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标题: 【阅读】0414起悦读整理（4.28日 14点更新） [打印本页]
作者: masakishinobu 时间: 2017-4-14 14:05
标题: 【阅读】0414起悦读整理（4.28日 14点更新）
一、【考古】中耳肌肉
二、【考古】work-class女性
三、【考古】cost disease
四、【考古】恐龙灭绝
五、【暂无考古】土著和新移民
六、【暂无考古】wage
七、【考古】boater
八、【考古】南北黑人
九、【考古】俄国革命
十、【考古】Crops yields和herds
十一、【考古】地球自转
十二、【考古】Indo-European language
十三、【考古】mortgage tax
十四、【考古】海鸟预警地震
十五、【考古】中国工业革命
十六、【考古】technocentric
十七、【考古】婴儿听音乐
十八、【考古】anti-slavery feminism
十九、【新增考古】补牙
二十、 【考古】stakeholder model
二十一、【考古】日美企业对比
二十二、【考古】行星轨道
二十三、【考古】企业集中的优势
二十四、【考古】早期作品
二十五、【新增考古】政府监管与金融危机
二十六、【考古】income mobility
二十七、【考古】植物间gap与繁殖
二十八、【考古】UV
二十九、【考古】starling
三十、 【考古】汽车修理公司顾客满意程度调查
三十一、【考古】插播广告的影响
三十二、【考古】grey market
三十三、【暂无考古】家养植物
4.14日更新：更新7篇原始，5票考古。
4.16日更新：新增5篇原始和考古。4和6新增了原始。
4.16日晚更新：新增3篇原始和考古。
4.18日更新：新增3篇原始+考古，第6篇改名并添加考古。
4.19日更新：新增7篇原始+5篇考古，把6分成了两篇。
4.21日更新：新增4篇原始+4篇考古，新增原始6和19。
4.23日更新：新增25的考古，并改名。
4.27日更新：新增31的原始+考古，新增2和5的原始。
4.28日更新：新增19补牙的考古，32的院士和考古，33有原始没有考古。
作者: Jonna72 时间: 2017-4-14 22:07
整理菌辛苦啦
作者: nana2012two 时间: 2017-4-15 00:18
请问考古文章如何找到？
作者: Zoexc 时间: 2017-4-15 03:15
感恩！！
作者: qinshan_01 时间: 2017-4-15 08:13
感谢分享！
作者: Eashel 时间: 2017-4-15 08:20
感谢?
作者: Young大侠 时间: 2017-4-15 09:15
谢谢整理君~
作者: zixuan1017 时间: 2017-4-15 09:54
整理菌辛苦啦
作者: LilyHoward 时间: 2017-4-15 10:14
多谢多谢，17号考试的好慌
作者: Greenviewlouie 时间: 2017-4-15 11:29
感谢整理君！
作者: hoseemd 时间: 2017-4-15 13:47
感谢分享！
作者: xixi2017 时间: 2017-4-15 16:23
感谢分享
作者: 云焕暮湮 时间: 2017-4-15 16:48
20号考的飘过~谢谢啦~
作者: 项前进 时间: 2017-4-15 19:16
作者: HLH19960914 时间: 2017-4-15 20:21
作者: 杀鸡小队长 时间: 2017-4-15 23:53
请问同一篇文章里面不同人，有些说是本月原始，有些说是考古是什么情况？到底参照谁的？
作者: 杀伐四方 时间: 2017-4-16 03:31
感谢分享！
作者: hu770700rer 时间: 2017-4-16 14:06
感谢整理君， 第二篇和第四篇我觉得原始和考古有冲突。 还有第三篇构筑周马特还有一篇 是不是整理君没看到？ “第四篇是说 18,19 世纪英国进入工业化很早,而中国很晚,是因为中国女性 balabala 的, 这篇没时间了已经看得很急了,就是重点讲了中国女性当时的状态的“
希望整理君看到！ 感谢
作者: vickydomi 时间: 2017-4-16 14:30
楼主，红烧小蹄膀的第三篇文章有补充啦，她之前的不完整，她在自己文章上又补充了一些，辛苦楼主啦～～
作者: yaguohple 时间: 2017-4-16 15:54
感谢分享
作者: yaguohple 时间: 2017-4-16 16:19
论坛上别人发的疑似中耳肌的那题，大家可以看看：Tiny muscles behind the eardrum contract involuntarily when a person vocalizes or is exposed to a loud noise. This neuromuscular control system prevents sensory overload and enhances sound discrimination.
Modern industry has produced a noisy world. The din of Jack-Hammers, the whine of jet engines and the blare of amplified electric guitars have become all too common place. It was therefore considerate of nature to have equipped the human ear with a rather sophisticated noise-reduction system: two small muscles that are attached to the ossicles, the tiny bones that connect the eardrum to the cochlea (the structure that houses the sound-receptor cells). When the muscles contract, they dampen the vibrations of the ossicles, thereby reducing the acoustic signal that ultimately reaches the inner ear.
Although they are skeletal muscles (in fact they are the smallest skeletal muscles in the human body), the middle-ear muscles are not under voluntary control. They contract reflexively about a tenth of a second after one or both ears are exposed to loud external sounds. Indeed, the characteristics of the reflex have become so well known that deviations from the normal response serve as a basis for diagnosing various hearing disorders and neurological conditions.
The muscles of the middle ear contract not only in response to loud external sounds but also immediately before a person vocalizes. This prevocalization reflex operates even when one speaks, sings, or cries as softly possible. Yet most evidence suggests that it is meant to protect the inner ear from the fatigue, interference and potential injury caused by one’s own louder utterances, which can result in high sound levels in one’s head. The shouting and wailing of children or babies, for example, can reach their own ears with the same intensity as the sound of a train passing nearby.
The middle-ear muscles do more than just indiscriminately attenuate internal or loud external sounds in humans. The muscles muffle primarily a loud sound’s lower frequencies, which tend to overpower its higher frequencies. The net result of this frequency selectivity is to improve hearing particularly of those sounds that contain many high-frequency components, such as human speech. In fact, the middle-ear muscles are what enable one to hear other people talking even while one is speaking.
Perceived sounds regardless of their source are air-pressure waves that have been funneled to the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, causing it to vibrate. The vibrations are transmitted through the three ossicles in the middle ear (the malleus, incus and stapes) to the cochlea. The middle-ear mechanism the eardrum and ossicle linkage serves to convert the movements of low-density air into analogous movements of the higher-density fluid in the cochlea. The movements of the fluid are transmitted to the stereocilia: fine, hairlike protrusions of receptor cells on the cochlea’s basilar membrane. Mechanical forces on the stereocilia cause the cells to trigger electrical impulses in the auditory nerve that are then interpreted by the brain as sound. Attached to the ossicles are the two middle-ear muscles: the tensor tympani and the stapedius.
The tensor tympani is connected to the neck of the malleus and is anchored in the wall of the Eustachian tube (a ventilating tube connecting the throat, nasopharynx and middle ear). The stapedius oriinates in the wall of the middle-ear cavity (n. 腔；洞，凹处) and ends at the neck of the stapes, near its articulation (n. 关节；接合；清晰发音) point with the incus. The basic anatomy (n. 解剖；解剖学；剖析；骨骼) of the middle-ear muscles was described as early as 1562, by Bartolomaeus Eusta-chius (from whom the Eustachian tube is named). Yet the function of the muscles in human hearing was a subject of speculation until this century, when laboratory experiments on animals and clinical observation made a comparative analysis of their physiology (n. 生理学；生理机能) possible.
The middle-ear-muscle system is found in all classes of vertebrates, but it has distinctive features in certain species. In same species of frogs, for example, the hearing organ contains only a single ossicle that has a stapedi-uslike muscle attached to it. It is interesting to note that those frog species without a muscle or an ossicle in middle ear tend not to vocalize. Among lower vertebrates, birds possess the most elaborate systems for hearing and sound communication. In each ear they have a stapedius analogue, which is attached to both the tympanic (adj. 鼓膜的；鼓室的；鼓皮似的) membrane and a single ossicle, the columella. Because a bird’s stapedius muscle lies mainly outside the middle-ear cavity, it can be studied more readily than the stapedius of mammals without damaging the delicate middle-ear structures.
We have worked with common domestic fowl, such as chickens, in a series of experiments on the physiology of the stapedius at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm and at Harvard University. By attaching a strain gauge to the tendon (n. [解剖] 腱) of a bird’s stapedius and then stimulating the muscle electrically, we wound that the stapedius was capable of contracting at rates in excess of 100 times a second.
The muscle’s inherent capacity for quick response and fatigue resistance is also evident from the microscopic appearance of its fibers. Electron micrographs show that the fibers contain abundant mitochondria (which provide energy), dense sarcoplasmic reticulum (n. 网状组织，网状质；网罟座（南天的星座）；[脊椎] 蜂巢胃) (which releases the calcium ions that trigger contraction) and numerous transverse tubules for the transmission of calcium ions.
作者: 韩夏天1314 时间: 2017-4-16 19:28
什么叫考古啊是指以前出现的题吗
作者: vickydomi 时间: 2017-4-16 22:00
辛苦阅读君！！！！爱你
作者: 紫薇cc 时间: 2017-4-17 15:02
请问大家14号换库了，那么4月3号到4月14号这期间的题目还用看吗
作者: GMAT必过700 时间: 2017-4-17 15:39
感谢整理菌！效率，清晰！
作者: masakishinobu 时间: 2017-4-17 15:40
不用
作者: tangjiejing 时间: 2017-4-17 21:27
感谢！！！
作者: 老葫 时间: 2017-4-17 21:56
感谢分享！
作者: jessie_yuanyuan 时间: 2017-4-17 22:07
基本上没有参考价值了
作者: andsauce 时间: 2017-4-18 07:20
今天考了一道公车车费的作文 在4/4号的寂静里有 bus fares
作者: sr888152 时间: 2017-4-18 11:59
整理君辛苦了，希望阅读这两天还能有更新
作者: masakishinobu 时间: 2017-4-18 17:18
有 等我晚上下班就更。
作者: jiayoujiayoua 时间: 2017-4-18 18:07
谢谢楼主！！！！！！
作者: tangjiejing 时间: 2017-4-18 20:06
谢谢楼主！辛苦了，20号就考了，虚！
作者: 元气少女琦琦琦 时间: 2017-4-18 20:18
感谢分享！
作者: Olivia_L 时间: 2017-4-18 21:01
貌似和2016年一月是一个库，整理君可以看一下
作者: bilkercc 时间: 2017-4-18 21:50
楼主辛苦啦 楼主加油
作者: xyxcindy 时间: 2017-4-18 22:50
辛苦整理君！
作者: jiayoujiayoua 时间: 2017-4-19 00:20
我去！！！！好像真的是！！！！！！我刚才看了一下，基本都重合了！！！！！
作者: traptor 时间: 2017-4-19 09:05
大神有没有链接啊？
作者: Shaw7 时间: 2017-4-19 10:48
感谢！
作者: jiayoujiayoua 时间: 2017-4-19 10:51
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1238635-1-1.html
你看看是不是。。。。。。我都不敢相信自己的眼睛。。。。怕有差错。。。。。你确认了再告诉我一声啊
作者: traptor 时间: 2017-4-19 11:13
非常感谢！ 看了一下，还真是。
作者: yuyan1148 时间: 2017-4-19 12:26
2和OG17版模测里的很像
作者: christina201008 时间: 2017-4-19 19:12
谢谢
作者: huaduwuying2 时间: 2017-4-20 06:11
顶楼主！
作者: jiayoujiayoua 时间: 2017-4-20 23:32
楼主加油！！！！
作者: jiayoujiayoua 时间: 2017-4-20 23:33
不知道考前能不能到35
作者: jiayoujiayoua 时间: 2017-4-21 00:57
跪求楼主更新
作者: masakishinobu 时间: 2017-4-21 12:56
昨天没有新阅读。
作者: Alouha 时间: 2017-4-21 14:54
感谢分享！
作者: 杀伐四方 时间: 2017-4-22 16:40
感谢分享！
作者: Macklemost 时间: 2017-4-22 21:11
这次库好像又是一直到1月23号的那个库 至少3/4篇一模一样的 寂静出来的速度数量也相似
作者: masakishinobu 时间: 2017-4-23 22:04
嗯是的~
作者: 地大小D 时间: 2017-4-24 10:47
感谢分享！
作者: Guðmundsd 时间: 2017-4-24 19:30
十分感谢 令人感动 29号考 不知道来不来得及看到更新 会不会换库
作者: moo111111 时间: 2017-4-25 00:38
想请问整理君是跟今年到1/23的同库吗
怎麽看起来不太一样呢？
希望也跟1/23的19天才换题
作者: masakishinobu 时间: 2017-4-25 10:29
是2016年那个12月末开始的库 应该...
作者: moo111111 时间: 2017-4-25 14:25
今天比对了一下悦读
怎么好像也不像呢?
整理君你说的是这个库的吗 2016.12.14-2017.01.04
作者: masakishinobu 时间: 2017-4-25 17:35
我说的是2015年12月底到2016年1月初 那个。
作者: 八朔酱 时间: 2017-4-25 20:24
整理君 第19篇补牙的那个 好像去年0506库里的一篇《.弹簧的弹力（residual stress）》
The average person is likely to feelmildly alarmed on being told that dental fillings contain locked-in stresses.We all have a somewhat hazy不清楚的 understanding that stress leads tofracture and can vaguely recall dramatic instances of stress-related failures.Thus we are likely to feel that all material stresses are without redeeming挽回的 value and should, if possible, be eliminated.
A truer picture of the behavior ofmaterials is both more complicated and more interesting. It turns out that itis difficult to work a rigid material without introducing permanent internalstresses. Most common manufacturing operations, such as turning, grinding, and peening,can set up internal stresses, and many familiar objects are subject to them,including dental fillings, computer chips, and pipelines.Butthese residual stresses can be beneficial as well as harmful. Indeed,manufacturers sometimes go to great lengths to introduce them. Manystress-related effects and recipes for obtaining them have long been known toartisans. What is new is the ability tomeasure the stress fields directly rather than inferring their nature fromwarpage and breakage. Several trends in engineering design make this analyticalcompetence important.
One of the trends is the proliferationof nontraditional materials. The best way to work a sword or to coil绕成圈 a spring弹簧 may be known, but no comparable body oflore知识 exists for ceramic transducers陶瓷转换器 or semiconductor wafers半导体晶片 or compositeairfoils复合材料机翼. Asecond trend is the trimming of safety margins修正安全边际. Bridges andother load-bearing structures have traditionally been built with large safetyfactors, but the lavish过分给予的,大量生产的 use ofmaterials required by this practice is increasingly uneconomic（原文在这里有改动，给了一些比较具体的数字）; in the case of objects that must belofted高高地升到空中 into space, a large safety factor istotally impractical. A third trend is the reduction in scale of many engineeredsystems. Residual stresses play a much more important role in the microscopicmetal微观金属 interconnects on the surface of a chip缺口 than they do in a thick electrical cable电缆.
作者: Deland_Z 时间: 2017-4-26 18:40
谢谢！thank you！
作者: moonbiya 时间: 2017-4-28 19:41
感谢分享！
作者: 大黄黄 时间: 2017-4-28 20:17
谢谢
作者: 杀伐四方 时间: 2017-5-1 00:18
感谢分享！
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