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标题: Ron神笔记 [打印本页]

作者: Arev_19 时间: 2018-11-2 04:03
标题: Ron神笔记
Ron神笔记

重要重要重要——MODIFIER and MEANING——高分必备考点

考点一：
细细品读下面两句话：

When you look closely at the house, it is on fire.
句意：
The house isn't on fire UNLESS you look closely at it.
**********NO! It's always ON FIRE!

When you look closely at him, the ant runs away.
句意：
The ant doesn't run away UNLESS you look closely at him.
**********YES! That makes sense.

考点一举例1：
(a) Though viewed from a distance, Saturn's main rings may appear to be smooth and continuous, they are in fact composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets when viewed up close.
when viewed up close: this modifier modifies "are in fact composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets..."
This modifier is modifying something in time. This is about 'when'.This does not make sense, because Saturn's main rings ARE ALWAYS COMPOSED OF THOUSANDS OF SEPARATE ICY RINGLETS.

(b) Though Saturn's main rings may appear smooth and continuous when viewed from a distance, they are in fact composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets when viewed up close.
Same as (a), does not make logical sense.

(c) Saturn's main rings, when viewed from a distance, may appear to be smooth and continuous, though when viewed up close they are in fact composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets.
The first part makes sense, 'when viewed from a distance' is modifying 'may appear to be smooth and continuous', which makes total sense.
The second part where 'when viewed up close' modifies 'are in fact composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets' does not make logical sense.

(d) When viewed from a distance, Saturn's main rings may appear smooth and continuous, but closer viewing reveals them to be composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets.
Same as (c), this makes total sense.

(e) Though composed of thousands of separate icy ringlets if viewed up close, the main rings of Saturn may appear smooth and continuous when they are viewed from a distance.
Same as (a) and (b), it does not make sense.

考点一举例2：

(a) Though now eaten in large quantities around the world and harmless, the tomato is a member of the generally toxic nightshade family, including belladonna, and was once thought to be poisonous itself as a result.
Modifier Not Parallel

(b) The tomato, though now eaten in large quantities around the world and harmless is a member of the generally toxic nightshade family, which includes belladonna, and it was therefore once thought to be poisonous itself.
Modifier Not Parallel

(c) Once thought to be poisonous itself, the tomato is harmless and now eaten in large quantities around the world, and is a member of the generally toxic nightshade family, including belladonna.
Modifier Not Parallel

(d) Though now eaten in large quantities around the world and known to be harmless, the tomato was once considered poisonous because it is a member of the generally toxic nightshade family, which includes belladonna.
Correct

(e) A member of the generally toxic nightshade family, including belladonna, the tomato was once considered poisonous even though it is harmless and now eaten in a large quantities around the world.
Modifier Not Parallel

考点一举例3：

Anxious about declining student test scores and frustrated by some teachers' lack of commitment to improving results, the Brookline school board implemented a mandatory after-school program that requires the teachers of underachieving students to be tutored in core academic subjects.

(a) the teachers of underachieving students to be tutored in core academic subjects
Who's tutored in (a)? Teachers

(b) the tutoring of teachers of underachieving students in core academic subjects
Who's tutored in (b)? Teachers

(c) teachers of tutor underachieving students in core academic subjects
Correct
'in core academic subjects' modifies tutor

(d) underachieving students be tutored in core academic subjects by their teachers
requires...be tutored, should be requires... TO be tutored

考点一举例4：

(a) Famed for his masterful use of irony, many of Guy de Maupassant's short stories have become classics due to the author slowly revealing at the end of each piece a tragic twist of fate.

wrong modification

(b) Many of Guy de Maupassant's short stories have become classics because of how he famously and masterfully uses irony, evident in the slow revelation of a tragic twist of fate at the end of each piece.
Wrong pronoun

(c) Famed for using irony in a masterful way, many of Guy de Maupassant's short stories have become classics because of the author slowly revealing a tragic twist of fate at the end of each piece.
wrong modification

(d) Many of Guy de Maupassant's short stories have become classics because of the author's famed and masterful use of irony, evidenced in the slow revelation of a tragic twist of fate at the end of each piece.
Correct

(e) Many of Guy de Maupassant's short stories have become classics because he slowly revealed a tragic twist of fate at the end of each piece, demonstrating his famed and masterful use of irony.
wrong pronoun

考点一举例5：

In contrast to vertically integrated companies that control every step or the supply chain for a limited product line, producing and marketing one product in a variety of ways enables horizontally integrated companies to increase market coverage and control a larger segment of the industry.

Comparison / Parallel: "In contrast to" and "comma" - parallel markers
(a), (b), (c) Not Correct!!!

(a) producing and marketing one product in a variety of ways enables horizontally integrated companies to increase market coverage and control

(b) producing and marketing one product in a variety of ways enables horizontally integrated companies to increase market coverage, controlling

(c) the producing and marketing of one product in a variety of ways enables horizontally integrated companies to increase market coverage, controlling

(d) horizontally integrated companies, by producing and marketing one product in a variety of ways, are able to increase market coverage and control
Correct

(e) horizontally integrated companies, by producing and marketing one product in a variety of ways, are able to increase market coverage and controlled
"are able to increase" and "controlled" Not Parallel

——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

答题方法举例

Retailers reported moderate gains in their November sales, as much because of their sales of a year earlier being so bad as that shoppers were getting a head start on buying their holiday gifts.

(A) of their sales of a year earlier being so bad as that
(B) of their sales a year earlier having been as bad as because
(C) of their sales a year earlier being as bad as because
(D) their sales a year earlier had been so bad as because
(E) their sales of a year earlier were as bad as that

第一步：先看句子意思
第二步：看到关键词as much because
第三步：寻找as much because...as because的选项，划去A和E
第四步：确定区别是事态，sales a year earlier
第五步：their sales a year earlier had been...as because...选D

作者: Arev_19 时间: 2018-11-4 10:04
Miscellaneous：

IDIOMS：
because of diminishing vs. because it dimishes
capability of dealing vs. capability of the respiratory system in dealing vs. capability of ... to deal vs. ability to deal
especially vs. specially
ESPECIALLY: "to an unusually high degree" or "more so than comparable things"

GMAT will usually TOLERATE PRONOUN AMBIGUITY if:
(1) the CONTEXT IS OBVIOUS
(2) the pronoun is PARALLEL to the INTENDED NOUN
(3) the pronoun is NOT PARALLEL to the OTHER NOUN(S)

If you see a SPLIT INVOLVING SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS, you should take a look at subject-verb agreement.

举例 1:
Sulfur dioxide, a major contributor to acid rain, is an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system's ability to deal with all other pollutants.

(a) an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system's ability to deal
Pronoun: "it" is ambiguous but "pronoun ambiguity" is NOT an absolute rule.
especially is correct
ability to deal is correct

(b) an especially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system's capability of dealing
especially is correct
because of diminishing is INCORRECT
capability of dealing is OK?

(c) an especially serious pollutant because it dimishes the capability of the respiratory system in dealingPronoun: "it" is ambiguous but "pronoun ambiguity" is NOT an absolute rule.

especially is correct

capability...in dealing is OK?

(d) a specially serious pollutant because it diminishes the capability of the respiratory system to dealPronoun: "it" is ambiguous but "pronoun ambiguity" is NOT an absolute rule.

specially is not correct

(e) a specially serious pollutant because of diminishing the respiratory system's ability to deal
specially is not correct

举例2：

The period when the great painted caves at Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by Upper Paleolithic people has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are the reason for their decoration, the use to which primitive people put the caves, and the meaning of the magnificently depicted animals.

(a) has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are
(b) has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is

(c) have been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is

(d) have been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine are

(e) are established by carbon-14 dating, but that which is much more difficult to determine is

作者: 几许VV 时间: 2018-11-4 14:33
好帖mark！

作者: neverland333 时间: 2018-11-4 15:51
Mark一下！

作者: sharon0119 时间: 2019-7-28 15:09
感谢分享！

作者: 禾禾几 时间: 2019-9-4 13:51
感谢分享！

作者: 塔塔Carol 时间: 2019-9-23 15:04
感谢分享！

作者: AMBER513 时间: 2019-9-26 21:49
感谢分享！

作者: CynthiaWww 时间: 2021-1-28 21:35
Mark一下！

作者: gmat750Sophia 时间: 2021-1-28 22:32
6666感谢分享！

作者: Izzieezi 时间: 2021-9-30 12:46
感谢分享~

作者: 谁是谁的小宝贝 时间: 2021-10-29 16:11
Mark一下！

作者: 谁是谁的小宝贝 时间: 2021-10-30 00:37
sc笔记很厉害啊

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