ChaseDream
标题: 【阅读】11/02起悦嘟寂静整理（11/10更新，47篇原始，43篇考古） [打印本页]
作者: huajiananhai 时间: 2018-11-2 14:52
标题: 【阅读】11/02起悦嘟寂静整理（11/10更新，47篇原始，43篇考古）
目录一、 【考古】chicken
二、 【考古】agent theory
三、 【考古】upstream
四、 【考古】南方黑人
五、 【考古】植物与河
六、 【考古】法国大革命
七、 【考古】水泥
八、 【考古】Nitrogen
九、 【考古】失业率和通货膨胀率
十、 【暂无考古】Nursing
十一、 【少考古】Software 【新增原始】
十二、 【考古】Laser
十三、 【考古】Focus group
十四、 【考古】Drought
十五、 【暂无考古】S type
十六、 【考古】Brand
十七、 【考古】Supernova
十八、 【考古】美国妇女重新就业
十九、 【考古】美国health care
二十、 【考古】蚂蚁milkweed
二十一、 【新增考古】四个经济指标 【新增考古】
二十二、 【考古】Predatory pricing
二十三、 【考古】Benchmark
二十四、 【暂无考古】Innovation
二十五、 【考古】蓝宝石
二十六、 【考古】古人类研究
二十七、 【考古】Ozone
二十八、 【考古】广告价格和弹性
二十九、 【考古】早期作品
三十、 【考古】Mantle
三十一、 【考古】爱尔兰女性权利
三十二、 【考古】green revolution
三十三、 【考古】支票
三十四、 【考古】基因
三十五、 【考古】N民族灭亡
三十六、 【考古】森林火灾
三十七、 【考古】期货房地产
三十八、 【考古】Online resume
三十九、 【考古】海水温度
四十、 【考古】机器人
四十一、 【考古】盐
四十二、 【考古】瓦特蒸汽机
四十三、 【考古】Wage gap
四十四、 【考古】Merger
四十五、 【考古】RNA
四十六、 【考古】CEO和compensation
四十七、 【暂无考古】美国法律
--------------
2018/11/02起寂静整理汇总：
【原始汇总】11/02起原始寂静汇总 by Cinderella灰
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1331066-1-1.html
【数学】11/02起数学寂静原始稿 by qv0518
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1331060-1-1.html
【数学讨论稿1-100】2018/11/02起数学讨论稿 by BurgerQueen
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1331063-1-1.html
【数学讨论稿101-200】2018/11/02起数学讨论稿 by XY蓿安
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1331070-1-1.html
【阅读】11/02起阅读静整理 by huajiananhai
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1331080-1-1.html
【逻辑】11/02起逻辑寂静整理 by Lizavetta929
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1331098-1-1.html
【语法】11/02起语法寂静整理稿 by AthenaF
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1331064-1-1.html
【IR】11/02起IR寂静整理 by Super鳄鱼杭
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1331117-1-1.html
【作文】11/02起坐稳寂静整理 by qv0518
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1331061-1-1.html
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-11-2 15:39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
If Not for Plants, Could Rivers Bend? Geologists strengthen the case that early rooted plants engineered the look of modern rivers
Catherine Clabby
American Scientist
Vol. 98, No. 3 (May-June 2010), pp. 200-201
Published by: Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27859504
Page Count: 2
For decades, the Canadian geologist Martin Gibling has been intrigued by the tough-to-prove hypothesis that land plants created the shape of modern rivers hundreds of millions of years ago.
Plant roots reinforced the ground, the thinking goes, creating stable banks that funneled what once were wide, shallow water flows into narrower and deeper channels. By extension, that set the stage for lots of significant Earth history events, including the rise of human civilizations in modern river basins so many millennia later.
Now Gibling and postdoctoral scientist Neil Davies, both at Dalhousie University, have strengthened this case. When the pair compared a much-improved plant fossil record with evidence of how rivers changed very long ago, the transitions matched up.
”As soon as the plants got a foothold on land and rooted vegetation started, that changed the landscape. Basically plants engineered that landscape as they evolved,” says Davies. He and Gibling have published the findings in both Geology and Earth-Science Reviews.
第二段：有个科学家的研究加强了这个理论。在一些5 million 以前的化石中找到了植物改变河道的证据。
Back in the Cambrian period, which ended some 500 million years ago, the geologic record indicates that rivers were very shallow but wide things, almost floods that allowed rainwater to wash from largely barren solid ground to sea. Deposits left behind were preserved as sheets of coarse grains, some of which suggest these rivers were 1,000 or more times as wide as they were deep.
”There is probably nowhere on Earth where rivers form the way they did before vegetation,” Gibling says.
一篇植物的Roots改变River的超长，2个科学家研究一个什么理论，讲了一个什么C时代前后，sediment的变化，以前河道很宽，变深，真的非常长
But by the time of the Silurian-Devonian boundary, some 420 million years ago, the picture found in preserved sedimentary rock changes. The blankets of unconsolidated sediment found in earlier river deposits appear less frequently. It happens just as evidence of land vegetation with root systems also expands in the rock record.
In addition, more complex and diverse river remains emerge, including more traces of mud, probably due to the enhanced chemical weathering that plants assist; smaller-sized sand grains; and samples of organic remains. Significantly, shapes shift too.
Organized deposits become visible in the remains of highly sinuous, single-thread channels. Evidence of lateral accretion—the digging away of material at the outer bends of a river and the simultaneous deposition of material at the inner bends—is more abundant.
There is also variation that appears to be related to the local climate during the times that the rivers flowed. ”Before plants evolved, it didn’t matter if a river was in a polar region, a temperate region or an arid region, the rivers looked the same. Later you find differences,” says Davies, who devoted two and a half years to this project.
Edward Cotter, a geologist long on the faculty of Bucknell University, was among the people arguing 30 years ago that rivers went through a big transition during the same period that Gibling and Davies emphasize. He observed it in sedimentary rocks in the central Appalachian Mountains dating from 450 to 250 million years ago. But unlike Gibling and Davies, he had limited evidence with which to extrapolate globally from his observations.
”They had a much richer database. They have a much healthier under- standing of how rivers run. They went around to different parts of the world and looked with their own eyes,” says Cotter, whose research Gibling and Da- vies cite in their publications.
Using funding from the Canadian government, Davies and Gibling reviewed 144 published reports describing river sediment preserved in the rock record, dating from the Cambrian to the Devonian, to build their case. They Visited 34 spots themselves in North America and Europe. And they scrutinized experimental results.
One laboratory finding that impressed Gibling was achieved at St. Anthony Falls Laboratory at the University of Minnesota. Working in a tank, researchers there described how vegetation—in this case alfalfa sprouts that were allowed to germinate on banks—transformed a channel that flowed between multiple sandbars into one that self-organized into a single-thread channel.
”The strength of the roots of alfalfa was enough to completely change the whole pattern. That generated a meandering river with banks that migrate and are erosion resistant,” Gibling says.
Dov Corenblit, an associate professor at the University of Paris who describes himself as a biogeomorphologist, says Davies and Gibling have delivered more than just insight into the history of rivers. They have expanded evidence that the biotic and abiotic features of this planet influence one another.
Their findings ”may be considered significant progress in the comprehension of one of the most critical phases in the coupling between physical and biological processes on Earth,” Corenblit says.
The Dalhousie University geologists aren’t done. They want to explore whether any of the periodic mass extinctions experienced on Earth might have affected the shapes of rivers as well. They are scouring the literature for changes preserved from the end of the Permian, when a lot of plant life was wiped out.
”We’ll look to see if rivers reverted to the older form,” Davies says.
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-11-2 15:47
一篇traditioanl manufacturing不能soly依赖variety of goods， quality什么的，然后比较了craftsmanship；讲了upstream downstream；最后说工人们也很懂技术，可以很好的讲解技术什么的
https://hbr.org/1989/07/the-service-factory
Mass production overtook customized craftsmanship because customers came to value standardized goods over higher priced, personalized goods. As a result, work grew increasingly compartmentalized through the division of labor. Craftsmanship (that is, manufacturing) became separated from downstream activities, like sales and postpurchase service, as well as from upstream activities, like new-product development and design. Gradually, manufacturing received more and more of its information and instructions through filters—divisions and departments that were separated, functionally and physically, from the production site. Not surprisingly, manufacturing managers complained that those who defined their work rarely understood it or cared enough about its details, problems, or technical possibilities.
For decades, companies muddled through. In recent years, as Japanese competition put pressure on manufacturing businesses everywhere, manufacturers have worked mightily and successfully to educate workers and break down some of the barriers between their upstream activities and the work of the factory. They have encouraged interfunctional communication between product designers and manufacturing engineers and between R&D and quality managers on the factory floor.
作者: 萧瑟的冬日 时间: 2018-11-2 17:28
楼上两篇是接近的原文？？
作者: Daisy7711 时间: 2018-11-2 17:49
第一篇也太惨无人道了一点吧
作者: Irenesha 时间: 2018-11-2 19:19
谢谢小天使，明天考试，比心心
作者: YuGe0726 时间: 2018-11-2 19:38
Mark一下！
作者: YuGe0726 时间: 2018-11-2 19:39
明天考试加油啊! 心态看起来好好
作者: shakaga 时间: 2018-11-2 20:20
碰到第一篇这样的文章.....心态会不会崩。。。
作者: MgsLee 时间: 2018-11-2 21:50
Mark一下！
作者: 太太乐不乐 时间: 2018-11-2 23:30
thx babe
作者: hah12123 时间: 2018-11-3 08:45
真的感谢
作者: 走出冰冻期 时间: 2018-11-3 09:34
感谢呀
作者: 电气功成狮 时间: 2018-11-3 09:40
感谢分享！
作者: ennnya 时间: 2018-11-3 14:11
比小心心
作者: Alexander_Shen 时间: 2018-11-3 15:38
感谢分享！
作者: 工藤大大 时间: 2018-11-3 21:34
感谢分享！
作者: UMTetsu 时间: 2018-11-4 01:32
真的非常感谢你们的无私奉献！
作者: 小陈冲鸭 时间: 2018-11-4 13:21
想问一下第12题到底是将画画方面的还是将医学方面的呀
构筑提到pigment 和 canvas 还有artists，但是考古却是激光手术？
作者: Lorrrrrie 时间: 2018-11-4 15:34
Mark一下！
作者: 小陈冲鸭 时间: 2018-11-4 16:35
第17题超新星的真的一头雾水
作者: lzc95232 时间: 2018-11-4 18:32
顶楼主！
作者: stella666777 时间: 2018-11-4 21:28
For decades, the Canadian geologist Martin Gibling has been intrigued by the tough-to-prove hypothesis that land plants created the shape of modern rivers hundreds of millions of years ago.
Plant roots reinforced the ground, the thinking goes, creating stable banks that funneled what once were wide, shallow water flows into narrower and deeper channels. By extension, that set the stage for lots of significant Earth history events, including the rise of human civilizations in modern river basins so many millennia later.
Now Gibling and postdoctoral scientist Neil Davies, both at Dalhousie University, have strengthened this case. When the pair compared a much-improved plant fossil record with evidence of how rivers changed very long ago, the transitions matched up.
”As soon as the plants got a foothold on land and rooted vegetation started, that changed the landscape. Basically plants engineered that landscape as they evolved,” says Davies. He and Gibling have published the findings in both Geology and Earth-Science Reviews.
几十年来，加拿大地质学家马丁·吉布林（Martin Gibling）沉迷于研究数十亿年前陆地植物形成现代河流的难以证实的假设
有思想认为，植物根系增强了地面，创造了稳定的河岸，这些河岸曾经是宽阔的，浅水流入更窄更深的河道。通过扩展，这为许多重大的地球历史事件奠定了基础，包括数千年后现代河流流域人类文明的兴起。
现在，Dalhousie大学的Gibling和博士后科学家Neil Davies强化证明了这个case。当两人将大大改善过的植物化石记录与很久以前河流如何变化的证据进行比较时，这些转变相互匹配。
“一旦植物在陆地上立足并开始植根植被，景观就会改变。戴维斯说，基本上植物在进化过程中设计了景观。他和Gibling在G和E中发表了这些发现。
Back in the Cambrian period, which ended some 500 million years ago, the geologic record indicates that rivers were very shallow but wide things, almost floods that allowed rainwater to wash from largely barren solid ground to sea. Deposits left behind were preserved as sheets of coarse grains, some of which suggest these rivers were 1,000 or more times as wide as they were deep.
”There is probably nowhere on Earth where rivers form the way they did before vegetation,” Gibling says.
回到大约5亿年前结束的寒武纪时期，地质记录显示河流是非常浅但是很宽阔的东西，几乎可以让雨水从大部分贫瘠的坚实地面冲刷到大海。尽管留下的沉积物被保存为粗粒？？？，其中一些表明这些河流的宽度是他们深度的1000倍或更多。
“在地球上可能没有什么地方，河流可以形成他们在植被覆盖之前的方式，”吉布林说。
But by the time of the Silurian-Devonian boundary, some 420 million years ago, the picture found in preserved sedimentary rock changes. The blankets of unconsolidated sediment found in earlier river deposits appear less frequently. It happens just as evidence of land vegetation with root systems also expands in the rock record.
In addition, more complex and diverse river remains emerge, including more traces of mud, probably due to the enhanced chemical weathering that plants assist; smaller-sized sand grains; and samples of organic remains. Significantly, shapes shift too.
Organized deposits become visible in the remains of highly sinuous, single-thread channels. Evidence of lateral accretion—the digging away of material at the outer bends of a river and the simultaneous deposition of material at the inner bends—is more abundant.
但到了大约4.2亿年前的志留纪 - 泥盆纪边界时，在保存的沉积岩中发现的图像发生了变化。在早期河流沉积物中发现的疏松沉积物的毯子???似乎不那么频繁。它发生的同时，根系统的土地植被的证据也在岩石记录中扩展。
此外，还会出现更复杂多样的河流，包括更多的泥浆痕迹，这可能是由于植物协助增强的化学风化;较小的砂粒;和有机残留物样本。重要的是，形状也发生了变化。
有组织的沉积物在高度蜿蜒的单线程通道中变得清晰可见。侧向增生的证据 - 在河流外弯处挖掘材料以及在内弯处同时沉积材料 - 更为丰富。
There is also variation that appears to be related to the local climate during the times that the rivers flowed. ”Before plants evolved, it didn’t matter if a river was in a polar region, a temperate region or an arid region, the rivers looked the same. Later you find differences,” says Davies, who devoted two and a half years to this project.
Edward Cotter, a geologist long on the faculty of Bucknell University, was among the people arguing 30 years ago that rivers went through a big transition during the same period that Gibling and Davies emphasize. He observed it in sedimentary rocks in the central Appalachian Mountains dating from 450 to 250 million years ago. But unlike Gibling and Davies, he had limited evidence with which to extrapolate globally from his observations.
在河流流淌的时期，似乎也存在与当地气候有关的变化。 “在植物进化之前，无论河流是在极地地区，温带地区还是干旱地区，河流看起来都是一样的。后来你发现了不同之处，“戴维斯说，他为这个项目投入了两年半的时间。
长期以来在巴克内尔大学（Bucknell University）教授的地质学家爱德华•科特（Edward Cotter）是30年前人们争论说，在吉布林和戴维斯强调的同一时期，河流经历了一次大转变。他在公元前4.5亿至2.5亿年前的阿巴拉契亚山脉中部的沉积岩中观察到它。但与Gibling和Davies不同，他拥有有限的可以从他的观察中进行全球推断的证据。
”They had a much richer database. They have a much healthier under- standing of how rivers run. They went around to different parts of the world and looked with their own eyes,” says Cotter, whose research Gibling and Da- vies cite in their publications.
Using funding from the Canadian government, Davies and Gibling reviewed 144 published reports describing river sediment preserved in the rock record, dating from the Cambrian to the Devonian, to build their case. They Visited 34 spots themselves in North America and Europe. And they scrutinized experimental results.
One laboratory finding that impressed Gibling was achieved at St. Anthony Falls Laboratory at the University of Minnesota. Working in a tank, researchers there described how vegetation—in this case alfalfa sprouts that were allowed to germinate on banks—transformed a channel that flowed between multiple sandbars into one that self-organized into a single-thread channel.
“他们有一个更丰富的数据库。他们对河流如何更加健康。他们走遍了世界的不同地方，亲眼目睹，“科特说，他的研究表明，吉布林和戴维斯在他们的出版物中引用了这些研究。
利用加拿大政府提供的资金，戴维斯和吉布林审查了144份报告，这些报告描述了从寒武纪到泥盆纪的岩石记录中保存的河流沉积物，以建立他们的案例。他们在北美和欧洲访问过34个景点。他们仔细检查了实验结果。
明尼苏达大学的圣安东尼Falls实验室取得的一个发现给Gibling留下深刻印象。在那里的研究人员中，研究人员描述了植被 - 在这种情况下，苜蓿芽是如何允许在河岸上发芽 - 将多个沙洲之间的通道转变成一个自组织成单线通道的通道。
”The strength of the roots of alfalfa was enough to completely change the whole pattern. That generated a meandering river with banks that migrate and are erosion resistant,” Gibling says.
Dov Corenblit, an associate professor at the University of Paris who describes himself as a biogeomorphologist, says Davies and Gibling have delivered more than just insight into the history of rivers. They have expanded evidence that the biotic and abiotic features of this planet influence one another.
Their findings ”may be considered significant progress in the comprehension of one of the most critical phases in the coupling between physical and biological processes on Earth,” Corenblit says.
The Dalhousie University geologists aren’t done. They want to explore whether any of the periodic mass extinctions experienced on Earth might have affected the shapes of rivers as well. They are scouring the literature for changes preserved from the end of the Permian, when a lot of plant life was wiped out.
”We’ll look to see if rivers reverted to the older form,” Davies says.
“紫花苜蓿根系的强度足以彻底改变整个模式。这产生了一条蜿蜒的河流，河岸迁移并且具有抗侵蚀性，“吉布林说。
巴黎大学副教授Dov Corenblit称自己是一名生物地貌学家，他说戴维斯和吉布林提供的不仅仅是洞察河流的历史。他们扩大了证据证明这个星球的生物和非生物特征相互影响。
他们的研究结果“可能被认为是在理解地球上物理和生物过程之间最重要阶段之一的重要进展，”Corenblit说。
达尔豪斯大学的地质学家还没有完成。他们想要探索地球上经历的任何周期性大规模物种灭绝是否也会影响河流的形状。他们正在搜寻文献，以了解二叠纪末期保存的变化，当时大量的植物生命被消灭。
戴维斯说：“我们将看看河流是否会恢复到旧形态。”
作者: felicity_syy 时间: 2018-11-4 22:13
感谢分享！
作者: LillianZhang10 时间: 2018-11-5 08:32
同想问laser（第12篇）感觉本月构筑说的是画画方面的 后面的考古说的都是手术之类的
作者: 槛外人 时间: 2018-11-5 09:01
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1331234-1-1.html
作者: LillianZhang10 时间: 2018-11-5 09:15
感谢感谢！！！
作者: 逗逗逗逗你玩 时间: 2018-11-5 13:29
感谢！！
作者: shuyingqingqian 时间: 2018-11-5 15:42
更新更新啊啊啊
作者: Alexander_Shen 时间: 2018-11-5 15:47
为啥还没有更新，求更新~
作者: 张馨馨 时间: 2018-11-5 16:41
楼主求更新！
明天考试现在不更新jj很慌，谢谢楼主
作者: Cytie 时间: 2018-11-5 17:10
阅读jj求更新哪~~~~~
作者: hah12123 时间: 2018-11-5 17:15
为啥还不更新啊我们就快要考试啦
作者: summertrifle 时间: 2018-11-5 17:46
求更新
作者: 黑白棋局 时间: 2018-11-5 17:50
求更新啊
作者: hah12123 时间: 2018-11-5 18:02
唉还不更新
作者: Winchesterkk 时间: 2018-11-5 18:20
求更新~~谢谢
作者: hah12123 时间: 2018-11-5 20:02
天呐真的好久都不更新了 求更
作者: 更努力的mo 时间: 2018-11-5 20:52
后天考试，静静等待
作者: 顿东w 时间: 2018-11-5 21:04
唉 这次我怕不是又要撞到裤头
作者: 张馨馨 时间: 2018-11-5 21:29
终于等到更新了！！！谢谢阅读菌
作者: 黑白棋局 时间: 2018-11-5 21:48
终于更了，感恩！
作者: Cytie 时间: 2018-11-5 22:11
明天考试 太感谢了！！！！！！！
作者: HooHaHooWill 时间: 2018-11-5 22:31
谢谢整理菌整理
作者: Winchesterkk 时间: 2018-11-5 22:35
谢谢更新~许愿明天好运
作者: xianxianxu 时间: 2018-11-6 07:09
十九的health care就是前面的nursing吧？
作者: fqwwwwwwwwww 时间: 2018-11-6 08:34
大神们能告诉我一下怎么看原文嘛
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-11-6 13:37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Toward a Reconciliation of Market Power and Information Theories of Advertising Effects on Price Elasticity
Anusree Mitra and John G. Lynch, Jr.
Journal of Consumer Research
Vol. 21, No. 4 (Mar., 1995), pp. 644-659
Published by: Oxford University Press
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2489722
Page Count: 16
作者: LANDY. 时间: 2018-11-6 16:36
阅读菌第12篇的考古好像错辽~
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-11-6 17:51
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg16021565-400-deep-secrets/
https://forum.chasedream.com/forum.php?mod=redirect&goto=findpost&ptid=1331377&pid=24330973&fromuid=1333346
作者: kokokovi 时间: 2018-11-6 18:06
请问目录的都是现在这个库的机经吗 第一次考 嘤嘤嘤
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-11-6 18:26
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12617184-700/
作者: Elizabethy 时间: 2018-11-6 21:55
请问考古的文章哪里找呢?
作者: sufehong 时间: 2018-11-6 22:21
感谢分享！
作者: huangjingyi 时间: 2018-11-7 00:46
今天还会更嘛
作者: 爱吃虾仁的小虾 时间: 2018-11-7 04:59
请问brand loyalty 那篇文章 risk chance 是应该选什么呢
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-11-7 08:23
From Airline Reservations to Sonic the Hedgehog : A History of the Software Industry
By Martin Campbell-Kelly
A business history of the software industry from the days of custom programming to the age of mass-market software and video games.
第24/390 页
Corporate Software Products
第一段讲到软件的一个发展。软件在1980还是1960年代得到了发展,然后讲具体怎么发展的....这段失忆了
第二段继续讲发展，一开始由于一些大的软件制造商已经向很多顾客提供免费的软件了，所以一些独立的软件制作商没有优势。（这里有出细节题）然后一些独立的软件制造商就开始创造商机，提供一些顾客意料不到的服务。（unanticipated）然后说这个时期一些成功的制造商基本都是走这个路子，这里举了一些例子。然后讲到他们开始采取一种unbundling的策略，开始将软件制造从传统的服务中独立出来，单独出售。
Two packaged programs, Applied Data Research’s Autoflow and Informatics’ Mark IV (announced in 1965 and 1967, respectively), are generally agreed to be, if not the first, certainly the most influential of the early software products. These products and a few others had already proved viable in the market in January 1970, when IBM implemented its “unbundling” decision. Previously, IBM had provided programs free of charge to customers on request, as had the other computer manufacturers. This made it difficult for software entrepreneurs to establish a market. Therefore, the software products that succeeded were ones that satisfied needs not yet anticipated by the computer manufacturers. Under antitrust pressure (perhaps assisted by an independent lawsuit from Applied Data Research), IBM decided to charge separately for software and other services. Unbundling had the effect of establishing a vibrant market for software products, which previously had been merely embryonic. It was a turning point for the industry.
第三段主要讲这些软件制造商在转型之后怎么进行销售和管理的。一开始人们认为软件制作和音乐制作很像（这里针对类比有出题，问为啥提到音乐），因为都是低成本的，但是后来人们逐渐认识到软件属于capital的一种，因此那些软件制造商们开始学习一些capital行业的管理模式和销售方式。然后具体下面就是怎么学习怎么管理的。
At first, because of the analogy between the low incremental costs of reproducing programs and recorded music, the software products business was likened to the recorded-music industry. This turned out to be an illusion. Because of their high marketing costs and the need for sales support, corporate software products were classic capital goods. Thus, the business model adopted by the software products firms, often quite consciously, was that of a producer of capital goods—and the firms often looked to computer manufacturers, particularly IBM, for role models. The critical capabilities that the firms developed were exploitation of scale, corporate marketing, quality assurance, and pre- and after-sale support. Exploitation of scale was the most important of these capabilities, because selling in volume was the only way to recover the high initial development costs of a generalized software product, which were much higher than for custom software. Because sales volume was so important, it was necessary to develop quota-based sales operations, typically on the IBM model, and for this reason firms often recruited former IBM salespeople. Software products, such as database programs or industrial applications, were usually “mission critical,” and for this reason product reliability was paramount. The software firms developed skills in quality assurance, using such techniques as beta testing to ensure that programs were ruggedly “productized” and reliable in use. Finally, as with all capital goods, pre- and after-sale support was needed to establish a long-term relationship with the customer. In the case of software products, this took the forms of product customization, user training, and regular upgrades. These services turned out to be unexpected sources of income for which the pioneers of the industry had not initially planned.
作者: 沙莎 时间: 2018-11-7 13:46
请问今晚会更吗 希望能早点更
作者: neverlandJoce 时间: 2018-11-7 14:49
求问 这个是8.8的库吗
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-11-7 15:43
https://hbr.org/1989/03/the-failed-revolution-in-health-care-the-role-of-management
Why Innovation in Health Care Is So Hard
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
The Failed Revolution in Health Care—The Role of Management
Regina E. Herzlinger
FROM THE MARCH–APRIL 1989 ISSUE
作者: 旁边的橘猫 时间: 2018-11-7 16:19
不是，只有几篇是重合的
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-11-7 17:30
有一篇新的：讲paper check
p1：electrical pay流行，但是paper check的使用还在increase
p2：在e pay流行时paper check被increase 使用不正常，主要有两个原因：market failure和另一个（不重要）
p3：有一个view认为是market failure的锅：讲了一堆check writer，check receiver，interest rate的关系
p4：p3这个iew有不合理的地方，e.g.
https://www.minneapolisfed.org/research/qr/qr2041.pdf
作者: CHENmi 时间: 2018-11-8 00:22
Mark一下
作者: Hailey0105 时间: 2018-11-8 11:58
Mark一下
作者: Enoteca 时间: 2018-11-8 16:03
好像第十二篇laser的本月原始和考古不同，本月是侧重油画艺术？考古是说应用在医学上的。
作者: irishe2018 时间: 2018-11-8 18:11
抱抱月度君，辛苦啦，求问今天还会更新吗？
作者: mianiu 时间: 2018-11-9 10:49
感谢分享！
作者: billyisfragile! 时间: 2018-11-9 22:01
The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time
by Karl Polanyi (Author)
第一段说十九世纪欧洲各国之间的经济往来和政治环境很稳定，并给出4个factors that contribute to the stability.这4个factor包括了政府因素, the international gold standard, a SRM(self-regulating market), and the liberal state。 但是后来就collapse了。
NINETEENTH CENTURY civilization has collapsed. This book is concerned with the political and economic origins of this event, as well as with the great transformation which it ushered in.
P1 Europe economic and political system又4个institutions组成：balanced-power system, international gold standard,self-regulated market（SRM）, liberty and right.
Nineteenth century civilization rested on four institutions. The first was the balance-of-power system which for a century prevented the occurrence of any long and devastating war between the Great Powers. The second was the international gold standard which symbolized a unique organization of world economy. The third was the self-regulating market which produced an unheard-of material welfare. The fourth was the liberal state. Classified in one way, two of these institutions were economic, two political. Classified in another way, two of them were national, two international. Between them they determined the characteristic outlines of the history of our civilization.
Of these institutions the gold standard proved crucial; its fall was the proximate cause of the catastrophe. By the time it failed most of the other institutions had been sacrificed in a vain effort to save it.
But the fount and matrix of the system was the self-regulating market. It was this innovation which gave rise to a specific civilization. The gold standard was merely an attempt to extend the domestic market system to the international field; the balance-of-power system was a superstructure erected upon and, partly, worked through the gold standard; the liberal state was itself a creation of the self-regulating market. The key to the institutional system of the nineteenth century lay in the laws governing market economy.
P3 但是srm会deprive humanity and turn the natural world into wild（记得是这样子的），所以社会会阻止srm的发展。（如果加上专业知识理解，我以为他的意思是市场经济是弱肉强食的，无情的，所以在当时的时间，会有力量阻止这种趋势的发生。基于这一点，后面好像有两道推断题我都选了市场经济的取非——政府干预。也不知道对不对）
Our thesis is that the idea of a self-adjusting market implied a stark Utopia. Such an institution could not exist for any length of time without annihilating the human and natural substance of society; it would have physically destroyed man and transformed his surroundings into a wilderness. Inevitably, society took measures to protect itself, but whatever measures it took impaired the self-regulation of the market, disorganized industrial life, and thus endangered society in yet another way. It was this dilemma which forced the development of the market system into a definite groove and finally disrupted the social organization based upon it.
作者: VickyBabyBaby 时间: 2018-11-10 18:47
support!
作者: kathy_mj 时间: 2018-11-10 23:16
考了chicken，但是即便我读了那么多次chicken的jj，我还是不会做题目呀，这次基本所有阅读题都是jj里面考到的，必须认真读
还考了爱尔兰女性，说爱尔兰女性在爱尔兰独立期间获得了更多的投票权，但是第二段又反驳说这个数据可能不靠谱
还考了一题关于品牌价值的，jj里面很全，就是说以前品牌很重要，可以帮助顾客降低搜索成本，一个有好品牌的公司，如果成功塑造了一个产品品牌定位，那么它生产的其他产品顾客也会很快能接受，但是现在由于技术发展，品牌变得不重要了，反而是价格更为重要，有经验的顾客，学会如何通过价格判断产品好坏，而不会再那么多地受到品牌影响
作者: dorepal 时间: 2018-11-11 14:55
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140318-polynesian-chickens-pacific-migration-america-science/ 这个文章的内容貌似和第一篇机经很像
作者: yuwei_20150212 时间: 2018-11-12 11:30
Mark一下！
作者: LillianZhang10 时间: 2018-11-13 09:25
感觉第46篇的考古好像不太对啊
作者: CarolTao9292 时间: 2019-3-10 23:10
我发现cd真是多神人……感觉gmat题库的坟都要被挖出来了
作者: EmilyRose 时间: 2019-3-11 11:19
Mark一下！
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