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标题: 关于独立结构的一些问题求NN解答！ [打印本页]

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-11-30 10:10
标题: 关于独立结构的一些问题求NN解答！

With the patience of its customers and with its network strained to the breaking point, the on-line service company announced a series of new initiatives trying to relieve the congestion that has led to at least four class-action lawsuits and thousands of complaints from frustrated customers.

A

the patience of its customers and with its network strained to the breaking point, the on-line service company announced a series of new initiatives trying to relieve
B

the patience of its customers and its network strained to the breaking point,the on-line service company announced a series of new initiatives that try to relieve
C

its network and the patience of its customers strained to the breaking point, the on-line service company announced a series of new initiatives to try to relieve
D

its network and with the patience of its customers strained to the breaking point, the on-line service company announced a series of initiatives to try relieving
E

its network and its customers' patience strained to the breaking point, the on-line service company announced a series of new initiatives to try relieving
The correct answer is C
这里问题是，是不是同一个with后并列的两个成分最后跟的无逗号分词短语两个词都修饰？即
With the A and B strained to the breaking point, here “strained to the breaking point” modifies both A and B?
如果说后面是现在分词短语呢？也是这样吗？比如
With the his gun and knife lying on the floor, he bent down. Does it mean that both the gun and the knife are on the floor or the knife is on the floor while the gun in hand

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-11-30 10:19
独立结构究竟什么时候可以用呢？
Before 1988, insurance companies in California were free to charge whatever rates the market would bear, needing no approval from regulators before raising rates.
A
needing no approval from regulators before raising
B
and it needed no approval by regulators before raising
C
and needing no approval from regulators before they raised
D
with approval not needed by regulators before they raised
E
with no approval needed from regulators before the raising of
The correct answer here is A
但是这里E为什么不对？这个独立结构不是很正确吗？
有的解答说不简洁，哪里不简洁呢I feel that needing no is much more awkward than with no approval needed....and some analysis says the raising of in the answer choice E didn’t state who raised the price clearly; however, it Is not stated in A, either! As for the subject, some analysis says that E didn’t clarify the subject: who need the approval. But it is a absolute structure, it ought to be a modifier or a supplement of the subject or action of the main clause! Surely it is the insurance companies who did not need the approval!

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-11-30 10:26
求NN指点迷津。尤其是第二题
是不是Gmac对absolute structure 太有成见了，以至目前为止所有OG题目里独立主格正确的答案只有一道题: one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and
Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms, have a strong regenerative ability, and if one arm is lost it quickly replaces it, sometimes by the animal overcompensating and growing an extra one or two.
Aone arm is lost it quickly replaces it, sometimes by the animal overcompensating and 分析该选项
B one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and 分析该选项
Cthey lose one arm they quickly replace it, sometimes by the animal overcompensating, 分析该选项
Dthey lose one arm they are quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating, 分析该选项
Ethey lose one arm it is quickly replaced, sometimes with the animal overcompensating,

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-11-30 10:42
Think about the story: Starfish (plural) have a certain ability: if they lose an arm, another one grows in its place. In fact, sometimes the animal overcompensates for the loss by growing extra arms. Note that the last idea (the animal overcompensates) is not an explanation of how the arm is replaced, but rather a side note about what sometimes happens along with the replacement of the arm.
(1) In addition, unlike A and B, which tell us "with/by the animal overcompensating and growing extra arms", C through E tell us "with/by the animal overcompensating, growing extra arms". The linkage in A and B is more appropriate since these actions occur in sequence. The animal indeed overcompensates and grows extra arms. This can be used to eliminate C, D and E

(2) A, D and E break the flow of the sentence by having a mismatch of active and passive voice in the condition and consequence. A is passive->active (if one arm is lost it replaces it) while D and E are active->passive (if they lose one arm it is quickly replaced). Ideally, both clauses would be active ("if they lose one arm they quickly replace it" as in C). The next best option is to have two passive options ("if one arm is lost it is quickly replaced"). This can be used to eliminate A, D, and E

Here is the expert analysis I found on beatthegmat
这个解释让我有了一点新的想法，他的大意是说如果连个动作连续发生，最好两个主被动时态统一，另外由于With the animal sometimes overcompensating 并不是通过overcompensate 长出新的arm，而是一个side note telling people sometimes these things happens,
那么是不是说insurance company 那一题不能够用with独立结构的原因并不是他错了，而是因为类似于starfish问题，这里不应该是一个无关紧要的side note，而是说明company如何free to charge的一个重要的伴随修饰语所以要用现在分词作状语，类似于限定修饰和非限定修饰的感觉？with类似于非限定修饰，open to discussion

可以这样理解吗？还是说那一题的with独立结构确实有问题呢？ need help

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-11-30 11:55
In many cases, a relative clause (a clause headed by a relative pronoun) and a
present participle modifier are practically interchangeable. For example:
Right: The man WHO IS CLEANING the steps is my uncle.
Right: The man CLEANING the steps is my uncle.
However, consider these examples:
The rate of language extinction is accelerating, a tendency ultimately
culminating in the survival of just a few languages, according to
some.
The rate of language extinction is accelerating, a tendency that will
ultimately culminate in the survival of just a few languages,
according to some.
Which sentence is correct? The adverb ultimately indicates that the action of
culminate or culminating is meant to happen in the future. However,
culminating by itself, in the context of choice (A), indicates the present time
frame because the main verb of the sentence, is accelerating, is in the present
tense. In contrast, through the use of the word will, choice (B) correctly
establishes that the action is meant to occur in the future. The correct answer is
(B).

在manhattan prep191面有这样的关于分词短语和独立主格的说明，
在这里AB都是同位语修饰main clause, 表示伴随结果，不同是
A N+n modifier(p.p)
b N+n modifier(that appointive clasue)
但是由于表达的结果是在未来可能发生，所以这里p.p modifier的进行时有误
同时这里需要注意的是prep语法中明确提到独立主格结构修饰的是main clause，包括同位语也是可以修饰main clause 的，当同位语abstract的时候是可以修饰main clause，举例说明
There are no legal limits, as there are for cod and haddock, on the size of monkfish that can be caught, a circumstance that contributes to their depletion through overfishing.

但是这里我有一点小疑问，这里的n+that appositive clause应该是同位语还是独立主格呢？我觉得是独立主格，因为prep语法192面归类成独立主格了，那么这里我就还有一个问题，关于n+n modifier的结构，这种结构是可以跟在like, such as， because of后面吗？gmat中有很多错误就是这种词后面跟了n+p.p phrases or +that clause，那么究竟是怎么样呢
In some cases, you can use an -ing form (with a comma) in place of an absolute
phrase. At the end of a sentence, either an -ing form or an absolute phrase can
indicate a result of the preceding clause.
然后例子
Consider another example:
Right:
Scientists have found high levels of iridium in certain geological
formations around the world, results that suggest the cataclysmic
impact of a meteor millions of years ago.
Consider this example:
Right:
Scientists have found high levels of iridium in certain geological
formations around the world, SUGGESTING the cataclysmic
impact of a meteor millions of years ago
这个是一种with引导的独立主格结构和现在分词短语作状语互换的例子，但是究竟什么时候是不能互换的呢？就是表示句子伴随结果的时候可以换，不表示伴随结果的只是side note 的时候是不能互换比如starfish题目，是这么理解吗

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-11-30 14:31
需要注意，with独立结构不能表达其与主句的明确关系，因而在表达，原因，结果等上面不如because, Although, as a result p.p modifier 不能准确表达与主句不同的时态，最好用THAT引导一个新时态的从句

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-11-30 14:34

RoxieHeart 发表于 2017-11-30 11:55
In many cases, a relative clause (a clause headed by a relative pronoun) and a
present participle mo ...

回复自己的问题，介词短语on account of, because of, despite(in spite of), as a result of(≠resulting from绝对错，动作发生顺序矛盾) due to
后面只能跟简单的名词短语
如果后面跟的是 V-ing(动名词)，名词所有格+动名词短语(sb's doing)，名词+复杂的现在分词短语或动词的抽象名词
应该改为连词because, Although来引导从句

The golden crab of the Gulf of Mexico has not been fished commercially in great numbers, primarily on account of living at great depths-- 2,500 to 3,000 feet down.

(A) on account of living
(B) on account of their living
(C) because it lives
(D) because of living
(E) being they live

OA is C. 后面不能加ving
RON:
If you want, you can just remember that "on account of ___ing" can be eliminated. I can't think of any context in which that structure would work, so you should be able to rule it out safely.

"On account of" is followed by a noun, and is usually restricted to changes in abstract things (prices, emotions, etc.)
e.g., It's common for stock prices to fluctuate wildly on account of announcements made at press conferences.

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-11-30 16:19
In Hungary, as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of which are in middle management and light industry.
A.       as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of which are in
B.       as with much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women works, many in
C.       as in much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many of them in.
D.       like much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women works, and many are.
E.       like much of Eastern Europe, an overwhelming proportion of women work, many are in.

OA IS C
RON:
"like X, ..." then the following two things must be true:
1 * X is a noun (or something else that can function as a noun, such as a gerund, noun-type phrase, etc). in other words, X should not be a clause
+
2 * you INTEND a COMPARISON between X and the SUBJECT of the following sentence.
--

in particular, you can't use "like" with prepositional phrases. in that case, you have to use "as", as in the correct answer.
can't use "WHICH" to refer PEOPLE

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-11-30 17:41
等一个解答

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-11-30 18:30
等一个解答

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-12-1 09:25
openopen

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-12-1 17:02

RoxieHeart 发表于 2017-11-30 11:55
In many cases, a relative clause (a clause headed by a relative pronoun) and a
present participle mo ...

回复自己的问题，介词短语on account of, because of, despite(in spite of), as a result of, due to
后面只能跟简单的名词短语
如果后面跟的是 V-ing(动名词)，名词所有格+动名词短语(sb's doing)，名词+复杂的现在分词短语或动词的抽象名词
应该改为连词because, Although来引导从句

作者: 杀G曼巴 时间: 2017-12-4 00:02
第一道题，没错，是修饰A and B

类似地，A and B， who 也是如此，如果要修饰一个的话，会用以下结构：
Published in Harlem, The Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and Chandler Owen.

第二题
Before 1988, insurance companies in California were free to charge whatever rates the market would bear, needing no approval from regulators before raising rates.
A needing no approval from regulators before raising
B and it needed no approval by regulators before raising
C and needing no approval from regulators before they raised
D with approval not needed by regulators before they raised
E with no approval needed from regulators before the raising of
E在意思上也发生变化了，with no approval (needed from regulators)， needed from regulators是修饰approval的，也就是说这个approval在法律层面上来说是needed的，但是insurance companies 没有按照法律层面上去做这个事情。
此外，the rasing of 这个用法没有rasing 好，我记得Manhattan有提到过，这种复杂动名词结构没有动词简洁（在都没有其他本质上问题的情况下，选ving）

作者: 杀G曼巴 时间: 2017-12-4 10:06

RoxieHeart 发表于 2017-11-30 10:19
独立结构究竟什么时候可以用呢？
Before 1988, insurance companies in California were free to charge wh ...

还有一点我补充一下

动词的名词形式（如exposure）是IMPERSONAL的，他们不传达“主语是参与其中的”信息
而动名词（如exposing）传递了“主语是参与在过程中的”信息

所以你看到的这个解析没问题

作者: RoxieHeart 时间: 2017-12-4 15:46

杀G曼巴发表于 2017-12-4 00:02
第一道题，没错，是修饰A and B

类似地，A and B， who 也是如此，如果要修饰一个的话，会用以下结构：

恍然大悟！！！！原来是这个意思！！！我以为with no xxx是不需要，原来表达的是需要但是没有！！！啊啊啊谢谢NN！！！感激！！！茅塞顿开！

作者: 杀G曼巴 时间: 2017-12-4 16:01

RoxieHeart 发表于 2017-12-4 15:46
恍然大悟！！！！原来是这个意思！！！我以为with no xxx是不需要，原来表达的是需要但是没有！！！啊啊 ...

不客气哈

作者: 几许VV 时间: 2018-11-5 17:21
好帖，必须顶！！感谢LZ的认真！

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