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标题: 【求解】OG和GWD上一些逻辑题目 [打印本页]

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-26 16:57
标题: 【求解】OG和GWD上一些逻辑题目
都第三次考了才刚刚找到一点做逻辑的感觉我要不要这么失败。。。TAT
还是有些题目不太能理解想向各位大神请教一下
估计会不定期地提问还请不要嫌弃我。。。

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-26 16:58

Each year red-winged blackbirds stop in a certain region of Midland Province on their spring and fall migration. In the fall, they eat a significant portion of the province’s sunflower crop. This year Midland farmers sought permits to set out small amounts of poisoned rice during the blackbirds’ spring stop in order to reduce the fall blackbird population. Some residents voiced concern that the rice could threaten certain species of rare migratory birds. Nevertheless, the wildlife agency approved the permits.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to justify the wildlife agency’s approval of the permits, given the concern voiced by some residents?

A. In the region where the red-winged blackbirds stop, they are the first birds to be present in the spring.
B. The poison that farmers want to use does not kill birds but rather make them incapable of producing viable eggs.
C. Since rice is not raised in midland province, few species of birds native to the province normally eat rice.
D. Without the permit, any farmers shown to have set out poison for the blackbirds would be heavily fined
E. The poison that farmers got approval to use has no taste or smell that would make it detectable by birds.

求解释A和C。。

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-26 17:05
GWD-24-Q 22:
Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, are given follow-up x-rays because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. When a number of follow-up x-rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Therefore, it is a waste of money to order follow-up
x-rays of ankle fracture initially judged stable.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A. Doctors who are general practitioners rather than orthopedists are less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle fracture correctly.
B. Many ankle injuries for which an initial x-ray is ordered are revealed by the x-ray not to involve any fracture of the ankle.
C. X-rays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed.
D. The healing of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is always checked by means of a follow-up x-ray.
E. Orthopedists routinely order follow-up x-rays for fractures of bone other than ankle bones.

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-26 17:06
GWD-24-7
Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?
The expansion of large-scale farming in Africa and Asia has destroyed much of the natural vegetation on which elephants have historically depended, forcing them to turn to cultivated land to satisfy their enormous appetites. As a result, farmers have lost millions of dollars worth of crops annually. Yet even if elephant sanctuaries were created on a widespread basis to guarantee elephants sufficient natural vegetation, the raiding would likely persist, since

A. when elephants forage for food, they typically travel in herds.
B. Foraging elephants have been known to cause substantial damage even to plants that they do not eat.
C. Some of the land where crops have suffered extensive damage from elephants has been allowed to return to its natural state.
D. Elephants tend to prefer cultivated crops to wild vegetation as a food source.
E. Elephant sanctuaries are usually created in areas that are rich in the natural vegetation on which elephants have historically depended.

D 选项抛开题目可以理解，但是题目里不是说，elephants以往都depend on natural vegetation，因为natural 的被毁了才去吃crops，D选项里的意思和题目的意思好像不太符合啊。。。

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-26 17:07
GWD-12-Q38:
Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart. When outbreaks do occur, they kill thousands of cattle. A livestock vaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used. It is too expensive for farmers to use routinely, and since it is not effective until a month after vaccination, administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little. Nevertheless, experts predict that use of the vaccine will increase significantly within the next few years.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the experts’ prediction?

A. Rift Valley fever is spread by mosquitoes, but each outbreak is so widespread that it is impractical to control it by using insecticides.
B. When an outbreak of Rift Valley fever occurs, unaffected countries often refuse to import livestock from the countries affected by the outbreak.
C. It would take less than a month for producers of the vaccine to adjust their production operations to cope with a large increase in demand.
D. Many cattle farmers in East Africa are nomadic or live in remote villages, and such farmers, who have little access to modern veterinary medicine, are particularly hard hit by outbreaks of Rift Valley fever.
E. Recently published research has shown that certain identifiable climatic conditions are almost invariably followed, within two to five months, by an outbreak of Rift Valley fever.

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-26 17:08
GWD-12-Q29:
The Earth’s rivers constantly carry dissolved salts into its oceans. Clearly, therefore, by taking the resulting increase in salt levels in the oceans over the past hundred years and then determining how many centuries of such increases it would have taken the oceans to reach current salt levels from a hypothetical initial salt-free state, the maximum age of the Earth’s oceans can be accurately estimated.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. The quantities of dissolved salts deposited by rivers in the Earth’s oceans have not been unusually large during the past hundred years.
B. At any given time, all the Earth’s rivers have about the same salt levels.
C. There are salts that leach into the Earth’s oceans directly from the ocean floor.
D. There is no method superior to that based on salt levels for estimating the maximum age of the Earth’s oceans.
E. None of the salts carried into the Earth’s oceans by rivers are used up by biological activity in the oceans.

求A和E的解释

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-26 17:12
665. One way to judge the performance of a company is
to compare it with other companies. This technique,
commonly called "benchmarking," permits the
manager of a company to discover better industrial
practices and can provide a justification for the
adoption of good practices.
Any of the following, if true, is a valid reason for
benchmarking the performance of a company against
companies with which it is not in competition rather
than against competitors EXCEPT:
(A) Comparisons with competitors are most likely to
focus on practices that the manager making the
comparisons already employs.
(B) Getting “inside* information about the unique
practices of competitors is particularly difficult.
{C) Since companies that compete with each other
are likely to have comparable levels of efficiency,
only benchmarking against noncompetitors is
likely to reveal practices that would aid in beating
competitors.
(D) Managers are generally more receptive to new
ideas that they find outside their own industry.
(E) Much of the success of good companies is
due to their adoption of practices that take
advantage of the special circumstances of their
products or markets.

这题题目的要求没懂诶。。。

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-26 17:13
In Stenland, many workers have been complaining
that they cannot survive on minimum wage, the
lowest wage an employer is permitted to pay. The
government is proposing to raise the minimum wage.
Many employers who pay their workers the current
minimum wage argue that if it is raised, unemployment
will increase because they will no longer be able to
afford to employ as many workers.
Which of the following, if true in Stenland, most strongly
supports the claim that raising the minimum wage there
will not have the effects that the employers predict?
(A) For any position with wages below a living wage,
the difficulty of finding and retaining employees
adds as much to employment costs as would
raising wages.
(B) Raising the minimum wage does not also
increase the amount employers have to
contribute in employee benefits.
(C) When inflation is taken into account, the
proposed new minimum wage is not as high as
the current one was when it was introduced.
(D) Many employees currently being paid wages at
the level of the proposed new minimum wage will
demand significant wage increases.
(E) Many employers who pay some workers only the
minimum wage also pay other workers wages
that are much higher than the minimum.

求解A和C

作者: lisiberry 时间: 2017-2-26 21:44

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 16:58
Each year red-winged blackbirds stop in a certain region of Midland Province on their spring and fa ...

A吧？能给个答案不，要不然还得去一个一个查。

C肯定错，因为Some residents voiced concern that the rice could threaten certain species of rare migratory birds.中说的是迁移鸟而不是native

作者: lisiberry 时间: 2017-2-26 21:47

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:05
GWD-24-Q 22:
Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, a ...

以下是引用，你看看
先看问题。问的是support，即逻辑题为演绎类。因此答案找范围与原文相关选项即可。

读原文，大概意思是O这帮人通过follow-up x-ray来确定病人ankle fracture是否stable。但是follow-up x-ray这个东西被review之后跟没有review没什么区别。因此，follow-up x-ray这东西再做就是浪费钱。

看选项。

A说D这么一个东西比O这么一个东西再judge fracture上有一个不同，原文没提，排除了。

B说ankle injuries被x-ray reveal出来没有involve ankle的fracture。（既然没有fracture，当然需要follow-up（后续）的x-ray了。那么follow-up x-ray是必须的而不是浪费钱的。--所以此选项为驳斥，而不是支持。）

C说病人的x-ray这东西被不同的O已经review过了。（因此，x-ray这个东西在开始的时候做一次就够了，follow-up就是浪费银子。）

D说手术治愈ankle fractures这个东西需要check by follow-up x-ray。完全没提，排除。

E说O这帮人通常需要follow-up x-ray来怎么fractures of bone比ankle bone。这个对比关系原文完全没提，所以排除了。

读的这么残疾还是能排除ADE，而只有B和C选项是和原文范围相关的。而二者一个支持，一个驳斥，选出支持原文的C选项即可。

其实不就是一回事么，如果当x-ray被O这帮人review了之后，那么follow-up的x-ray自然没有必要做了。原文也提到了，由于多次review会发现一开始这个情况就能确定，因此再做follow-up的x-ray是浪费钱。即x-ray被O这帮人review是一个前提条件。

B选项亦是如此，说这个x-ray不包括facture，而原文的前提就是这个fracture是应该被x-ray照出来并可以judge的。无论是无关，或是驳斥，也不影响你做题。

分析错题需要分析当时做错的思路到底是如何想错了的，而不是从答案倒推去挑错。

作者: lisiberry 时间: 2017-2-26 22:02

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:06
GWD-24-7
Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?
The expansion of large ...

你说的“elephants以往都depend on natural vegetation，因为natural 的被毁了才去吃crops”跟D不矛盾。因为D并没有否定原文，只是添加了新的信息。

作者: lisiberry 时间: 2017-2-26 22:04

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:07
GWD-12-Q38:
Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart. W ...

E？？

作者: lisiberry 时间: 2017-2-26 22:05

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:07
GWD-12-Q38:
Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart. W ...

http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-54940-1-23.html

作者: lisiberry 时间: 2017-2-26 22:10

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:08
GWD-12-Q29:
The Earth’s rivers constantly carry dissolved salts into its oceans. Clearly, therefor ...

A。E与原文第一句话一样。

作者: lisiberry 时间: 2017-2-26 22:11
楼主有空帮我看看我不会的题呗。昨天发的帖子。说不定我不会的你正好会呢

。先谢谢了。

作者: lisiberry 时间: 2017-2-26 22:48

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:13
In Stenland, many workers have been complaining
that they cannot survive on minimum wage, the
lowe ...

A

C错不论通货膨胀的情况会使得工资的实际如何，均和提高最低工资不增加失业率之间没有关系。

C确实是比较让人困惑的一个选项。但你想，中国2008年左右通货膨胀就很高了，但是物价先高，然后过了好长时间人们的工资才变高。所以通膨跟题目中的问题没有关系。

作者: lisiberry 时间: 2017-2-26 22:51

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:12
665. One way to judge the performance of a company is
to compare it with other companies. This tech ...

这道题我做的时候就错了，弄明白后现在又忘了。

同问。

作者: RRZZR 时间: 2017-2-27 07:35

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 16:58
Each year red-winged blackbirds stop in a certain region of Midland Province on their spring and fa ...

牢牢的盯住结论：用poison rice可行。言下之意就是poisoned rice可以杀blackbirds，但不杀certain rare migratory birds。
c的shell game看出来了吧，native birds不是certain rare migratory birds所以我不关心
A说bb是最先来的，那它们先把poisoned rice 吃了别的就吃不到了，因此别的就不被poisoned

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-27 17:21

lisiberry 发表于 2017-2-26 21:44
A吧？能给个答案不，要不然还得去一个一个查。

C肯定错，因为Some residents voiced concern that the r ...

是A，C没看仔细

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-27 17:26

lisiberry 发表于 2017-2-26 21:47
以下是引用，你看看
先看问题。问的是support，即逻辑题为演绎类。因此答案找范围与原文相关选项即可。

感谢！

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-27 17:31

lisiberry 发表于 2017-2-26 22:11
楼主有空帮我看看我不会的题呗。昨天发的帖子。说不定我不会的你正好会呢。先谢谢了。 ...

好的好的

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-27 17:50

RRZZR 发表于 2017-2-27 07:35
牢牢的盯住结论：用poison rice可行。言下之意就是poisoned rice可以杀blackbirds，但不杀certain rare m ...

没注意到C里面的小陷阱

A一开始有点钻牛角尖了，如果poison rice 撒的多了，bb没吃完那不是还会危及到其他鸟类

作者: lisiberry 时间: 2017-2-27 20:22

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:12
665. One way to judge the performance of a company is
to compare it with other companies. This tech ...

这道题问了一下老师和朋友，终于明白了。

Any of the following, if true, is a valid reason for benchmarking the performance of a company against
companies with which it is not in competition rather than against competitors EXCEPT:。

以下的选项如果正确，是一个正确的理由用来检测/评估一个公司的业绩对比非竞争公司而不是竞争公司。EXCEPT

benchmark A against B, 固定用法，对比B来评估A。后面with which.... 都是用来形容companies的。

怎么样，能看明白不？感觉翻译的比较生涩，但中文水平有限

作者: lisiberry 时间: 2017-2-27 20:24

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-27 17:31
好的好的

谢谢，现在都弄明白了，以后如果看到了我的问题，还请多多指教

作者: RRZZR 时间: 2017-2-28 11:17

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-27 17:50
没注意到C里面的小陷阱
A一开始有点钻牛角尖了，如果poison rice 撒的多了，bb没吃完那不是还会 ...

对于A，我已开始和你想的一样，我也觉得万一bb把poisoned rice还剩了点，那不是还是会危害其他鸟？
只不过把剩下四个排除了，就只有A了。

后来其实仔细想想，人家题目让我们"reduce bb的population“，没说赶尽杀绝，那用的poisoned rice也自然很难过量。当然了，这里仍然有个assumption就是bb得真的把poisoned rice吃精光。。反正我觉得A是有挺多漏洞的

作者: RRZZR 时间: 2017-2-28 11:38

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:05
GWD-24-Q 22:
Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, a ...

求strengthen C:　follow-up X-ray of ankle fracture initially judged stable没用
A. general practitioners比orthopedists水平低。［题里没说practitioner，只说ankle fracture给orthopedists看］
B. 很多ankle injuries显示都不是ankle fracture。［题里说的是ankle fracture后动手术之后要不要复查的问题，所以无关］
C. X ray片子是由不同医院的不同orthopedists看的。［增加了样本范围和结论可信度，使得premise里说的"所有follow-up的结果都是好的"更加可信。说实话strengthen premise的题还真的没见过多少。。。］
D. Ankle fracture的术后康复经常会被x-ray复查。［题里已经说了，因此不能"继续"增强结论．Strengthen和weaken题里必须引入新的逻辑或元素］
E. orthopedists经常对ankle fracture以外的fracture做复查。［与ankle fracture关系甚远］

作者: RRZZR 时间: 2017-2-28 11:43

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:06
GWD-24-7
Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?
The expansion of large ...

没错，elephants“以往都（historically）”depend on natural vegetation，也就是说现在还depend不depend不知道。
大象以前没吃过人种的crop这么好吃的东西，现在吃过了，就会常来光顾。。就像你去national park，上面sign都是别喂wild life，因为这帮动物吃过人类给的好吃的，就不想吃别的了。结果就是吃过人给的东西的总是会来骚扰人，直到出事

作者: RRZZR 时间: 2017-2-28 11:52

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:07
GWD-12-Q38:
Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart. W ...

注意这题是strongest justification，那还不是简单的strengthen，是要找点接近于或等于sufficient condition（充分条件）的答案。那技巧就是找那些语气强的。

P：vaccine是有效的。vaccine很贵而且一个月后才生效，发现症状后再用就晚了。
C：vaccine的使用会增加。

答案要找充分条件，也就是说　你要证明“一定”会有breakout，那E就是说一定会有(almost invariably) outbreak of fever

别的选项还有啥问题吗？

作者: RRZZR 时间: 2017-2-28 12:11

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:08
GWD-12-Q29:
The Earth’s rivers constantly carry dissolved salts into its oceans. Clearly, therefor ...

P: 河往海里输送salt
C: 假设海洋最初salt level是0，用近百年salt level的增值就可以估计海洋的最大年龄
求必要条件：
A. 近百年里河往海里送的salt不是"出奇的"多。
negate选项：近半年里河往海里送的salt有可能"出奇的"多。
言外之意，如果有可能忽然近百年多了，别的时候都一至的少，那估值就不准确了。
negated A能weaken conclusion，因此选A。
带这种not的直接negate然后能weaken结论的就是对的。

E. 送到海里的salt不会被生物代谢掉。
negate选项：被带到海里的一些salts被生物活动耗干了。又能怎样？这个事情从始至终一直发生着也不会结束，salts的net gain every year都是恒定的，因此海的年龄仍然可以算。
negated E不能weaken conclusion，因此不选。

作者: RRZZR 时间: 2017-2-28 12:15

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:12
665. One way to judge the performance of a company is
to compare it with other companies. This tech ...

结论就是benchmark和自己没有竞争关系的公司而不去 benchmark和自己有竞争关系的公司
Any of the following, if true, is a valid reason for benchmarking the performance of a company against
companies with which it is not in competition rather than against competitors

题目是EXCEPT，所以4个支持结论，选那一个不能支持结论的

作者: RRZZR 时间: 2017-2-28 12:36

穆汐寒发表于 2017-2-26 17:13
In Stenland, many workers have been complaining
that they cannot survive on minimum wage, the
lowe ...

C：提高MW(minimum wage)不会导致unemployment上升
P：employer觉得MW上升后就付不起这么多工人，所以unemployment就会上升。
注意前面还说了，政府要提高MW的原因是工人无法用现在的MW混口饭吃（survive）。那么政府propose的提高MW也必须是实打实的让工人用提高后的MW能够混口饭吃（survive）。也就是说不管有什么inflation，MW提高必须是真正的实打实的，除去inflation之后的提高。
因此C选项就是错的，政府propose的MW level是能满足让工人混口饭吃的（不管物价水平inflation多少），不是“虚情假意的带着inflation的”提高
A选项说的就是，底薪的那些工人很难找，找了也很难留住他们，因此每次花在找人和留人的钱还不如给他们提高MW。

兄弟，话说我打字好辛苦。。。。下次咱们把题目分成几个帖子发吧~~

作者: 穆汐寒 时间: 2017-2-28 17:24

RRZZR 发表于 2017-2-28 11:52
注意这题是strongest justification，那还不是简单的strengthen，是要找点接近于或等于sufficient condit ...

都懂了~你说的都好有道理

下次的问题会分开发帖的~

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