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标题: 怎么判断句子的intended meaning呀…… [打印本页]

作者: 盐焗板鸭 时间: 2018-9-9 11:33
标题: 怎么判断句子的intended meaning呀……
在Ron的课里还有一些参考书里经常看到说要先判断句子的intended meaning，应该怎么判断呀……看到5 strategy the GMAC use to change meaning这本书里好像每次都默认A选项的意思就是intended meaning，真的是这样吗？不是说五个选项是完全随机的吗？那遇到三个选项是一个意思，其他两个选项是另一个意思的时候，哪个才是正确的句意呢？毕竟有的时候选项没有语法错误，只是句意改变了intended meaning所以是错误的…
感觉很困惑?

作者: kluivert 时间: 2018-9-9 14:35
这点不是母语的确太吃亏了

选项的意思一定要忠于原话，也就是A选项

只有在原话A有严重逻辑问题的情况下才会更改句子意思

我专门帮你找了个例子

Defense attorneys have occasionally argued that their clients’ misconduct stemmed from a reaction to something ingested, but in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy, the perpetrators are in effect told that they are not responsible for their actions.

(A) in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy

(B) if criminal or delinquent behavior is attributed to an allergy to some food

(C) in attributing behavior that is criminal or delinquent to an allergy to some food

(D) if some food allergy is attributed as the cause of criminal or delinquent behavior

(E) in attributing a food allergy as the cause of criminal or delinquent behavior

A 中的 in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy是来修饰perpetrators
a的意思是 perpetrators 归咎犯罪或违法行为于对食物的过敏 ...而这句话的主句在说 Defense attorneys have occasionally argued 原告律师在申辩...所以逻辑上对不上了

正确句子B

Defense attorneys have occasionally argued that their clients’ misconduct stemmed from a reaction to something ingested, but if criminal or delinquent behavior is attributed to an allergy to some food
, the perpetrators are in effect told that they are not responsible for their actions.

如果criminal or delinquent behavior是归咎于食物过敏，违法者就会被告知他们不需要为自己的行为负责
简而言：如果食物过敏是criminal or delinquent behavior诱因，违法者就不需要为自己的行为负责
的确是太难判断了...我错的题目基本都是无法准确判断出meaning

基本都是700+的题目

作者: Lostria 时间: 2018-9-9 18:00

kluivert 发表于 2018-9-9 14:35
这点不是母语的确太吃亏了

选项的意思一定要忠于原话，也就是A选项

同意！

作者: cheer115 时间: 2018-9-10 02:11

kluivert 发表于 2018-9-9 14:35
这点不是母语的确太吃亏了

选项的意思一定要忠于原话，也就是A选项

我觉得你的问题可能是没有注意没有划线的部分。

这句话在“but”断开，but后的句子是一体的。

A选项 “....， but in attributing ...., the XXX are in fact told....”，这个句子里主语是XX，就成了“XX在把...归咎于...的过程中，XXX被告知...“

这里的问题你读出来了吗？

SC所说的“语意”，其实就是看“搭配是否合理”和“有没有歧义”（也就是“表达是否清楚”）

上面的例子就是“搭配不合理”而造成没有逻辑的。

你觉得原文没有问题，可能是单看“in attributing ...”这一句，但是忽略了它的主语什么。

不知我的判断是否正确。欢迎指教！

作者: kluivert 时间: 2018-9-10 04:02

cheer115 发表于 2018-9-10 02:11
我觉得你的问题可能是没有注意没有划线的部分。

这句话在“but”断开，but后的句子是一体的。

Lol 我说原文有问题正确句子明显改写了原句句意

作者: cheer115 时间: 2018-9-10 06:47

kluivert 发表于 2018-9-10 04:02
Lol 我说原文有问题正确句子明显改写了原句句意

其实我没有懂你的意思。
这里正是因为“原文有问题”，所以才要改写，不是吗？

作者: kluivert 时间: 2018-9-10 07:09
我举的例子就是原文有逻辑问题，需要被改写的情况。大部分情况，都是要忠于原文的意思，不可以随便改变句意
我还没开始系统做题，没啥例子，呵呵。我专门在网上帮楼主搜的例子。
700+的题目就是逻辑看出intended meaning就几乎不会错，关键是把握不住啊，有时modifier 到处乱飞，再加几个不懂得名词，怎么能理解啊

名次之间是平行？附属？修饰关系？尤其是有关抽象名词的.. 逻辑关系理不清

作者: cheer115 时间: 2018-9-10 07:50

kluivert 发表于 2018-9-10 07:09
我举的例子就是原文有逻辑问题，需要被改写的情况。大部分情况，都是要忠于原文的意思，不可以随便改变句意 ...

楼主你是时差党吗？！

这道题目出题人想迷惑做题的人，让做题的人觉得“attribute XX to“是顺着第一句的主语”attorney“下来的。

GMAC的考点就是那么几个，你多做一些题加上总结和反思，就会对语意和搭配很敏感的。加油！

作者: kluivert 时间: 2018-9-10 07:56
gmatclub上的 ....大家可以参考下...例句都算不上难的...只是给大家个概念,,,遇到复杂的句子俺的确的被蹂躏了
Before we start discussing whether grammar is more important in parallelism or logic, lets look at the following sentence.

A. John prepared for impending currency crisis, storing enough food and water for future and posting his pictures online.
B. John prepared for impending currency crisis, storing enough food and water for future and posted his pictures online.

Which choice do you think is correct – A or B. Which of them is grammatically parallel? Both A and B look to be grammatically parallel, however only B makes logical sense. How do we say that?

When you look at the meaning of the sentence, you will notice that structurally “storing enough food and water” and “posting his pictures online” represent “how” John prepared for the impending currency crisis. However, logically “posting his pictures online” has nothing to do with how John prepared for the impending currency crisis.

On the other hand, choice B is structurally different where the sentence is so written such that “posted his pictures online” is a separate activity from preparing from “preparing for impending currency crisis”, thus making the entire sentence logical.

TAKE AWAY: PARALLELISM - GO BY LOGIC

Every time we get to a problem pertaining to parallelism, instinctively we check the grammatical structure of the entities to make the list parallel. Now, the entities must have same grammatical structure to make the list parallel, alright. What we must keep in mind is that the grammatically parallel entities in the list must convey the LOGICAL INTENDED meaning of the sentence. If the grammatically parallel entities make the sentence illogical, then the list is not considered parallel.

HOW TO GET TO THE LOGIC

So, now we know that when we get to solve a parallelism problem, we must first understand the logical meaning of the sentence, and accordingly make the entities grammatically parallel to convey that meaning. A grammatically correct parallel list will still be incorrect if it does not convey logical meaning.

There are two essential things that can lead us to the logical meaning of a sentence:

1. Understand the context of the sentence: It is very important to spend some time with the original sentence, analyzing it to decipher the logical intended meaning. The original sentence always sets the context for the logical meaning. Even if any enetity in the list conveys illogical meaning, that is a clear hint that we must correct that entity first for logical parallelism and then make it grammatically parallel with other logical entities in the list.

2. Pay close attention to sentence structure: Knowledge of sentence structure helps in determining the correct role of the entities in the list so that they can convey logical sense. This knowledge also helps in choosing appropriate grammatical structure of the entities to keep them grammatically parallel.

GUIDED PRACTICE

We have changed a few words in some of the official questions and the answer choices so that our discussion on the topic later in the article is more pertinent to parallelism without the fear of getting digressed to other conceptual errors. Try these questions before viewing the explanations.

GUIDED EXAMPLE 1

John prepared for Hurricane Sandy in advance, storing enough food and water, purchased flashlights and candles for possible power outages, and charging his cellphone to reach out to authorities in case of emergency.
A. storing enough food and water, purchased flashlights and candles for possible power outages, and charging
B. storing enough food and water, purchased flashlights and candles for possible power outages, had charged
C. storing enough food and water, purchasing flashlights and candles for possible power outages, and charging
D. stored enough food and water, purchased flashlights and candles for possible power outages, and charged
E. stored enough food and water, and purchased flashlights and candles for possible power outages, being charged

MEANING ANAYSIS:

It is very essential to understand the meaning of the sentence. The sentence says that John prepared himself for Hurricane Sandy. Following is the list of things he did for his preparation:
A. He stored enough food and water,
B. He purchased flashlights and candles to handle power crisis, and
C. He charged his cellphone for emergency use.

ERROR ANALYSIS: (Related only to Parallelism)

There is a list of things that John did to prepare himself for Hurricane Sandy. The verb-ing modifier "storing..." correctly modifies the preceding clause, giving additional information as to what all John did in his preparation. Since there is list of things John did, the entities in this list must be parallel. However, "purchased..." is not parallel to "storing..." and "charging..."

PoE:
Since we are talking about the logical and grammatical parallelism in this article, let us take a look at those answer choices that stand incorrect despite being grammatically parallel. Here, we will also analyze the correct answer choice to reinforce the importance of Logic in parallelism.

GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT BUT LOGICALLY INCORRECT CHOICE D: stored enough food and water, purchased flashlights and candles for possible power outages, and charged: This choice is grammatically sound because all the entities in this choice are grammatically parallel. Notice that "stored...", "purchased...", and "charged..." are now parallel to "prepared" as well. However, despite being grammatically parallel, this choice is incorrect because the meaning conveyed by this choice is ILLOGICAL.

Per this choice, the entities in the list do no present information as to HOW John prepared for Sandy. These entities are now independent entities and the choice now conveys that John performed all these four actions independent of each other. This is not the intended meaning of the sentence.

CORRECT CHOICE C: storing enough food and water, purchasing flashlights and candles for possible power outages, and charging: This choice is CORRECT because it is not only grammatically parallel but also logically parallel. The three verb-ing modifiers in the correctly modifies the preceding clause, presenting information about the modified clause.

GUIDED EXAMPLE 2

Among lower paid workers union members are less likely than non-union members to be enrolled in lower end insurance plans imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients and spend less time with each. (GMAT Prep)

A. imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients, and spend
B. imposing stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients, and spending
C. that impose stricter limits on medical services, require doctors to see more patients, and spend
D. that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending
E. that impose stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients and spending

MEANING ANALYSIS:

Lower end insurance plans do two things:
A. impose strict limits on medical services, and
B. require doctors to see more patients.

As a result of seeing more patients, the doctors will spend less time with each patient.

ERROR ANALYSIS: (Related only to Parallelism)

Verb-ing modifiers “imposing…” and “requiring…” correctly modifies “low end insurance plans”. They are grammatically parallel too. However, “and spend time…” is not correctly written. This entity is not the part of the list but the result of the last entity in the list. Hence, it must be written correctly.

PoE:

Since we are talking about the logical and grammatical parallelism in this article, let us discuss only those answer choices that pertain to the topic of this article.

GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT BUT LOGICALLY INCORRECT CHOICE B: imposing stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients, and spending: Per this grammatically correct choice, the “low end insurance policies” do three things. This certainly does not make sense because the policies do not spend less time with each (patient).

GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT BUT LOGICALLY INCORRECT CHOICE C: that impose stricter limits on medical services, require doctors to see more patients, and spend: This choice is similar to choice B: It again conveys the same illogical meaning by making all the three entities grammatically parallel to each other.

GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT BUT LOGICALLY INCORRECT CHOICE E: that impose stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients and spending: This choice is also grammatically correct. The verb-ing modifiers “requiring…”and “spending…” preceded by comma modifies the preceding clause. This modification conveys absolutely illogical meaning. It now says that the result of imposing stricter limits are that the doctors will have to see more patients and the policies will spend less time with each patient.

CORRECT CHOICE D: that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending: This choice corrects the list by making “impose…” and “require…” grammatically parallel to each other. Verb-ing modifier “spending” preceded by comma correctly presents the result of the preceding action, correctly conveying the result of doctors seeing more patients

TAKEAWAYS

1. It is not enough for the entities in the list just to be grammatically parallel. The grammatically correct entities must convey LOGICAL meaning.
2. Grammatically parallel list will stand incorrect if it communicates illogical meaning.
3. Logic governs the grammatical structure of the entities in the parallel list.

EXERCISE QUESTIONS

We have changed a few words in some of the official questions and the answer choices so that our discussion on the topic later in the article is more pertinent to parallelism without the fear of getting digressed to other conceptual errors. Try these questions

Question 1

Since digital recording offers essentially perfect reproduction - on compact discs, digital audiotapes, or digital videodiscs - audiophiles can accumulate music, transferring them from one format to another, copying it, and digitally altering it with little effort and not damaging the sound quality. (GMAT Prep)

A. music, transferring them from one format to another, copying it, and digitally altering it with little effort and not damaging
B. music, transferring it from one format to another, copying it, and digitally altering it with little effort and no damage to
C. music, transfer it from one format to another, copy it, and digitally alter it with little effort and no damage to
D. music and transfer it from one format to another, copy it, and then digitally altering it with little effort and not damaging
E. music and transfer it from one format to another, copying it, and digitally alter it with little effort and no damage to

Question 2

As the etched lines on computer memory chips have become thinner and the chips’ circuits more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive have vastly increased. (GMAT Prep)

A. the chips’ circuits more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive have
B. the chips’ circuits more complex, the power of both the chips and the electronic devices they drive has
C. the chips’ circuits are more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive has
D. their circuits are more complex, the power of both the chips and the electronic devices they drive have
E. their circuits more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive have

作者: cheer115 时间: 2018-9-10 08:13
5个选项不是随机的，划线部分才是原文，所以，意思要看A选项。

举个例子:

The largest trade-book publisher in the United States has announced the creation of a new digital imprint division, under which it will publish about 20 purely digital works to be sold online as either electronic books ordownloadable copies that can be printed upon purchase.

A
works to be sold online as either electronic books or

B
works to sell them online, either as electronic books or

C
works and it will sell them online as either electronic books or as

D
works, and selling them online as either electronic books or as

E
works, and it will sell them online either as electronic books or
这句的原文是“books to be sold“，用被动的时态，不知道”who will sell“。C、D、E的sell的主语都是“the largest ...publiser“就改变了原来的句意。

总之，A选项是看句意的，如果A真的make no sense，再改写。（如所有教辅所说

）

作者: 盐焗板鸭 时间: 2018-9-10 19:00
谢谢大家！！大家好热情啊哈哈哈

作者: 盐焗板鸭 时间: 2018-9-10 19:07

cheer115 发表于 2018-9-10 08:13
5个选项不是随机的，划线部分才是原文，所以，意思要看A选项。

举个例子:

对，这道题真的超经典

作者: kluivert 时间: 2018-9-11 04:33

cheer115 发表于 2018-9-10 08:13
5个选项不是随机的，划线部分才是原文，所以，意思要看A选项。

举个例子:

这种句子很容易判断出逻辑关系的...复杂的句子根本无从下手...

作者: cheer115 时间: 2018-9-11 07:18

kluivert 发表于 2018-9-11 04:33
这种句子很容易判断出逻辑关系的...复杂的句子根本无从下手...

此例子是为了回答楼主的疑问”5个选项的意思是不是随机的“

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