牛牛们，快救救freegirl！不知道为什么逻辑作了一大筐（不下1000）， 却不见长，反而降！以前曾有ELAST25题错个5-6， 现在倒好，平均错9-12！！！要郁闷而死了！是不是我走火入魔了！Anyone has been in the same boat? 希望牛牛们能从我的问题里pinpoint my weakness!
elast-11-IV-1 Questions 1-2
A physician who is too through in conducting a medical checkup is likely to subject the patient to the discomfort and expense of unnecessary tests. One who is not thorough enough is likely to miss some serious problem and therefore give the patient a false sense of security. It is difficult for physicians to judge exactly how thorough they should be. Therefore, it is generally unwise for patients to have medical checkups when they do not feel ill.
1. Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument in the passage?
(A) Some serious diseases in their early stages have symptoms that physicians can readily detect.
(B) Under the pressure of reduced reimbursements, physicians have been reducing the average amount of time they spend on each medical checkup.
(C) Patients not medically trained are unable to judge foe themselves what degree of thoroughness is appropriate for physicians in conducting medical checkups.
(D) Many people are financially unable to afford regular medical checkups.
(E) Some physicians sometimes exercise exactly the right degree of thoroughness in performing a medical checkup.
Answer: A, my choice E
elast-11-IV-7
Question7-8
X: Since many chemicals useful for agriculture and medicine derive from rare or endangered plant species, it is likely that many plant species that are now extinct could have provide us with substances that would have been a boon to humanity. Therefore, if we want to ensure that chemicals from plants are available for use in the future, we must make more serious efforts to preserve for all time our natural resource.
Y: But living things are not our “resources.” Yours is a selfish approach to conservation. We should rather strive to preserve living species because they deserve to survive, not because of the good they can do us.
7. Which one of the following is an issue about which X and Y disagree?
(A) whether the benefits humans derive from exploring non-human species provides a good reason for preserving non-human species.
(B) Whether the cost of preserving plant species outweighs that could otherwise be derived from those species.
(C) Whether it is prudent to conserve natural resources
(D) Whether humans should make efforts to prevent the extinction of living species.
(E) Whether all non-human species are equally valuable as natural resources.
Answer: a ; mine: b
elast -11-IV-10
10. Decision makers tend to have distinctive styles. One such style is for the decision maker to seek the widest possible input from advisers and to explore alternatives while making up his or her mind. In fact, decision makers of this sort will often argue vigorously for a particular idea, emphasizing its strong points and downplaying its weaknesses, not because they actually believe in the idea but because they want to see if their real reservations about it are idiosyncratic or are held independently by their advisers.
Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statement above?
(A) If certain decision makers’ statements are quoted accurately and at length; the content of the quote could nonetheless be greatly at variance with the decision eventually make.
(B) Certain decision makers do not know which ideas they do not really believe in until after they have presented a variety of ideas to their advisers
(C) If certain decision makers dismiss an idea out of hand, it must be because its weaknesses are more pronounced than any strong points it may have.
(D) Certain decision makers proceed in a way that makes it likely that they will frequently decide in favor of ideas in which they do not believe.
(E) If certain decision makers’ advisers know the actual beliefs of those they advise, those advisers will give better advice than they would if they did not know those beliefs.
Ans: a （文中也没有提到阿）; mine e
elast-11-IV-23 23. Throughout European history famines have generally been followed by period of rising wages, because when a labor force is diminished, workers are more valuable in accordance with the law of supply and demand. The Irish potato famine of the 1840s is an exception; it resulted in the death or emigration of half of Ireland’s population, but there was no significant rise in the average wages in Ireland in the following decade.
Which one of the following, if true, would LEAST contribute to an explanation of the exception to the generalization?
(A) Improved medical care reduced the mortality rate among able-bodied adults in the decade following the famine to below prefamine levels.
(B) Eviction policies of the landowners in Ireland were designed to force emigration of the elderly and infirm, who could not work, and to retain a high percentage of able-bodied workers.
(C) Advances in technology increased the efficiency of industry and agriculture, and so allowed maintenance of economic output with less demand for labor.
(D) The birth rate increased during the decade following the famine, and this compensated for much of the loss of population that was due to the famine.
(E) England, which had political control of Ireland, legislated artificially low wages to provide English-owned industry and agriculture in Ireland with cheap labor.
Ans: d; mine b (重复原文，未作任何解释，无关？）
elast-13-I-24 24. Until recently it was thought that ink used before the sixteenth century did not contain titanium. However, a new type of analysis detected titanium in the ink of the famous Bible printed by Johannes Gutenberg and in that of another fifteenth-century Bible known as B-36, though not in the ink of any of numerous other fifteenth-century books analyzed. This finding is of great significance, since it not only strongly supports the hypothesis that B-36 was printed by Gutenberg but also shows that the presence of titanium in the ink of the purportedly fifteenth century Vinland Map can no longer be regarded as a reason for doubting the map’s authenticity.
The reasoning in the passage is vulnerable to criticism on the ground that
(A) the results of the analysis are interpreted as indicating that the use of titanium as an ingredient in fifteenth-century ink both was, and was not, extremely restricted
(B) if the technology that makes it possible to detect titanium in printing ink has only recently become available, it is unlikely that printers ore artists in the fifteenth century would know whether their ink contained titanium or not
(C) it is unreasonable to suppose that determination of the date and location of a document’s printing or drawing can be made solely on the basis of the presence or absence of a single element in the ink used in the document.
(D) both the B-36 Bible and the Binland Map are objects that can be appreciated on their own merits whether or not the precise date of their creation or the identity of the person who made them is known.
(E) the discovery of titanium in the ink of the Vinland Map must have occurred before titanium was discovered in the ink of the Gutenberg Bible and the B-36 Bible .
Ans: a (不太理解意思）; mine c
elast-13-I-25 25. All actors are exuberant people and all exuberant people are extroverts, but nevertheless it is true that some shy people are actors.
If the statements above are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT:
(A) Some shy people are extroverts.
(B) Some shy extroverts are not actors.
(C) Some exuberant people who are actors are shy.
(D) All people who are not extroverts are not actors.
(E) Some extroverts are shy.
Ans: b (extroverts> exubrant>actors, b is possible true); mine d (in fact, I think all could be true)
仔细拜读了mindfree's post: look for the logic chain by actively reading (good point) ; not skip any key word. I'm wondering how to keep in pace while not to skip words. Please share more. Right now, I finish a set of 25 Qs within 40-45 mins. I can't extend the time longer, can I ?作者: merlion 时间: 2003-8-30 15:15
11-4-1 too thorough, … not thorough, …-> unwise for patients to have medical checkups 在（E）的条件下，也不能排除一些太彻底和不彻底的情况， 不反对结论。（A）情况下， 病人去做检查对自己有利， 反对结论。
11-4-10 Decision makers seek widest possible, explore alternatives, not because they actually believe in the idea. 决策人关注某些决策，但不一定会采用。
11-4-23 Famines-> labor force diminished ->rising wages (d)是说，生的多， 补偿减少的人口。不满足 labor force diminished ->rising wages
我不是牛人，帮不了什么。 解题思路还是看mindfree或其他人的帖子吧。作者: 心静 时间: 2003-8-30 16:32
7) 两者结论相同“需要保护natural resource”，但原因不同，A认为原因是“the benefits humans ”，而B认为“because they deserve to survive, not because of the good they can do us”（也就是说B反对A的原因） 所以，选A，而B选项是个无关信息，因为文中没提到“COST“
11-4-10 decision makers seek widest possible, explore alternatives, not because they actually believe in the idea. 决策人关注某些决策，但不一定会采用。
请解释一下答案A. 似乎文中未提到啊？
11-4-23 famines-> labor force diminished ->rising wages (d)是说，生的多， 补偿减少的人口。不满足 labor force diminished ->rising wages B 是不是解释了the reason of labor force not diminished ?
--> 心静 25）从文中可推出“all actors are extroverts”，相当actors是extroverts的子集，所以不能选D
how about B? Since Actors is extroverts subset, "(b) some shy extroverts are not actors" could be right? But the answer chose B as an exception. 作者: 心静 时间: 2003-8-30 22:07
25）我的意思就是D-true, B-except，B不能确定， 因为shy extroverts 可能与 shy actorss重合，也可能比shy actorss范围大。---不知说清楚没有
11-4-23 B 是不是解释了the reason of labor force not diminished ? B没提death的，不能说 labor force not diminished。（原文：death or emigration of half of ireland’s population）
作者: freegirl 时间: 2003-8-31 12:41
清楚了！还有一题：
elast-13-i-24 24. until recently it was thought that ink used before the sixteenth century did not contain titanium. however, a new type of analysis detected titanium in the ink of the famous bible printed by johannes gutenberg and in that of another fifteenth-century bible known as b-36, though not in the ink of any of numerous other fifteenth-century books analyzed. this finding is of great significance, since it not only strongly supports the hypothesis that b-36 was printed by gutenberg but also shows that the presence of titanium in the ink of the purportedly fifteenth century vinland map can no longer be regarded as a reason for doubting the map’s authenticity.
the reasoning in the passage is vulnerable to criticism on the ground that
(a) the results of the analysis are interpreted as indicating that the use of titanium as an ingredient in fifteenth-century ink both was, and was not, extremely restricted
(b) if the technology that makes it possible to detect titanium in printing ink has only recently become available, it is unlikely that printers ore artists in the fifteenth century would know whether their ink contained titanium or not
(c) it is unreasonable to suppose that determination of the date and location of a document’s printing or drawing can be made solely on the basis of the presence or absence of a single element in the ink used in the document.
(d) both the b-36 bible and the binland map are objects that can be appreciated on their own merits whether or not the precise date of their creation or the identity of the person who made them is known.
(e) the discovery of titanium in the ink of the vinland map must have occurred before titanium was discovered in the ink of the gutenberg bible and the b-36 bible .
ans: a (不太理解意思）; mine c
作者: merlion 时间: 2003-8-31 13:11
怕误导你，所以开始没答。 我也作错了。后来想了想，A对，但无法否定C。C好象是把原题全否了。能不能这样理解A，（不是很肯定）：JG的BIBLE里有INK->B-36是JG的（RESTRICT THE INK TO JG），MAP有INK->15CENTURY（NOT RESTRICT THE INK TO JG，BUT TO 15 CEN）。 我不敢肯定。 谁有好的见解？
