a chemical pesticide, abiocontrol agent may adapt in unpredictable ways, so that it can feed on orotherwise harm new hosts.（解释）
3.
The professionalization of the study of history inthe second half of the nineteenth century, [url=]includinghistory's transformation from a literary genre to a scientific discipline,[/url][W用1] had important consequences not only forhistorians' perceptions of women but also for women as historians.（主题句：历史的专业化的影响：历史学家对女性的看法和女的历史学家） Thedisappearance of women as objects of historical studies during this period haselements of irony to it. （具体影响：历史学家缺乏对女性的研究：有讽刺意味的）Onthe one hand, in writing about women, earlier historians had relied not onfirsthand sources but rather on secondary sources; the shift to more rigorousresearch methods required that secondary sources be disregarded（正：调查方法的转变取消第二手资料） On the other hand, the development of archival research and thecritical editing of collections of documents began to reveal significant newhistorical evidence concerning women, yet this evidence was perceived assubstantially irrelevant（负：调查的发展带来关于女性的新的历史证据，但这些证据被视为无关的）: historians saw political history as the general framework forhistorical writing. Because women were seen as belonging to the private ratherthan to the public sphere, the discovery of documents about them, or by them,did not, by itself, produce history acknowledging the contributions of women. （具体1：女性被视为私有的领域，那些发现不产生有关女性的贡献的历史）In addition,genres such as biography and memoir, those forms of "particularhistory" that women had traditionally authored, fell into disrepute. （具体2：一些女人自己写的特别历史的种类被争议）The dividing linebetween "particular history" and general history was redefined instronger terms, widening the gulf between amateur and professional practices ofhistorical research.（特别历史和宽泛历史的区别导致了业余和专业历史调查做法的更多不同） The passage is primarily concerned with
· A describing some effects of the professionalizationof the study of history on the writing of women's history
·
E criticizing certain changes that occurred in the [url=]writing[/url]
[W用2] of historyduring the second half of the nineteenth century
原文并没有criticize，只是客观地描述了。
[W用1]只是在举例professionalization
包括哪些。略读
所以其实我做一篇阅读的时间也蛮久的，包括题目至少半小时。
切记不要急于求成，认为刷题就是努力有用功了，不要骗自己。其实最累的就是总结工作，但是这个见效其实才最快~
希望有帮助到大家！！
作者: 断了的弦 时间: 2020-5-16 07:28
谢谢楼主，阅读材料很有用
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