Just bought OG version 11, its SC-62 is exactly the same as 刘振民 E4-27, 大全-2 and 大全 section 14-19. However the answer in OG 11 is a surprising (D). Both 大全 and 刘振民 give (A) as the answers. I am quoting the reason here from OG 11 "since the dumping continues into the present, the past perfect verb 'had been allowed' should instead be the present 'are allowed'". Since this has been a rather no controversial question, I am posting it here for reference.
1. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities
如果ＯＧ上说是Ｄ，那就应该是Ｄ。
本来这题我就一直怀疑。因为没有信息提示had been这样的过去完成式。
当然，这题的关键是要表达：
１）１９７２只是限定agreement的，对agreement的内容只有没有直接作用（规定的生效时间才是内容的时态）；
２）在表达fact情况下，从句时态独立，不首主句影响。
我相信ＥＴＳ在这道题上自己也有争议：
"since the dumping continues into the present, the past perfect verb 'had been allowed' should instead be the present 'are allowed'". 谁说the dumping contimues into the present?只有假定Ｄ对，才能得出该假设吧（作为常识恐怕不能被接受）
如果说Ａ对，我们也可以说"since the dumping did not continue into the present, the present verb 'are allowed' should instead be the past perfect 'had been allowed'".
我觉得这题的正确选项应该是A，而不是OG11给出的参考答案D。
有些帖子中有人提到本题不能用过去完成时，理由是“如果是过去完成时，就是指在那时已经排放完了的（在过去明确时间点之前完成的事才能用过去完成时），已经排放完的东东怎么还会去限制呢？”。其实这里搞错了一个对象，进行时态变化的是动词allow，而不是dump！这才是本题的关键！
也就是说：1972年之前，允许了一个倾倒量；那么在1972年协议达成之后，减少了这个允许的倾倒量，“减少”发生在过去（1972），用reduced毫无疑问，那么allow用什么时态呢？当然应该用过去完成时了，因为允许（allow）这个动作发生在1972年之前。
而且dump这个动作是否延续到现在从原文无从得知，也没有必要去了解。我们关心的重点应该放在动词allow上。而且很明显，1972年前有一个allow的动作，1972年协议达成之后，也有一个allow的动作。
OG11说选D的唯一理由就是“Since the dumping continues into the present...”。但是哪里能够得出这一结论呢？这显然是无中生有。让我们作一个假设：如果2000年又达成了一个协议，两国全面禁止phosphate的排放，然后从那以后再没有谁dump phosphates了，甚至我们可以再假设绝对一点，2000年以后phosphate在地球上已经不存在了（就像恐龙现在已经不存在了一样），还能说dump一直延续到了现在的2006年吗？！
所以这题的正确答案应该是A！OG11的解释是错误和不可接受的。
欢迎大家讨论！
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