ChaseDream

标题: 【语法知识点练习】语法干货总结练习，天天练，天天学，天天进步 [打印本页]

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-2 16:27
标题: 【语法知识点练习】语法干货总结练习，天天练，天天学，天天进步
备考GMAT期间，收集和整理了一些语法的题目还配合知识点详解。我每天都会发一道语法小题在这里。答案在第二天发新题目时会公布的，大家可以把答案留言在后面，多多做练习嘛。

OG SC summary

【敲黑板】红色部分是最重要的，必须掌握的

咖啡色和黑色是OG的普通知识点！OG的基本！！！

1. In a review of2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists,declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for suchvariables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.

(A) psychologists,declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for suchvariables as social class and family size,

(B) psychologists,declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variableslike social class and family size, and

(C) psychologistsdeclared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for suchvariables as social class and family size,

(D) psychologistsdeclared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variableslike social class and family size,

(E) In a review of2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swisspsychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control forvariables such as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.

思路：理解句子意思

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-4 11:07

Adeclaring分句去掉以后句子没有主句

B 同A

C 去掉having分句，that后since从句缺谓语

Dfail 一般现在时和declared时态不一致

E 正确

之前的题目大家有没有做对呢？新的题目又来啦！！！可以来练习了。

2. Manufacturers rate batteries in watt-hours; if theyrate the watt-hour higher, the longer the battery can be expected to last.

(A) if they rate thewatt-hour higher, the longer

(B) rating thewatt-hour higher, it is that much longer

(D) the higher thewatt-hour rating, it is that much longer that

(E) when the watt-hourrating is higher, the longer it is

思路：idiom，the more， the more

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-5 10:05

今天的解析我也是写的很详细，很心累。

看在外面阳光明媚，风景大好的份上，心情都飞扬起来了，一不小心解析就写了这么多，希望对大家有帮助吧！

A 不符合the more，the more 搭配，the longer。。。就显得很奇怪

B 同A，很奇怪

C 正确the more X, the more Y.

D 同A

E 同A

总结：“the+比较级，the+比较级”意为“越……越……”，本题这里为省略，具体看下面解释：

表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化，其中的两个the都是副词，而不是冠词。本文拟从以下几个方面对此句式作一浅析，希望能帮助同学们加深理解。

　　一、对主、从句的理解

　　1.在通常情况下，前一个“the +比较级”相当于比较状语从句，后一个“the + 比较级”为主句。例如：

　　The more I read the book，the more I liked it．

　　这本书我越看越喜欢。

　　The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able toanswer them.

　　问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。

　　2.有时前一个“the +比较级”相当于条件状语从句，后一个“the + 比较级”为主句，从句不可用将来时。例如：

　　The earlier you start,the sooner you’ll be back.

　　你出发得越早,回来得就越早。

　　The more you practise, the better you can understand.

　　你练习得越多，理解得就越透。

　　3.除上述情况外，还存在着主句在前，从句在后的特殊情况。此时，主句中的“the+比较级”多放在主句之末。此时，要按汉语习惯先译从句，再译主句。例如：

　　He is the busier, the happier he feels.

　　他越忙越高兴。

　　You climb the higher, the farther you will see.

　　你爬得越高,就看得越远。

　　二、语序

　　一般说来，从句中的主语与谓语必须是正常语序，不能是倒装语序。主句可根据需要调整，既可采用正常语序，也可采用倒装语序。例如：

　　The noisier they were, the happier was their mother.

　　孩子越吵闹，他们的母亲就越高兴。

　　The harder you work, the more progress you will get.

　　你越努力，进步就越快。

　　三、省略

　　1.在通常情况下，如果主、从句中的谓语动词是联系动词be，而且主语非代词时，此时be常常省略。例如：

　　The better the food (is), the more popular a restaurant gets.

　　食物越可口，饭店的生意就越红火。

　　The higher the tree (is), the stronger the wind (is).

　　树大招风。

　　The more exercise you take, the stronger you are.

　　锻炼得越多，身体越强壮。(注意：此句中的联系动词are不能省略。)

　　2.对于主句在前，从句在后的特殊情况，主句中形容词或副词前的the常常省略。例如：

　　You practise (the) more, the better you can understand.

　　你练习得越多，你理解得就越透。

　　I knew him (the) more, the more I liked him.

　　我越了解他就越喜欢他。

　　3.主、从句的主语和谓语动词在叙述的场合有默契，可酌情省略。例如：

　　The sooner (you finish it), the better (it will be).

　　你完成得越快越好。

　　The more (you know), the more dangerous (it will be).

　　你知道得越多，处境就越危险。

3. Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes thatthere is a recovery finally under way, many economists say that without alarge amount of spending the recovery might not last.

(A) have raised hopesthat there is a recovery finally

(B) raised hopes forthere being a recovery finally

(D) has raised hopesthat a recovery is finally

(E) raised hopes for arecovery finally

思路：under way 正在进行中

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-7 11:42
不知道大家有没有做这些题呀，哎，算了没人理我也要坚持不懈的发下去。

A 主语a surge谓语用单数has；主系表结构本身可以表示状态，不需要改成there be ；而且there be+抽象名词错误；表示状态的形容词，一般以主系表形式表现出来，表达状态。此时，不再需要there be结构强调这种状态

B raised 时态不准确，现在完成时比一般过去时能更好的跟一般现在时结合，这里表示has raised 对后面economistssay 有影响； there being 永远错； finally应该修饰一个动词，不能作形容词修饰 recovery ；hopes后一般加that 强调整体

C hadraised 错误，没用过去时与之对应；being多余；finally应该修饰一个动词，不能作形容词修饰 recovery

D: bingo , that 是hopes的同位语，a recovery is finally 非常简洁

E hopes后一般加that 强调整体，这里是同位语; finally应该修饰动词；raised 时态不准确，现在完成时比一般过去时能更好的跟一般现在时结合

总结：

1.现在完成时比一般过去时能更好的跟一般现在时结合；

2.偏向于用that从句，而不是跟介词短语 : hypothesis, idea, hope, expectation, suggestion, belief, discovery,evidence, indication, and report ==> that是同位语！

3. 主系表结构，也可以用来表示，A处于一种什么状态。此时，不再需要there be来强调这个状态。

4. At the end of the 1930s,Duke Ellington was looking for a composer to assist him—someone not only whocould arrange music for his successful big band, But mirroring his eccentricwriting style as well in order to finish the many pieces he had started butnever completed.

(A) someone not only who could arrangemusic for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style aswell in order to finish

(B) someone who could not only arrangemusic for his successful big band, but also mirror his eccentric writing stylein order to finish

(C) someone who not only could arrangemusic for his successful big band, but also to mirror his eccentric writingstyle in finishing

(D) that being someone who could not onlyarrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writingstyle for finishing

(E) being someone not only who couldarrange music for his successful big band, but mirror his eccentric writingstyle as well, finishing

思路：除B以外，都是not only…but also 搭配不对称，简单题

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-9 13:47

第四题很简单吧，我就不做什么解析啦，接下来的题直接来了。

B 正确

5. Of all the vast tides of migration that have swept through history, maybe noneis more concentrated as the wave that brought12 million immigrants onto American shores in little more than three decades.

(A) maybe none is moreconcentrated as

(B) it may be thatnone is moreconcentrated as

(D) maybe it is none that was more concentrated than

(E) perhaps none wasmore concentrated than

思路：

OG原话：perhaps和maybe是可以互换的，但是perhaps更加正式一点，；

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-11 15:31

（为了表明重点的层次，这个颜色调的我真是real心累）

思路：

OG原话：perhaps和maybe是可以互换的，但是perhaps更加正式一点，；

A ： 在比较结构中时态发生变化be动词不能省略，反向考点：如果省略了be动词，那证明比较对象时态一致。wave后省略了 was 因为从句中是brought, 所以这里应该用一般过去was ; more as ……错误，改成more than

B选项，看见more应该是想到和than搭配，而不是as；wave后省略了 was 因为从句中是brought, 所以这里应该用一般过去was ; it may be that 啰嗦

C选项，more…than…结构表示一种比较，后面用了“brought“过去式意为着wave后面省略的是was,所以than前面对应的应该是过去时was ; 。长句子中，消除不必要的be, 消除强调句成分

D：长句子中，消除不必要的be, 消除强调句成分； it应该指代某些东西，但是这里没有，所以强调句

E ：结构清晰；more …than 搭配正确

总结：

1. 形式主/宾语it: 无名词指代对象，用于指代to do结构或that从句 ===>只能用于指代这两种结构，什么being…,for doing…都不能被it指代！

形式宾语make/feel/believe/find it +adj +to do/ that从句

It用于指代to do结构或that从句

EG： it is clear that …… it is essential to do….

2. 但是 it 后面加名词 it只能指代to do ,不能是that 从句

Onaccount of a law passed in 1933, making it a crime punishable by imprisonmentthat a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion orcoins, immigrants found that on arrival in the United States they had tosurrender all of the gold they had brought with them.

这个句子是错误的， it 不能指代that后面一整句。

6. Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation’sthird leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.

(A) ranks as thenation’s third leading cause of death, surpassed only

(B) rank as thenation’s third leading cause of death, only surpassed

(D) are the nation’sthird leading causes of death, surpassed only

(E) have been rankedas the nation’s third leading causes of death, only surpassed

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-11 15:38
这个格式，我真的尽力了，谁来救救我，为什么改好了一保存，就又傻逼了
！！！

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-14 10:33

感觉自己挖的坑，自己得认。每次为了调格式，我都十分的心累。

思路：

A:看到Diabetes，虽然是s结尾，但不一定是复数词，从后边的its我们知道，他是一个单数次，意为糖尿病（出现判断不出单复数的时候两种情况：1找未划线部分是否有代词提示2 看是否有冠词，猜：一般有冠词的是单数，无关词的猜复数，但是各种病的名词除外），

B: rank 不能修饰单数主语Diabetes; only错误地修饰surpassed，而没有修饰by heart disease，错

C: ranks 可以用动词表达，就别用名词形式has the rank ; only错误地修饰surpassed，而没有修饰byheart disease，错

D: are 不能修饰单数主语Diabetes ;

E: have不能修饰单数主语Diabetes ; only错误地修饰surpassed，而没有修饰by heart disease

Rank as 被看做

complication[,kɔmpli'keiʃən] n. 混乱；复杂；复杂化；[医]并发症

总结:

1. 未划线部分给出指代词单复数，提供做题信息，作为优先考虑点！！！===>回想：parallelism未划线部分给出的平行信息也要作为优先考虑点！！

副词要紧邻其修饰的对象，两种情况：

A) 不要把副词放在动词或其他成分前，而是要放在副词想限定修饰的成分前

B) 不要把副词与名词放在一起，而远离了其修饰的形容词等

2. Prefer a verb. VAN===> Verb > Adjective(adverb)>Noun 简洁

3. 副词的修饰位置：even修饰比较级时，放在比较级之前。ever放在助动词之后。only、first放在被强调的成分之前，alone放在被强调的成分之后。

7. The intricate structure of the compound insect eye, havinghundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientists haveassumed that it evolved independently of the vertebrate eye.

(A) having hundreds ofminiature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientists have assumed thatit

(B) having hundreds ofminiature eyes that are called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists haveassumed that they

(D) with its hundredsof miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain scientists' assuming that it

(E) called ommatidia,helps explain why scientists have assumed that it

思路：主谓一致，独立主格

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-14 10:36
加油吧，骚年们，语法赶快练起来。

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-16 15:37

A having 的动作发出者为structure，help应为单数

B having 的动作发出者为structure，

C that are called 应省略为called，one’s doing 不佳，they为it

D help为单数

E 正确

8. In late 1997, thechambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed tovisitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by tourists, whichraised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing onthe walls.

(A) due to moistureexhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt fromthe stone was crystallizing

(B) due to moisturethat tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such levels that

salt from the stone would crystallize

such that saltfrom the stone would crystallize

(D) because ofmoisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels so high as to make the salt from thestone crystallize

(E) because moistureexhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that saltfrom the stone was crystallizing

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-18 13:50

看在我每次都花这么多时间，认真编辑的份上，大家的语法一定要进步哟！

思路：

A选项，its指代复数名词chambers不对，而且dueto 没有because好，因果关系不明确。Dueto 后面需要加直接原因；such levels so that 连用错误

B: its指代复数名词chambers不对，而且due to 没有because好，因果关系不明确; the stone would crystallize不平行，…and fungus was growing…；raising修饰有歧义，有伴随colsed的嫌疑；

C: the stone would crystallize…and fungus was growing不平行； them好像指代了tourists，因为tourists在主语的位置上；such that错误，such 不能直接加that; were exhaling有错误~不是过去时里面持续发生的一种状态，不需要用were doing的形式来表示，表达的是旅客过去一直在呼出湿气，到现在还没结束。

D: because of不能清晰的表达原因，后面需要加直接原因；because of sth. doing (because of doing)肯定是不如because从句的，法律法规除外，because of laws doing 可以；make thesalt from the stone crystallize andfungus was growing…不平行；them好像指代了tourists

E:bingo ; because后面可以加繁杂的句子，且不必是造成结果的直接原因。Because中的句子可以更好的体现一系列的事情，适用于表达繁琐的内容时。 过去完成时合理的表达了 在chambers被关之前，这个湿度就已经产生了；

疑问：为什么CD中的them好像指代了tourists，E中的没歧义；

回答：E中在修饰语中的代词不能修饰另外一个修饰语中的名词，优先指代主句主语

总结：

1. 划线部分和未划线部分用and连接，此时高度注意；一定考平行；

2. 句末未划线部分有平行提示，一定作为优先判断选项对错的点！！！！

3.because,because of, in that, due to:的比较

A) because后面可以加繁杂的句子，且不必是造成结果的直接原因。Because中的句子可以更好的体现一系列的事情，适用于表达繁琐的内容时。

B) becauseof后面一般接简单的名词，但是名词也可以有其修饰语。但是，because of sth. doing (because of doing)肯定是不如because从句的。而且because of后面这个东西应该是直接原因。 C) due to后面只接简单的名词结构，且是结果句的直接原因。due to一般不能放在句首，due to得结合结果句来看其是否正确，所以一般较恶心。

D) in that:不同于because，in that更强调“二者不同的地方在哪里”，而because则强调的是一个事物的原因是什么。

Similar=like，different from=unlike，但是similar to和different from一般不可放在句首

9. In 1979 lack of rain reduced India's rice production toabout 41 million tons, nearly 25 percent less than those of the 1978 harvest.

(A) less than those ofthe 1978 harvest

(B) less than the 1978harvest

(D) fewer than 1978

(E) fewer than that of India's 1978 harvest

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-18 13:56
大家有感觉有帮助吗，有建议的留言提出哟

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-21 12:34

我就知道一保存格式就会变化，醉了醉了，我就不厌其烦的再编辑一下了~

思路：

Logical predication;Diction

The crucial part ofthis sentence is the latter part, where India's 1979 production of 42 milliontons of rice is compared to the production of the previous year. What wasproduced in 1979 was 25 percent less than what was produced in 1978. Thegrammatical means of comparison have to express correctly this relationshipbetween the two harvests. It helps if you think of 41 million tons of rice asthe collective equivalent of the 1979 harvest.

waterblue01@cd：这道题的关键是 harvest不仅是收获的意思，还有产量的意思。

to about 41 milliontons完全是补充修饰production的。

因此这里 rice production和harvest的比较是完全对等的。

那么rice production在前面做宾语，比较自然后面直接跟比较的名词就可以了。

另外rice production不可数，因此用less。

A选项 This version exhibits redundant wordchoice. The pronoun those refers to thetons of the 1978 harvest. Both harvests are measured in tons, and it is cleanerand simpler to compare with the harvest itself, not with the tons of theharvest.

B Bingo，比较完美，less恰当。

C 选项比较对象双方逻辑不对等

D 比较对象逻辑双方不对等；比较对象riceproduction不可数，不能用fewer，应该用less

E比较对象rice production不可数，不能用fewer，应该用less；Furthermore, the pronoun that refers backto India's rice production [fewer than the rice production of lndia's 1978harvest] and is redundant.The word harvest is sufficient here to express thecomparison.

10. Thewidely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in anexplosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expandingever since.

(A) that the universebegan in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding

(B) that the universehad begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and had

been expanding

(D) the beginning ofthe universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago thatis expanding

(E) the universe tohave begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has beenexpanding

作者: uniquegino 时间: 2016-11-22 03:23
10. A
(為什麼這樣好貼看不到大家回復呢)

作者: 中东狗 时间: 2016-11-23 08:55
我每天都在看楼主的发帖的，希望楼主能坚持下去哦

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-23 14:06

uniquegino 发表于 2016-11-22 03:23
10. A
(為什麼這樣好貼看不到大家回復呢)

天啦，太感动了，么么哒，我又有动力了

我一定坚持搞！！

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-23 14:07

中东狗发表于 2016-11-23 08:55
我每天都在看楼主的发帖的，希望楼主能坚持下去哦

嗯嗯，会坚持的，么么哒~

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-23 14:22

虽然今天上海温度陡降，仿佛一下子进入了冬天，

但我今天受到了鼓励诶，真是好开心，我一定会坚持做下去的。

要杀G的筒子们加油吧，最近又换库了，哎呀，心疼大家

思路：

A;BINGO，Comma+连词(for, and, nor, but, or, yet,so) 若省略主语，一般不要逗号

B选项，过去完成时ago 一般过去时的标志began一般不用 完成时 。Ever since 现在完成时的标志

C选项，把原来和began并列的has been expanding变成了从属结构；同时，that has expanded的that修饰instant，不合逻辑。

D选项，将并列变成了从属；宾语从句that尽量不省略； the beginning of the universe不能is expanding，that 跳过修饰成分直接修饰beginning ，不合逻辑；) the beginning of theuniverse to have been 不直接并且啰嗦

E选项，宾语从句that不能省略；因为 to have begun 和has been expanding 都以 the universe为主语，所以必须平行。否则平行就变成了The widely accepted big bang theory holds ….and has beenexpanding 这个宇宙大爆炸理论一直在扩张，不合逻辑

总结：：

1.A选项，began和has expanding可以平行。因为有各自的时间状语ago和even since，在这种情况下，有专门的时间状语平行可以另当别论

2.不要随意把从句改为平起平坐的主句，反之亦然。要看作者在两个句子中，暗含到底是什么逻辑关系，如果A项合理，则不能改 ==>E.g 如果是对比，当然是but连接两个句子。如果是限定修饰当然是从句。

Comma+连词(for, and,nor, but, or, yet, so) 若省略主语，一般不要逗号

3. 时态提示词：区分一般过去时和现在完成时的时态词：

A)一般过去时：ago, in the past,previously, in XXX, originally,initially,previously

B)现在完成时：ever since,in/within/during +the last/past/first/recent XXX

注意，since不能加时间段，只能是具体时间 since 1990

11. Like the idolizationaccorded the Brontes and Brownings, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are

often subjectedto the kind of veneration that blurs the distinction between the artist and the

humanbeing.

(A) Like theidolization accorded the Brontes and Brownings,

(B) As the Brontes’and Brownings’ idolization,

(D) As it is of theBrontes and Brownings,

(E) Like the Brontesand Brownings,

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-25 14:12

思路：

A：idolization和JJ and V W不可比

B：as作为连词，表比较要引起一个句子，加名词表“作为……”；同样的，idolization和JJ and VW不可比

C：that和人不可比，并且that指代有歧义

D it指代对象有歧义；同样it和两位作家不可比；As it is of the 啰嗦

E 正确；

Veneration 崇拜

idolization 偶像化，盲目崇拜

be subjected to 受到，遭受

blur vt.涂污；使…模糊不清；使暗淡；玷污vi. 沾上污迹；变模糊 n. 污迹；模糊不清的事物

distinction[dis'tiŋkʃən] n. 差别；区别；特性；荣誉

总结： like vs as

Like 是一个介词，因此like后面只能跟名词， 代词或者名词短语

不能跟句子或者介词短语

LIKE her brother. AY. Raced the test 这里like +名词短语

LIKE swimming.，skiing is great exercise 特殊情况 like+ing分词 正确形式

Right: Frank's build. LIKE his brother's, is broad andmuscular

Right: Frank's build. LIKE that of his brother， is broad and muscular

Right: Frank. LIKE his brother. has a broad and muscularbuild

Wrong: I like to run through forests more than I enjoy walkingthrough crowds

错误，结构不平行

As 既是介词，又是连词，

连词时：后面可以跟句子,也可以跟介词短语表比较。

介词时：表示列举，只能用as,不能用like

如果比较对象是两个名词，用like；如果表列举用as

12.

Carnivorous mammalscan endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because

they havea heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.

(A)which kept

(B) thatkeeps

(C)which has kept

(D) thathas been keeping

(E)having kept

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-28 10:07

思路：.

A which 不能引导限定性定从；can等情态动词，表示external things,要结合一般现在时使用。 一般事实，需用一般现在时

B: bingo

C which 不能引导限定性定从；一般事实，需用一般现在时

D：一个一般事实，需用一般现在时

E: Having dong 不能做后置定于修饰名词

otherwise ['ʌðəwaiz] adj. 另外的；其他方面的adv.否则；另外；在其他方面

总结： Having done

A) having done和having been done都不是动名词结构，因此不能充当名词成分！

所以SC中，如果这两个结构做主语、宾语等，必错！

B) having done和having been done做后置定语（限定型），必错！

having done做后置定语，一般都要改成相应的定语从句

having been done做后置定语，一般都要改成相应的done做过去分词，或者改成定语从句

C) having done和having been done用于“with独立主格”中必错！

指with+ sb./sth+ havingdone/having been done这种情况

D)having done可以做非限定性修饰，不能做限定性修饰。

E) having done短语中所表达的内容发生在主句动作之前

F) When/after +having done 结构一定错 ; 详见prep1 Q188

13. There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively

used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air

drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar.

(A) the forming ofbricks out of mud or clay, and, after somepreliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid

(B) forming the mud orclay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to laythem

(D) to form the mud orclay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sundrying, to lay them

(E) that bricks wereformed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun

drying, were laid

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-28 10:20
每一次修改了保存过后，格式都会不一样，简直每次仿佛在游戏....

呵呵

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-30 16:15

A:. the most extensively used method has been …and they arelaid …. 从结构上说主动和被动不平行；逻辑上也不平行； they 不能很清晰的指代到bricks

B：选项，forming和to lay不平行

C选项，havingbrick formed和they were laid, 从结构上说主动和被动不平行； ；同时被动显得罗嗦；were 时态错应该是现在时，因为描述的是现在的method

D : the way to do sth isto do 这样的结构一定保留,很好的平行

E选项，which想指代bricks，但是语法上which不能跳跃谓语指代主语；were 时态错

总结：

1.识别平行，A,B and C等类似结构。平行对象可能是多种形式：谓宾，介宾，that从句，to do等，但只需保证，所有平行项都是一种形式即可。（that从句补出that，介宾平行补出介词）

2. which：which倾向于指代裸奔的名词，或者在<核心词+简单修饰语>结构中，它可以跳过简单修饰语去指代核心词。但是，which绝对不可以在SVO结构中跳过V去指代主语；which在句尾指代意群结构时，也显得很awkward；需要用同位语替代

14. Rising inventories, when unaccompanied correspondingly byincreases in sales, can lead to

productioncutbacks that would hamper economic growth.

(A) when unaccompaniedcorrespondingly by increases in sales, can lead

(B) when notaccompanied by corresponding increases in sales, possibly leads

(D) if not accompaniedby correspondingly increased sales, possibly leads

(E) if not accompanied bycorresponding increases in sales, can lead

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-11-30 16:17
每次自己都要认认真真的回答每一道题，码字码半天，感觉没有一杯一点点，我是扛不下去的。。

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-2 13:38

释义： 如果没有被相应的销量上的增长所伴随，那么正在增加的库存将会导致一个生产上的缺陷，其会抑制经济增长

思路：

A: not accompany 比unaccompany 表达更符合习惯；when从句一般不和有像can这样标永恒的情态动词搭配使用；Correspondingincrease是相应的增长,correspondingly by 是相应地被伴随

根据逻辑判断应该是前者

B risinginventories和leads 主谓遥远要一致

C :not accompany 比unaccompany 表达更符合习惯；were不能和后面的can搭配，时态不一致

D: rising inventories和leads 主谓遥远要一致；固定搭配 increase in sth 而不是 increased sth

E : bingo

总结：

1.副词or形容词？===>看这个词想要修饰的是什么。

2. when从句和if从句不同：when从句强调一个时间点，而if从句更强调一个条件。【when从句挺遭鄙视的】特别的，如果主句包含can这样表“永恒”的词，不要用when从句

3. HelpingVerb不能随便替换 (即may, will, must, should, can等词不要随意替换，它们各自传达了不同的obligation)

4. can等情态动词，表示eternal things,要结合一般现在时使用。

15. Many experts regarded the large increase in credit cardborrowing in March not as a sign that households were pressed for cash and forcedto borrow, rather a sign of confidence by households that they could safelyhandle new debt.

(A) rather a sign ofconfidence by households that they could safely

(B) yet as a sign ofhouseholds' confidence that it was safe for them to

(D) but as a sign thathouseholds were confident they could safely handle new debt.

(E) but also as a signthat households were confident in their ability safely to

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-5 15:38

思路：

Idiom; Logicalpredication; Parallelism

The structure of thissentence expresses negation and affirmation: Many experts regarded X not as asign that Y, but as a sign of Z. The idiomatic choice of words for thisconstruction should involve two clauses introduced by not as ... , but as... Itis also important to connect logically the adjective confident with the noun it

Waterblue01@cd:本题是not... But…平行结构,所以前面是not as 后面最好也是but as。一步秒杀。

A Theidiomatic choice of words to express the negation of one clause and theaffirmation of another is not as...but as... The affirmed clause is incorrectly introduced by rather. Furthermore,the preposition by does not express the idea that households are confident. Theplacement of the restrictive clause that they could safely handle new debtafter households could also cause confusion.

应该用but as，而且confidence by households用法错误，后面的限定性定语从句修饰歧义

B Theidiomatic choice of words to express the negation of one clause and theaffirmation of another is not as...but as... The affirmed clause is incorrectlyintroduced by yet as. The wording it was safe for them [households] to handlenew debt changes the intended meaning, making the households less clearly anagent in the handling.

Yet错误同A，后面的that从句改变了原句的意思，使得houselold并不像是handle new bedt的动作发出者。

C Theidiomatic choice of words to express the negation of one clause and theaffirmation of another is not as...but as... The affirmed clause is incorrectlyintroduced by but without the as. Furthermore, the preposition by does notexpress the idea that households are confident.

But 错误同A，confidence by households错误同A

D bingo

E Theuse of the word also is misleading here. If the first embedded clause isnegated, the affirmed second clause cannot also be true. In addition, in theirability, while expressing the same idea as could, is redundant and safely tohandle is awkward; the wording in (D) is superior.

But also错误同A，in their ability没有could 简练，而且后面就显得awkward。

16. A surgein new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the

economy might not beas weak as some analysts previously thought.

(A) claims suggestthat the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought

(B) claims suggeststhat the economy might not be so weak as some analysts have previously

thought

some analysts

(D) claims, suggestingabout the economy that it might not be so weak as previously thought by

some analysts

(E) claims, suggestingthe economy might not be as weak as previously thought to be by some analysts

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-7 13:42

思路：

A: as thought习惯性省略，白勇语法P12

B：选项，and可以连接两个名词组成复数主语，谓语不能是单数的suggests; 同级比较，as ….as 固定搭配,

SO adj as 错误; previously 用一般过去式

C选项， the economy havebeen previously thought…have应该为单数，并且被动语态啰嗦; previously 用一般过去式

D,成分残缺 ，缺少谓语。句子结构：A surge…anda drop…, suggesting…(缺少谓语)

E: 成分残缺,缺少谓语 ; suggest后 引导宾从的that 不能省略；to be 多余，as sb thought习惯性省略，白勇P12

总结：

1.主动语态>被动语态，尤其是前面一句话已经是被动语态的时候;

此外，定语从句一般用主动而非被动 被动语态一些注意事项:

A)动词只能是be动词，不能是类似got等词

B)不及物动词没有被动形式

C)用by来接动作的发出者，用through/because of接方式或方法

D)有时候被动语态是可以接受的==>为了保证平行；为了保证冒号的正确运用

2. 时态提示词：区分一般过去时和现在完成时的时态词：

A)一般过去时：ago, in the past, previously, inXXX, originally,initially,previously

B)现在完成时：ever since, in/within/duringthe last/past/first XXX

注意，since不能加时间段，只能是具体时间

17.Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, arevisible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted onthe Sun’s poles or equator.

(A) are visible asdark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on

(B) are visible asdark spots that never have been sighted on thesurface of the Sun

(D) appearas dark spots on the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at

(E) appear as darkspots on the Sun’s surface, which have never been sighted on

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-9 13:15

思路：.

A: BUT 转折的平型结构 Sunspots arevisible as …. but have never beensighted on….

B选项，that从句扭曲了原意，随意去掉了转折关系，转折是很常见的一种逻辑，如果作者有转折（还暗含对比）的意味，请保留；注意尾三词和未划线部分…on the surface of the Sun the Sun’s…结构混乱；

that never have been sighted 错误的修饰了dark spots

C : although引导的从句没有主语和完整的谓语，这里sighted不是谓语,although的省略一般只位于句首，或在主语与谓语之间来修饰主语，若句子+although 不要省略

D选项，although引导的从句没有主语和完整的谓语；although的省略一般只位于句首，或在主语与谓语之间来修饰主语，若句子+although 不要省略

E选项，which从句改变了原意 ,转折是很常见的一种逻辑，如果作者有转折（还暗含对比）的意味，请保留；Sun’s surface,很挫的所有格搭配，无生命的从属关系一般用n1 of n2; have never been sighted错误的修饰了dark spots

总结：

1.转折是很常见的一种逻辑。如果作者有转折（还暗含对比）的意味，请保留。

句子中有转折的意味，不要改变这种转折。常见改变错误有：

A) 句尾V-ing，变成伴随

B)独立主格，表伴随任何改变都是不对的！

C)后半句变为定语从句

2.although的省略：although的省略一般只置于句首，或插在【主句主语和谓语之间】，来修饰主语。如果变

为【主句,although】从句的形式，although从句就不要省略的好。

18. Warning that computers in the United Statesare no secure, the National Academy of Sciences has urge the nation to revampcomputer security procedures ，institute new emergency response teams, creatinga special nongovernment organization to take charge of computer securityplanning.

(A)creating a special nongovernment organization to take

(B)creating a special nongovernment organization that takes

(C)creating a special nongovernment organization for taking

(D) andcreate a special nongovernment organization for taking

(E) andcreate a special nongovernment organization to take

作者: WHATDOYOUWANT 时间: 2016-12-10 08:57
我会仔细看的

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-12 15:03
温暖宝宝越来越多了，hh，有在看帖子的亲们，偶尔发言鼓励一下，好吗？
我以为这个帖子要沉了

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-12 15:11

思路：句子的意思，

National Academy of Sciences has urge thenation去做3样事情

To revamp…institute…and create…

A:creating 和前面两项不平行，而且需要and.

B:creating 和前面两项不平行，而且需要and.；因为这个organization 还不存在，所以that takes 时态错误；to take 表目的不能随便改成定从，而且 to take 的发出者是organization

C:creating 和前面两项不平行，而且需要and.；for taking 表目的不符合习惯

D:for taking 表目的不符合习惯

E:平型结构 to take 的发出者是organization

Institute vt制定，创立 n 学会，协会

总结：反向考点：本来三个平行项，作者经常会把第三个改为V-ing，一般不对。因为，如果这样改，第二项前应该有and连接改动后的平行项===>任何平行结构，最后一项前都会有and

总结：平行中，辅助动词(to, be动词，情态动词)若省略，要么从第二项全省，要么一个都别省

19. A pioneer journalist, Nellie Bly's exploits included circling the globe faster than Jules Verne's fictionalPhileas Fogg.

(A) A pioneerjournalist, Nellie Bly's exploits included

(B) The exploits ofNellie Bly, a pioneer journalist, included

(D) Included in thepioneer journalist Nellie Bly's exploits are

(E) The pioneerjournalist's exploits of Nellie Bly included

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-14 14:55

思路：同位语

Ajournalist的同位语为NellieBly's exploits错误

B正确

C改变原句结构

D同C

E同C

重要20. Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in theJuly–September quarter more than doubled that of the 1.4percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.

(A) that personalspending in the July–September quarter more than doubled that of

(B) that personal spending in the July–September quarter would more than double

(D) of personalspending in the July–September quarter more than doubling that of

(E) of personalspending in the July–September quarter, that it would more than double that of

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-16 11:45

思路：

A: that 指代personal spending ，带入之后发现多余; doubled 时态错误，只是预测，还没发生；expectations表达将来预测的含义，用同位语从句更能体现时态的精准，而且需要使用虚拟 would ；

B: correct；Would在这里表示expectation的内容没有实现。个人的花费在7到9月份的，将会使前几个季度的个人花费的1.4%的增长率变成两倍多，这里double是动词！

C.that不引导非限定性定语从句；整个句式awkward，that为同位语从句引导词与of平行共同修饰expectations，其实没有必要先说一遍topic再接着详述，像B一样直接详述即可；

D: Of短语无法明确表明expectations的核心内容，应该用同位语从句；句子结构不简洁，并且意思没有B清晰

E:that不引导非限定性定语从句，；，that为同位语从句引导词与of平行共同修饰expectations，其实没有必要先说一遍topic再接着详述，像B一样直接详述即可；

总结：

保留对位指代的that of,去除没必要的that of

1优先选择一个that从句而不是介词短语的先行词: hypothesis, idea, hope,expectation, suggestion, belief, discovery, evidence, indication, and report==> that是同位语！

2限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句--from海词

一，限制性定语从句：

限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有that,which,whom,who,whose以及关系副词when,where等，没有明显的逗号把从句与主语分开，表达的意思为被修饰词的一个定语。

例句：

Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting?

Where is the book which I bought this morning?

二，非限制性定语从句：

作用相当于一种插入语或者对先行词的一种解释，和先行词之间只有比较松散的关系，文字中常常用逗号将其与主句分开，用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似，只是不能用that做修饰词。

例句：

This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet.

English is an important subject, which every students shouldstudy well.

The building, in front of which sat a boy, was a school.

21. Thecommission has directed advertisers to restrict the use of the word “natural” to foods that do notcontain color or flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or nothing thathas been synthesized.

(A) or nothing that has been

(B) or that has been

(D) or anything that has been

(E) and anything

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-19 15:16

思路：

A nothing和not 造成双重否定，此时应该用anying

B that指代了food , 语法和逻辑都不合理；并且flavor additives, chemical preservatives,中间应该有连词

C and和or 意思不同，根据逻辑应该是or，这种天然的食物不包含三个中的任意一种

D bingo

E and和or 意思不同，根据逻辑应该是or，这种天然的食物不包含三个中的任意一种

总结：关于否定句：

A) not和nothing会造成双重否定，要注意，此时应跟anything

B) 否定句中， not caused by A,B and C (意味不是由A,B,C的组合而引起的) 而 not caused by A, B or C(意味着不是由A或B或C任何一个引起的)

22. Plantsare more efficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi, in the form of carbon dioxide, and converting it toenergy-rich sugars.

(A) Plants are moreefficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi,

(B) Plants are moreefficient at acquiring carbon than fungi,

(D) Plants, moreefficient than fungi at acquiring carbon,

(E) Plants acquirecarbon more efficiently than fungi,

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-21 15:02

思路：

A同位语就近修饰了名词fungi in the form …..不合逻辑

B:比较对象有歧义 ，carbon than fungi, ，好像在说 植物吸收碳比吸收fungi更有效，改变了原意；这里主语比较最好补出谓语动词，如果是介宾短语比较那最好补出介词；; 同位语就近修饰了名词fungi in the form …..不合逻辑

C:bingo！ 正确的比较形式 ，避免了歧义； 将介宾 部分放到了 两个主语比较之后，因为这里是主谓比较，没有宾语，所以可以不用补出are;

D：选项， 成分残缺，没有动词。

E：比较对象错误 ，好像在说 植物吸收碳比吸收fungi更有效，改变了原意；这里主语比较最好补出谓语动词； ，

同位语就近修饰了名词fungiin the form …..不合逻辑 ； acquire 和 未划线部分的converting不平行

总结：句末未划线部分有平行提示，一定作为优先判断选项对错的点！！！！

同位语:

A)修饰前方紧邻名词，一般不会出现跳跃结构【a phenomenon这样抽象的同位语指代整句句意除外】，但可以指代前方紧邻的整个名词短语 B)a phenomenon这样的同位语，优于which这个破介词，尤其当指代前面整句话时

C)同位语双方一定要是可以同位的结构

补充：同位语的数可以和被修饰的东西数不一致，但主句谓语仍要和主句主语一致，不和同位语一致。

23. The Iroquois were primarily planters, but supplementing their cultivation ofmaize, squash, and beans with fishing and hunting.

(A) but supplementing

(B) and hadsupplemented

(D) although theysupplemented

(E) but withsupplementing

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-23 11:22

思路：翻译：易洛魁族人主要以耕种为主,尽管他们也以鱼猎来补充他们玉米,南瓜,豆子.的耕种

A:but 链接一个分词 和一个句子，不平行 ； The Iroquois were primarily planters，这里面的were是系动词。而but the Iroquois were supplementing这里面的were是助动词.两个were功能不同，不可共用，后面那个were不可以省略。而且就算这么补了，时态确实也不对,weresupplementing表示他们的补充行为到现在还没结束 ；

B 原文含有一个转折的概念，不能随便去掉或者换掉；如果主句和分句主语相同，并且以and ,but ,before等连接，如果句子逻辑上存在先后顺序，主从句都用一般过去时即可，不必用过去完成时了强调这种先后顺序。除非有明确的时间标志词表达先后顺序。

C：and even though 两个连词，后面要两个动词，这里句子残缺

D： bingo ，一般过去时的平行，逻辑合理；

E：的but with连用，awkward，这里不是介词的平行 ； but是连词，连接句子和介词短语 ，不平行

总结：用and/but连接的句子，一般不用改变时态，这里并不强调时序动作。

同理，相同主语的两个动作用and/but连接，不必改变时态。除非有明确的时间标志词表达先后顺序

宗旨是，如果不需要强调时序，就不要用过去完成时。

24. Ascontrasted with the honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting repeatedlywithout dying and carries a potent venom that can cause intense pain.

(A) As contrasted withthe honeybee,

(B) In contrast to thehoneybee’s,

(D) Unlike that of thehoneybee,

(E) Unlike thehoneybee,

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-26 16:14

思路：此题单纯的考比较和 idiom ,真实考试时不会有这样的弱弱题

A :As contrasted with 不是习语：习语是in contrast to/with X ,Y。。。。。 X Y 需可比

B：honeybee’s和the yellow jacket不能比较

C:string和the yellowjacket不能比较

D:THAT无指代对象；.that ofthe honeybee和the yellowjacket

E:unlike 一般都是出现在句首表比较

potent ['pəutənt] adj. 有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的

总结：

1.标准书面语中，like/unlike后只加名词(不一定具体名词)表比较，不能加不定式短语,分词短语(prep 1-54 unlike cooking withspeices错),句子或介短。（后面接这些东西的时候unlike要改为whereas等等）。

2.like/unlike是严格的硬梆梆比较，比较对象必须严格对等，中间不能插入任何成分比如介词短语

25. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledgeover the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth toadulthood, are now drawing solidconclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.

(A) Neuroscientists,having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brainand its development from birth to adulthood, are

(B) Neuroscientists,having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development frombirth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are

(C) Neuroscientistsamassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth toadulthood over the past twenty years, and are

(D) Neuroscientistshave amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brainand its development from birth to adulthood,

(E) Neuroscientistshave amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brainand its development from birth to adulthood,

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-28 13:21

思路：

A:bingo ; having dong 被逗号隔开后可以作定语修饰名词，无逗号不行；需要清晰的看清两句的因果关系，通过having amassed ,导致了Neuroscientists are now drawing。Having done发生在主句动作之前；如果产生了时间断层，绝对不可能伴随动作。【也应注意，出现过去和现在的情况，重点肯定是在现在的情况上】

B选项，having…只是一个形容词性的部分，没有和and are相对应的第一个并列的谓语;；over the past twenty years错误的修饰了adults

C选项，同B，没有和and are并列的动词；over the past twenty years 错误的修饰了adults；

D选项now drawing在这里不能做伴随，出现了时间断层；不可能变积累知识，边归纳结论。肯定是积累了一定的知识以后归纳出来的结论，在过去十年积累知识给以后作铺垫 ; 不能做状语，那只能作定语，在这里可能做了adulthood的定语，不合逻辑 ;此外主从交换，改变了原句强调的重心

E ：have amassed 这个动作发生在 over the past twenty years ,are drawing 发生在now ,出现了时间断层，不可能一个是另一个的伴随；谓语是完成时态，那么既然已经完成了，drawing就无法再做其的伴随，所以只剩下做定语的功能，作adulthood的定语；状语over the past twenty years 位置笨拙，要么提到句首去，要么像 A一样；

总结：

此题如果把A选项的 having 放在主句之后，错误！因为这里是做定于，而不是表伴随状语！！

1.现在分词在句尾用逗号隔开，必须要注意的一点是这个结构从来都没有失去过“做定语”的功能，只是优先做状语而已，即优先修饰到前面主句的主语和谓语。

2.【, V-ing】小结：

A)逻辑主语=句子主语，此时表伴随动作

B)逻辑主语=主句全句，此时表结果状语

C)前方为主系表结构，不表伴随、不表结果，只是对前句的补充说明

如果产生了时间断层，绝对不可能伴随动作。【也应注意，出现过去和现在的情况，重点肯定是在现在的情况上】

3.having done短语中所表达的内容发生在主句动作之前

4.When havingdone 结构一定错错，因为不应该有 when。单是 Having done 就够了。Have 有很多地方与正牌动词不同，When 后就不能用 having 了。原因是 having done 是过去，而 when 是当时，所以有冲突。

26. Tropical bats playimportant roles in the rain forest ecosystem, aiding in the dispersal ofcashew, date, and fig seeds; pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mangotrees; and indirectly help produce tequila by pollinating agave plants.

(A) pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; andindirectly help produce

(B) pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; andindirectly helping to produce

(D) they pollinate banana, breadfruit, and mango trees;and indirectly help producing

(E) they pollinate banana, breadfruit, and mango trees;indirectly helping the producing of

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2016-12-30 15:13

思路：大平行。A，B，and C

A 应为helping

B 正确

C helping，且多了they，没必要

D helping

E helping to produce，动词优于名词。

27. None ofthe attempts to specify the causes of crime explains why most of the peopleexposed to the alleged causes do not commit crimes and, conversely, why so manyof those not so exposed have.

(A) have

(B) has

(D) do

(E) could

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-2 12:25

思路：.此题考平行：Alleged 所谓的 specify vt 详细列出

释义：没用任何一个去具体化犯罪动机的尝试解释到为什么大部分有所谓的犯罪动机的人没有犯罪，相反地，为什么很多没有犯罪动机的人却犯罪了。

donot commit crimes是句子的谓语，与之对应的是do，指代了commit ,省略了crimes

ABCE 形式均不对等

总结：HelpingVerbs=> do,be,have

A)如果用Helping Verbs替代主句Working Verb,被Helping Verb替代的词，一定在前句中出现过。==>即be动词对be动词, do对实意动词, have对完成时

B)有时, Helping Verb是用来替代主句中某个被强调的动词的(不是Working Verb)，此时，被替代的动词形式应该与Helping Verb一致。

C)在比较结构(或对比结构)中，时态发生变化了，后句be动词绝对不能省略。 ==>反向考点：be动词省略了，意味着前后时态一致。

28. Invirtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces theproduction of enzymes that are the organism’s trying to metabolize, orrender harmless, the chemical that is irritating it.

(A) trying tometabolize, or render harmless, thechemical that is irritating it

(B) trying that itmetabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant

(D) attempt to try andmetabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritating it

(E) attempt tometabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-4 14:55

思路：

A：当动词try 有同意名词attempt时，不用动名词形式 . trying可以用作名词，但通常很奇怪。尤其是跟在所有格后边。（OG原解释）;the chemical that is irritating it 不简洁，it 不能指代organism；

B当动词try 有同义名词attempt时，不用动名词形式 ; trying可以用作名词，但通常很奇怪。尤其是跟在所有格后边。（OG原解释）；tryingthat it metabolize, 不符合习惯， try to do 是习语

C attempt和try的意思重复了；such无指代，前面并没有出现过a chemical irritant；

D attempt和try的意思重复了 ；the chemical irritating it，不简洁， it不能指代所有格organism；

E: the chemical irritant 是形容词后置， = thechemical that is irritant ;这里or render harmless 相当于插入语；

总结：. 所有格是很挫的指代对象==>除非代词也是所有格形式。

有同义名词就不要用动名词，尤其是在所有格之后。此外，避免所有格！

29. EmilyDickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a periodbeginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyoneelse.

(A) Dickinson werewritten over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brotherand ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering

(B) Dickinson werewritten over a period that begins a few yearsbefore Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and endedshortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber

(C) Dickinson, writtenover a period beginning a few years beforeSusan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and that endsshortly before Emily’s death in 1886 and outnumbering

(D) Dickinson, whichwere written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage toEmily’s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering

(E) Dickinson, whichwere written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage toEmily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-6 19:34

思路：通读全句，大致理解意思，即：Emily Dickinson给他的sister in law写的信是outnumber(远远超过) to anyone else.

A选项，outnumbering不对。
outnumbering her letters toanyone else中的outnumber不是与谓语动词were wirtten同时发生的动作

所以不是第一种情况，也不是表示整个句子的结果。所以不能用分词形式放在句尾。 出现了时间断层，不能表伴随。outnumber这个词。不可能一边outnumber一边写吧？语义

B选项是一个平行的问题，请看题目标注begins和ended不平行;outnumber 和 were written 没有连词连接，使得outnumber显得很多余。

C： 成分残缺，无主动词； 选项还不平行beginning 和 that ends ;

D成分残缺，无主动词；ending 和beginning 无连词连接，结构混乱，；outnumbering错误的和beginning 和ending 并列修饰period.逻辑不合理

E:bingo :关于时间的信息很好的包含在两个分词修饰语中，并且修饰语用逗号隔开，结构清晰

Which修饰letters,意思合理

总结：

1.【, V-ing】小结：

A)逻辑主语=句子主语，此时表伴随动作

B)逻辑主语=主句全句，此时表结果状语

C)前方为主系表结构，不表伴随、不表结果，只是对前句的补充说明

需注意：如果产生了时间断层，绝对不可能伴随动作。【也应注意，出现过去和现在的情况，重点肯定是在现在的情况上】

2.which跳跃修饰
在前有“核心词+介词、分词等修饰结构”或者插入语的情况下，which可以跳跃修饰前面的核心词，但是如果有其他更优选项，最好不要跳跃指代

30.Paleontologists believe that fragments of aprimate jawbone unearthed in Burma and estimated at 40 to 44 million yearsold provide evidence of a crucial step along the evolutionary path that ledto human beings.

(A) at 40 to 44 millionyears old provide evidence of

(B) as being 40 to 44million years old provides evidence of

(D) to be 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of

(E) as 40 to 44 millionyears old provides evidence of what was

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-9 13:08

思路：

A: Estimate的用法一般是estimate to be +年代，时间。除非说明在哪里estimate的时候，后面estimate+at+地点，否则一般不接at

B:AS being 错误结构；主语fragments谓语动词应用复数provide;

C: estimate是修饰fragments的定语，本身不是动词，最好不要再接从句，相当啰嗦，it不能指代fragments ; 主语fragments谓语动词应用复数provide;

D:BINGO

E: Estimate的用法一般是estimate to be +年代，时间; 主语fragments谓语动词应用复数provide; what was啰嗦；

31.

Unlikethe conviction held by many of her colleagues that genes were relatively simple and static, Barbara McClintock adheredto her own more complicated ideas about how genes might operate, and in 1983,at the age of 81, was awarded a Nobel Prize for her discovery that the genes incorn are capable of moving from one chromosomal site to another.

(A) Unlike theconviction held by many of her colleagues that genes were

(B) Although many ofher colleagues were of the conviction of genes being

(D) Even though manyof her colleagues were convinced that genes were

(E) Even with many of her colleagues convinced of genesbeing

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-11 15:09

思路：这里的考点是比较

A选项，conviction和Barbara比较对象不平行

B选项，红字部分wordy（OG解释） 可以用动词表达，就不用名词形式were of the conviction，being啰嗦

C选项，红字部分的表达法awkward（OG解释）being啰嗦

D bingo:一个独立的从句开头，然后紧跟主句，清晰的做出了对比结构

E选项，Even with many of her colleagues表达不直接！with是不能随便添加的，being多余；with many of her colleagues的逻辑主语是Barbara McClintock不合理。

Adhere to 坚持

总结：contraryto 放句首，不需要比较对象平行

32. Galileowas convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics,would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly anduniformly through the water as a person standing on land.

(A) water as a

(B) water as to a

(D) water, as it wouldto the

(E) water; just as tothe

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-13 14:50

思路

A ，the same …as …平型结构，to someone 和a person 不平行

B: BINGO

C 分号的作用等同于句号，后面需要完整的主谓结构。这里没动词，并且it不能指代复数主语phenomena

D it不能指代复数主语phenomena，the same …as …结构不平行；

E：分号的作用等同于句号，后面需要完整的主谓结构。此处句子残缺

总结：

1. 连接两个句子

A)Comma+连词(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) 若省略主语，一般不要逗号 Comma+从句起始词(although,because, before, after, since, when, if, unless, that, though,while) B) Semicolon==>后面要跟完整的主谓结构；可选择加一些连接副词(therefore, however, in addition) 如下： Andrew andLisa are inseparable; therefore, we never see them apart. 再次强调，看清逻辑，是主次关系or并列分句 ==>

Right：The dam hascreated dead zones, where fish have disappeared.

Wrong:The dam has created dead zones; fish havedisappeared. (Q43)

2. 冒号的用法(Colon): 冒号前一定要是完整的句子；冒号后面可以是并列项，也可以是用于解释第一个句子的完整的句子。此外，被解释的项目应紧邻冒号，这也有时候给了被动句可乘之机。==> The rate of a reaction is affected by 3factors: A,B, and C

3. 破折号的用法(Dash)：非常灵活，一般不会有错。可以替代逗号、分号或冒号.替代冒号结构时，其并不需要被解释词一定在破折号紧前方。

33. Becausean oversupply of computer chips has sent prices plunging,the manufacturer has announced that it will cut production by closing itsfactories for two days a month.

(A) Because anoversupply of computer chips has sent prices plunging,

(B) Because ofplunging prices for computer chips, which is dueto an oversupply,

(D) Due to plungingcomputer chip prices from an oversupply,

(E) Due to an oversupply, with theresult that computer chip prices have been sent plunging,

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-16 17:15

思路：Chronological 按年代顺序排列的

A bingo; 合理的因果逻辑，和语序

B :which 跳过修饰语for 指代prices, 但is不能修饰复数prices，；句子表达的问题：时间顺序上，尽量避免逆序表达，越简单越好；because of后面一般接简单的名词，但是名词也可以有其修饰语。但是，because of sth. doing (because of doing)肯定是不如because从句的。而且because of后面这个东西应该是直接原因。

C ：which是不能指前面的一整句话的，这里which无指代；computer chip prices have been sent plunging被动语态啰嗦，动作的发出者不明；并且时间顺序混乱

D ：倒叙的描述具有迷惑性。Due to 在gmat中不放句首

E：Due to 在gmat中不放句首； due to 和 with a result 语义重复 啰嗦。 With在这里夹心修饰，可以修饰an oversupply ,with +n+定从 修饰前面紧邻的名词，作非限定性修饰，此时不是独立主格 ; 也可以修饰manufacturer，做主句的伴随状语；computer chip priceshave been sent plunging被动语态啰嗦，动作的发出者不明

总结：

1. A)because后面可以加繁杂的句子，且不必是造成结果的直接原因。Because中的句子可以更好的体现一系列的事情，适用于表达繁琐的内容时。

B) because of后面一般接简单的名词，但是名词也可以有其修饰语。但是，because of sth. doing (because of doing)肯定是不如because从句的。而且because of后面这个东西应该是直接原因。 C) due to后面只接简单的名词结构，且是结果句的直接原因。due to一般不能放在句首，due to得结合结果句来看其是否正确，所以一般较恶心。

D) in that:不同于because，in that更强调“二者不同的地方在哪里”，而because则强调的是一个事物的原因是什么。

2.句子表达的问题： 时间顺序上，尽量避免逆序表达，越简单越好

Similar=like，different from=unlike，但是similar to和different from一般不可放在句首

34. Beyondthe immediate cash flow crisis that the museum faces, its survival depends onif it can broaden its membership and leave its cramped quartersfor a site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 artifacts.

(A) if it can broadenits membership and leave

(B) whether it canbroaden its membership and leave

(D) its ability forbroadening its membership and leaving

(E) the ability for itto broaden its membership and leave

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-17 15:53

思路：释义： 超出了博物馆所面临的直接的现金流危机，塌的存货依靠是否它能扩大会员数量，并且离开这个狭窄的区域到一个他可以储存和展示多余12000件工艺品的地方

A介词后接名词性从句表”是否”时，只接whether，不接if ，因为if 有歧义：如果or是否

B:bingo; 保持动词平行；depend on whether 习语

C: whether or not 啰嗦；it has the capabilityto 啰嗦

D :abilityfor doing 错误结构

E：the ability for it 啰嗦 ability for sb to do 错误！ Ability of sb to do 正确（不过也啰嗦）应该用更简洁的be able todo .

cramped [kræmpt] file:///C:/Users/TANSHU~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg详细»v. 用夹钳夹；约束（cramp的过去分词）adj. 狭窄的；难懂的；难辨的

quarters 地区，住处

35. By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeenofficial national and international speed records, and she earned them at atime when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to beof dangerously experimental design.

(A) and she earnedthem at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flewto be

(B) earning them at atime that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be

(D) earned at a timein which aviation was still so new such that many of the planes she flew were

(E) earned at a timewhen aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-19 16:20

思路：分词修饰。

A 错误在于：for在这里是because的意思，对when后面进行分析发现，aviation was still sonew for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design。 For后面的分句没有动词 planes to be ofdangerously experimental design。所以错。

B 现在分词在逗号后面，优先做状语修饰谓语，主语为原句主语。错误同A。at a time when是固定搭配

C these不能单独指代，at a time when是固定搭配。

D 过去分词在逗号后修饰逗号前名词。at a time when是固定搭配。Such that使用错误。

E 正确

36. Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday, the strong retail salesfigures released today seem like it is indicative that the economy, althoughgrowing slowly, is not nearing a recession.

(A) like it isindicative that

(B) as if to indicate

(D) indicative of

(E) like an indicationof

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-23 13:55

思路：seem的用法1.seem to do 2.it seems that 3 .it seems as if +从句: although在这里插在主语和谓语之间，修饰主语，这是although 的特殊的省略现象

A：seem like错误；like 后面不能跟句子 ; it 不能指代sales figures

B: it seems as if +从句

C: bingo ;

D:介词 后面不能引起一个句子

E: seem like错误 ;介词 后面不能引起一个句子

总结：

although的省略：although的省略一般只置于句首，或插在【主句主语和谓语之间】，来修饰主语。如果变为【主句,although】从句的形式，although从句就不要省略的好。

37. Dressedas a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first womanto draw a soldier’s pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had becometoo ill to serve.

(A) 22, was injuredthree times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become

(B) 22, was injuredthree times, while being discharged in 1783 because she had become

(D) 22, injured threetimes, and was discharged in 1783 because she was

(E) 22, having beeninjured three times and discharged in 1783, being

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-25 20:48

思路：

句子结构分析：-ed分词修,DS, 插入语, (3个动词并列) …joined…,was injured…,and was dischareg…

A: bingo: 需要找一个joined..., wasinjured..., and was discharged....的平行结构，只有此选项符合要求；使用过去完成时表明了she become too illto serve 是发生在wasdischarged in 1783之前；becauseshe become too ill to serve 就是仅修饰最后半个句子原因状从，所以作者在这里特意用逗号把后半个句子和前面区分开为了避免歧义;

B：discharged与injured时间不是发生在同一时间，使用while时间状语错误，being使用多余，while being构成了被动语态的过去进行时态，；同时破坏句子平行结构，joined 和was injured之间应该有 and;

C：discharged应该加was，因为是被动的动作，DS不是主动离开军队的: 随便去掉了原有的因果逻辑关系；being现在分词作状语修饰discharged表伴随，逻辑不合理。

D ：动词并列，injured应该用被动，前要补出was才能与joined和was discharged并列；because she was中用了一般过去时也是可以的

E: having been injured…and discharged….，being….破坏了平行结构，不能跟joined平行；having been injured表明三次受伤跟discharge 在同一年；用了havingbeen injured…and discharged做前面主句的伴随状语，表明be injured and discharged发生在joined之前，逻辑错误；and前面没有逗号隔开使得in 1783的修饰对象改变，原文是在1783年退役，现在是被伤了3次及退役都发生在1783; 随便去掉了原有的因果逻辑关系；

总结：

1.助动词在三项并列时，要么都出现，要么后面两项都省略。

这题不考时态，别因为时态纠结

2.反向考点：本来三个平行项，作者把第三个改为V-ing，一般不对。因为，如果这样改，第二项前应该有and连接改动后的平行项===>任何平行结构，最后一项前都会有and

38. Bengal-born writer, philosopher, and educatorRabindranath Tagore had the greatest admiration for Mohandas K. Gandhi theperson and also as a politician, but Tagore had been skeptical of Gandhi'sform of nationalism and his conservative opinions about India's culturaltraditions.

(A) for Mohandas K.Gandhi the person and also as a politician, but Tagore had been

(B) for Mohandas K.Gandhi as a person and as a politician, but Tagore was also

(D) of Mohandas K.Gandhi as a person and as also a politician, but Tagore was

(E) of Mohandas K.Gandhi not only as a person and as a politician, but Tagore had also been

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-27 17:38

思路：not only，but also 以及but also

A 这里as the person 和 as a politician应该是并列的，and also应该是有相同点的两项

B 正确

C not only, but also表示递进关系，这里根据意思是转折关系，且not only没有倒装，后面but also之间不能插入东西

D and also同A

E 同C

39. Althoughschistosomiasis is not often fatal, it is so debilitating that it has becomean economic drain on many developing countries.

(A) it is sodebilitating that it has become an economic

(B) it is of suchdebilitation, it has become an economical

(D) such is its debilitation,it becomes an economical

(E) there is so muchdebilitation that it has become an economical

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-1-30 16:46

思路：economic 经济的 economical 节约的 gmat常考点

A：bingo ；正确的使用so that 句型，一般出现so that 都是考点，要格外关注，而且一般就是正确选项（一般情况下不倒装，除非平行的对象也倒装）

B: comma 不能连接两个完整的句子； economic 和economical 意思不完全一样，不能随意互换

Debilitation n.衰弱，乏力稍稍的改变了点原意；it is of such debilitation啰嗦

C: 无故使用倒装语序，so …as to 一般不倒装，只用在简单的主系表结构中

D：such 一般不会单独出现；逗号不能连接两个句子；such is itsdebilitation 啰嗦; economic 和economical 意思不完全一样，不能随意互换；Debilitation n.衰弱，乏力稍稍的改变了点原意

；so that 句型荡然无存；

E: Although表转折从句和主句最好平行， 这里不合理的使用there be破换平行；there be+抽象名词，错

Debilitation n.衰弱，乏力稍稍的改变了点原意，so…that不能修饰介词短语与名词，只能修饰动作。：economic 和economical 意思不完全一样，不能随意互换

总结：固定搭配，平行对称

1. 关于so…that…与such…that…

(1)，与so…that的含义不同(prep such…that表达的是强调含义 1-131)。

(2) so…that后面不加情态动词表示结果，后面加情态动词表目的。 So 加情态动词表结果

(3) so…that不能修饰介词短语与名词，只能修饰动作。

(4) so…that用来说明做某事的目的，所以其前面应该是“做某事”，而不能是介词短语。(GWD-30-170)

(5) such + adj.+ that错误，such必须修饰名词，可以是such+adj.+noun.+that。这里such表示of a kind。

40. 1850, Lucretia Mott published her Discourse on Women, arguingin a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights and forchanges in the married women's property laws.

A.arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights

B.arguing in a treatise for equal political and legal rights for women

C.a treatise that advocates women's equal political and legal rights.

D.a treatise advocating women's equal political and legal rights.

E a treatise that argued forequal political and legal rights for women.

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-1 21:14

思路：此题语意解决比较痛快！划线内外平行就看划线外。

A ：arguing 做伴随状语不合逻辑，L出版的同时讨论着。。。。；a treatise 就是Discourse，语义重复；women 和changes 逻辑上不对等，具体名词不能跟动作性名词平行；

B：arguing做伴随状语不合逻辑，L出版的同时讨论着。。。。；a treatise 就是Discourse，语义重复；

C: 因为and 后有for ,所以前面应该有for与之平行，advocate vt.直接加宾语

D: 因为and 后有for ,所以前面应该有for与之平行，advocate vt.直接加宾语

E: bingo ； a treatise 作Discourse同位语；argued for …and for ….平行结构清晰；介词短语的平行需要补出介词，避免歧义

总结：同位语在本题题意中是优于伴随状语的。(出现同位语和ing在句尾时，靠逻辑来解题，大多说情况选同位语)

补充：-ing分词短语在句尾有两种情况（看到ing和ed都要考虑清楚）一是表伴随动作、状态、功能，与句子谓语动作同时发生，逻辑主语等与句子主语二是表伴随结果，整个句子是原因，导致分词动作产生，无逻辑主语。

识别平行，A,B and C等类似结构。平行对象可能是多种形式：谓宾，介宾，that从句，to do等，但只需保证，所有平行项都是一种形式即可。（that从句补出that，介宾平行补出介词）

42. To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have toknow a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinantsof fertility.
A. have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
B. have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social andeconomical
C. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social andeconomical
D. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social andeconomic

E. would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-6 18:04

思路：

A: 句首是to develop….. forecasts, 表示目的，是假设 的条件下，主句要用would 表达意愿.;

比较对象错误 a great deal 和now 不可比（waterblue01@cd ：now有名词形式——现在，这里有比较宾语的嫌疑）。

B: 句首是to develop 表示目的，是一种与事实相反的条件结构，主句要用would； economical 不能和economic互换

C: economical 不能和economic互换

D；bingo ； 虚拟语气，表达与现在事实相反 ； 比较对象对等 ；

E: 比较对象错误a great deal 和now 不可比；

Would 条件动词，出现在假象的条件下。

determinants offertility 生产力的决定性因素

fertility [fə'tiliti] n. 肥沃；丰饶；多产；生产力

总结：to do应是个规避的考点，太乱。但to do应有以下几个注意点：

A)to do如果要做句尾名词的形容词，不可置于句尾并用逗号把其与主句隔开

B)to do在句首，有暗指将来的意思，要考虑使用虚拟语气。

C)to do的平行结构，后几项的to可同省同留。

D)在句中，若有可以达到相同意思的主谓结构，(且句子较为复杂时)优先主谓结构，舍弃to do或介宾结构==> 因为后两者需要判断逻辑主语。

补充：to do可以做名词性成分，所以它可以做主语，宾语等。而in order to只能做状语，不能做主语。

43. Laos has aland area about the same as Great Britain but only four million inpopulation, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.

(A) about the same as Great Britain but only fourmillion in population, where many
(B) of about the same size as Great Britain is, butin Laos there is a population of only four million , and many
(C) that is about the same size as Great Britain’sland area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them
(D) comparable to the size of Great Britain, butonly four million in population, and many
(E) comparable to that of Great Britainbut a population of only four million people, many of whom

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-8 16:23

Ensconce vt.安置

思路：.考点在比较结构之中 the same as本身没有问题，但是比较对象要对等的原则一定要遵守

A:比较对象错误a landarea和GreatBritain ；where不能修饰population; many无指代

B: a land area和GreatBritain比较对象不平行；there be +抽象名词错；and many的使用使句子结构改变， OG的意思是，and过分强调了，本来属于从属地位的一下子变成和主句并列。出现people和population的时候，代词最好指代people，而非抽象population

C：them 指代不明确，因为他不能很清晰的指代介宾短语中的宾语成分people，因为此处的核心词是population; that is about …定语从句啰嗦，直接用形容词短语comparable to比较简洁; landarea的重复使用也累赘；population为抽象名词; 本身的修饰语变成了句子的主干，中心意思发生了变化。

D and many的使用使句子结构改变，本来这一句是修饰成分，现在却成了并列的主干。。Comparableto the size of Great Britain没有问题；only4 million in population表达不地道；many无所指；在正式语体里面不应该用andmany，而应该用“, many of whom”，否则割裂了many与前句的关系。出现people和population的时候，代词最好指代people，而非抽象population

E: bingo ; WHOM 很好的修饰了people； that 指代了a land area

总结：

1.出现people和population的时候，代词最好指代people，而非抽象population

2.不要随意把从句改为平起平坐的主句，反之亦然。要看作者在两个句子中，暗含到底是什么逻辑关系，如果A项符合逻辑，则不能改动==>E.g 如果是对比，当然是but连接两个句子。如果是限定修饰当然是从句。

3多个代词多个鬼，尤其是在无语义贡献的时候。在连接两个句子层次的时候，从句来的要比代词更有效。

44. The plot ofThe Bostonians centers on the rivalry between Olive Chancellor, an activefeminist, with her charming and cynical cousin, Basil Ransom, when theyfind themselves drawn to the same radiant young woman whose talent for publicspeaking has won her an ardent following.
(A) rivalry between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, with her charming andcynical cousin, Basil Ransom
(B) rivals Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, against her charming andcynical cousin, Basil Ransom
(C) rivalry that develops between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, andBasil Ransom, her charming and cynical cousin
(D) developing rivalry between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, with BasilRansom, her charming and cynical cousin
(E) active feminist, Olive Chancellor, and the rivalry withher charming and cynical cousin Basil Ransom

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-10 15:09

思路：特殊结构the rivalry between x and yor the construction the rivalsx and y. 都是正确的

Bostonians 的故事集中在这样一种敌对关系，在一个积极的男女平等主义者OliveChancellor 和它的迷人的愤世嫉俗的堂兄弟之中，当他们发现自己都深深的被同一个光芒四射的女性所吸引的时候，（此女的公共演讲能力为她赢得了热情的追随者）

A: rivalry between …with…错误，改成and ;

B: rivals A and B ; against 改成and

C : BINGO:

D：rivalry between …with…错误，改成and ;

E：active feminist 和therivalry并列，不对等，不能平行；句子的意思不明确，Olive有没有参与到竞争之中，不明确

Cynical 愤世嫉俗的

center on详细»集中在…；以…为中心

rivalry ['raivəlri] n. 竞争；竞赛；对抗

Feminist n. 男女平等主义者

45.Quasars, at billions of light-years from Earth the most distantobservable objects in the universe, believed to be the cores of galaxiesin an early stage of development.
(A) believed to be
(B) are believed to be
(C) some believe them to be
(D) some believe they are
(E) it is believed that they are

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-13 15:28

思路：at billions of light-years from Earth 在离地球数十亿光年

A选项，成分残缺，是被相信，如果省略谓语动词会被认为是ed分词作定语

B:bingo,被动语态， Q被相信是宇宙的核心

C； some 将believe当谓语了，使得quasars 没谓语； some无指代，应该指代科学家

D :some 将believe当谓语了，使得quasars 没谓语；some无指代，应该指代科学家

believe后宾语从that不能省略

E： 谓语缺失，it不能指代Quasars，并且跟they不一致

46. In ancient Thailand，much ofthe local artisans' creative energy was expended for the creation of Buddhaimages and when they constructed and decorated the temples that enshrined them.
(A)much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended for the creation ofBuddha images and when they constructed and decorated the temples thatenshrined them
(B)much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddhaimages and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they wereenshrined
(C)much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended on the creation ofBuddha images as well as constructing and decoration of the temples in whichthey were enshrined
(D)creating images of Buddha accounted for much of the local artisans' creativeenergy, and also constructing and decorating the temples enshrining them
(E)the creation of Buddha images accounted for much of the local artisans'creative energy as well as construction and decoration of the temples thatenshrined them

作者: animo666 时间: 2017-2-16 08:22
感谢分享！

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-20 16:46

animo666 发表于 2017-2-16 08:22
感谢分享！

可以我每次发过了之后，将答案留在后面呀，第二天看看自己做得对不对。。

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-20 17:01

思路：

A: expendedon 习语；第一个they逻辑上指代artisans, 但是不能清晰的指代所有格的artisan’s ,但后面的them应该指代images, 所以有歧义 ；and连接一个句子和一个when 状从，不平行；enshrine通常用被动语态

B: bingo 漂亮的平行结构 on creation….and on construction and decoration ……介词短语平行 补出介词

C ；constructing 改为construction, 有名词形式的时候 不用ing.而且要平行也要在前面加个on。; A as well as B有主次顺序，A是主要的，B是次要的，改变句意；

D:这个”and also”割裂了原来的意思。原义：工匠们的much energy是expended on 2样事情，用了and就割裂了后两项，使得constructing and decorating the temples enshrining them很多余，因为他不是个完整的句子。

E:曲解了原意 错误的将energy和construction and decoration 并列；enshrine习惯用法：enshrinein或be enshrined in (enshrine通常用被动语态)

总结：expend固定搭配：expendsth. in/on (doing) sth.

1.enshrine习惯用法：enshrine in或be enshrined in (enshrine通常用被动语态)

2.有时候被动语态是可以接受的==>为了保证平行；为了保证冒号的正确运用，所以不要看见被动就pass。

3. 识别平行，A,B and C等类似结构。平行对象可能是多种形式：谓宾，介宾，that从句，to do等，但只需保证，所有平行项都是一种形式即可。（that从句补出that，介宾平行补出介词）。

47. In 1713, Alexander Pope began histranslation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion,and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronouncedthe greatest translation in any language.

A. his translation of the Iliad, a work that,taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic SamuelJohnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced

B. his translation of the Iliad, a work thattook him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson,Pope's contemporary, pronounced

C. his translation of the Iliad, a work thathad taken seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson,Pope's contemporary, pronounced it as

D. translating the Iliad, a work that tookseven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope'scontemporary, pronounced it as

E. translating the Iliad, a work that hadtaken seven years to complete and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope'scontemporary, pronounced it

作者: Mr.Long 时间: 2017-2-21 11:53

人间烟火Sue 发表于 2017-2-20 17:01
思路：
A: expendedon 习语；第一个they逻辑上指代artisans, 但是不能清晰的指代所有格的artisan’s ,但后 ...

楼主太厉害了，能坚持这么长时间更新。
这题选B, his translation对应a work,排除DE;A 第一个that后面啥也么有；C that是指代a work，应该作为pronounced的宾语，第二个that里面it跟它作用重复了。

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-22 15:27

Mr.Long 发表于 2017-2-21 11:53
楼主太厉害了，能坚持这么长时间更新。
这题选B, his translation对应a work,排除DE;A 第一个that后面啥 ...

估计是看不过去了，熏疼我自己，终于有人来回复了，我已经自问自答很久了

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-22 15:30

Mr.Long 发表于 2017-2-21 11:53
楼主太厉害了，能坚持这么长时间更新。
这题选B, his translation对应a work,排除DE;A 第一个that后面啥 ...

因为备考期间，自己总结了许多，每一道题都认真做了总结，汇总到了一起，我希望能够分享出来，鼓励大家每日一练，不断进步

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-22 15:31

Mr.Long 发表于 2017-2-21 11:53
楼主太厉害了，能坚持这么长时间更新。
这题选B, his translation对应a work,排除DE;A 第一个that后面啥 ...

你也很厉害哟，对的呢，答案是B选项。赞！

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-22 15:37

思路：pronounce固定搭配: pronounce sb/sth sth/adj:

A:taking 的使用使得句子残缺，that后无动词，并且and前逗号多余；sth takessb sometime to do ; take sb. some timeuntil completion中，completion的动作发出者不明。

B:正确。 pronounce的宾语that已经前置，同时也说明了定语从句先行词在定从中做宾语，在考虑平行、无歧义的情况下，有时需要补出关系代词;看见and that要格外注意，此处一定有平行，马上回去找and 前的that 看指代是否相同。修a work 饰前方紧邻名词，一般不会出现跳跃结构，但可以指代前方紧邻的整个名词短语

C: that已经指代过a work 了，不能再用it 指代；pronounce it as …it多余，定语从句中，不要再出现被修饰对象或指代该词的代词。且固定搭配错误，pronounce sb/sth sth中没有as。；使用过去完成时态错误，过去完成时表达了hadtaken发生在began以前：“书在开始翻以前就被翻译好了”，很荒谬；take seven years to complete中take后面省略宾语him使得谁在complete不清楚，好像是指所有人

D: awork 作为同位语就近修饰名词Iliad不合逻辑；take后面省略宾语him使得谁在complete不清楚；until completion将take与complete的关系割裂，造成completion的动作发出者不明，同时使得前面take seven years没有意义；pronounce it as …it多余，且固定搭配错误，pronounce sb/sth sth中没有as。

E: a work作为同位语就近修饰名词Iliad不合逻辑; and 导致了不合适的强调 ；and后面并没有采用与前面that平行的方式，而是重新起了一个分句，使得句式awkward,weird&unclear。如果要从起一个新主语的句子，那and前应该有逗号; 使用过去完成时态错误，过去完成时表达了had taken发生在began以前：“书在开始翻以前就被翻译好了”，很荒谬；

总结： that从句，若是两个不同功能的that从句修饰同一对象，两个从句that应补出，且在繁杂时，第二个that从句前应有逗号。B中的第一个that充当从句的主语，第二个充当宾语

1.一般情况下，直接用动词比用名词来表达动作要好。但是，根据这道题要表达的意思，宾语同位语 a work指的是translation，如果你选d用translating的话，a work只能指向Iliad，这样意思就错了，因为Iliad不是Pope的work，他只是翻译Iliad.

2.定语从句中，不要再出现被修饰对象或指代该词的代词。

3.不要随意把从句改为平起平坐的主句，反之亦然。要看作者在两个句子中，暗含到底是什么逻辑关系，如果A项符合逻辑，则不能改动==>E.g 如果是对比，当然是but连接两个句子。如果是限定修饰当然是从句。

给你两个例子看看那个定从的结构：

Iwant to eat an apple before lunch

theapple that I want to eat before lunch

Farmerare allowed to dump the refuse in to the river

Therefuse that farmer are allowed to dump into the river

同位语:

A)修饰前方紧邻名词，一般不会出现跳跃结构【a phenomenon这样抽象的同位语指代整句句意除外】，但可以指代前方紧邻的整个名词短语

B)a phenomenon这样的同位语，优于which这个破介词，尤其当指代前面整句话时

C)同位语双方一定要是可以同位的结构

补充：同位语的数可以和被修饰的东西数不一致，但主句谓语仍要和主句主语一致，不和同位语一致。

同位结构的特征

a) 起修饰语的作用,一般用于修饰名词或名词短语；同位语解释的是整个名词，不是名短中某个词，故同位语不是核心词修饰。

b) 必须对其修饰对象具有解释力；

c) 位置：名词前或名词后，一般在修饰对象的后面；

d) 不影响主谓一致（谓语应该和主语保持一致，而不是和同位语）；

e) 同位结构中名词的数可以和其修饰对象的数不一致。

48. It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian isactually the largest lake on Earth, which covers morethan four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America'sLake Superior.

(A) It is called asea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, whichcovers

(B) Although it iscalled a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake on Earth,which covers

(D) Though called asea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, the landlocked Caspian covers

(E) Despite beingcalled a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian,covering

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-22 15:39
这个格式我真的是调得心累了，希望有在认真看的宝宝将就一下了

作者: michwang 时间: 2017-2-23 19:03
lz加油！很喜欢这个帖子和分析
我自己做题也是这样一个一个选项分析的准确率提高了很多
希望lz能坚持做
受益匪浅

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-24 15:14

michwang 发表于 2017-2-23 19:03
lz加油！很喜欢这个帖子和分析
我自己做题也是这样一个一个选项分析的准确率提高了很多
希望lz能坚持做

最近突然间受到的鼓励有点多，哈哈，我会争取坚持的。

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-24 15:15

michwang 发表于 2017-2-23 19:03
lz加油！很喜欢这个帖子和分析
我自己做题也是这样一个一个选项分析的准确率提高了很多
希望lz能坚持做

喜欢的大家都帮我顶一顶嘛，感觉没有回应我都差点放弃了~

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-24 15:18

思路：分词短语，简洁。

A 相比C，it is 多余，which covers明显累赘，现在分词优于从句。

B 同A

C 正确

D 连词多余

E despite being加的很奇怪，多余，且意思错误。

49. The automotive conveyor-belt system, which Henry Ford modeled after anassembly-line

techniqueintroduced by Ransom Olds, reduced from a day and a half to 93 minutes therequired

time ofassembling a Model T.

(A) froma day and a half to 93 minutes the required time of assembling a Model T

(B) thetime being required to assemble a Model T, from a day and a half down to 93minutes

(D) thetime required to assemble a Model T from a day and a half to 93 minutes

(E) froma day and a half to 93 minutes, the time required for the assembling of a ModelT

作者: michwang 时间: 2017-2-24 23:32

人间烟火Sue 发表于 2017-2-24 15:15
喜欢的大家都帮我顶一顶嘛，感觉没有回应我都差点放弃了~

帮你顶顶，我把你的帖子bookmark了，上班的时候没事看两道题特方便，谢谢lz

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-27 11:09

michwang 发表于 2017-2-24 23:32
帮你顶顶，我把你的帖子bookmark了，上班的时候没事看两道题特方便，谢谢lz ...

嗯嗯，感觉形成一定规律，每天积累一点，坚持下去虽然有些困难，但一定会有收获的。

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-27 11:10

michwang 发表于 2017-2-24 23:32
帮你顶顶，我把你的帖子bookmark了，上班的时候没事看两道题特方便，谢谢lz ...

哈哈哈，我也是每天空隙便琢磨着解析一道 SC题

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-2-27 11:14

思路：

A: 结构笨拙，reduce后没直接跟宾语，先跟了一个介词短语; 介词不能跟主谓结构。AE中，reduced后面应该直接接the time，而不应该接一个介词短语from...

B： being多余； reduce …..from to , 固定搭配， down和reduce 语义重复；逗号多余； increasefrom 。。。。up to 错误， up 多余

C: being多余；不合理的省略了from

D: bingo: reduced +宾语 +from ….to; require to do是正确的用法

E: 结构笨拙，reduce后没直接跟宾语，先跟了一个介词短语 ;required for the assembling 啰嗦；逗号多余，使得the time好像有作同位语的嫌疑，但是又没有同位对象

总结：

1. Require的固定搭配：(几个正确表达的优先级是一样的)

(1) Requiresb./sth. to do sth. (不定式只能用主动形式) à Require sb. doing…错误

(2) Require (of sb.) that + 原v 需要某人做某事 (要求,命令[(+of)][O2][+that])

(3) N.is required (of sb./sth.) to do sth. 某物对某人做某事来说是必须的

或N. required of sb./sth. to do. （其中required是过去分词）

(4)require doing (require主动表被动含义)：如A require making known to B. A需要被B知道

*: GMAT中出现过的错误表达：

Require of sb. to do （require of sb.后应该加that，只有require sb.和sth. is required of sb.后面才是加to do的）

Require sb. that （require 若和that搭配，则跟sb.之间要有of）

require sb. to be done （需要某人被做…逻辑错误）.

Require sb. doing…错误

require sth. Of doing

重点50.

According to some analysts, the gains in thestock market reflect growing confidence that the

economy willavoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for

a "softlanding" followed by gradual increase in the business activity.

A. that theeconomy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year andinstead

come

B. in theeconomy to avoid the recession , what many feared earlier in the year, ratherto come

C. in theeconomy's ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year manyhad feared,

and instead tocome`

D. in theeconomy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, andrather to

come

E. that theeconomy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many withit

instead coming

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-3-2 13:55

思路：分析句子结构：recession 后边的that从句是修饰recession的没有异议；that the economy will avoid…and instead (will) come in for….这一个大从句是修饰confidence

完整结构：the gains(主语)…reflect（谓语）growingconfidence(宾语) 【that the economy(从句主语)will avoid(从句谓语) the recession(从句宾语) { that …in the year 修饰recession的定语从句}and(并列词) instead (will)come(从句谓语2)…修饰confidence的定语从句】

释义：通过一些分析学家可知， 在股票市场上的收获反映了逐渐增长的信心， 即：这个经济将会避免（ 今年早期许多人非常害怕的 ）萧条时期 ，并且 反而将会迎来一个软着陆 ，（被经济活动的逐渐增长所伴随）

A: bingo;confidence 一般加that 同位语从句；Inthe year 现在完成时， early in the year 过去完成时，没有问题； 在句中，若有可以达到相同意思的主谓结构，(且句子较为复杂时)优先主谓结构，舍弃todo或介宾结构==> 因为后两者需要判断逻辑主语。

B:：confidence 一般加that 同位语从句 ；what 不能引导非限定性定从；rather是副词 后面不能加不定式；并且无连词and

C:；economy's ability to avoid 啰嗦且不合理，无生命的从属关系一般用n of no；instead 是副词，不能加to do ； Earlier in the year 应该跟在 had feared 后作状语，放在sth后就充当了sth 的定于；介词短语作状语时，要么提到句首，要么放在动词之后。

D: rather是副词 后面不能加不定式；Were fearing 表示过去一直惧怕的，到现在还没结束，不合逻辑。

E: the recession that was feared earlier this yearby many 定从一般不用被动；with it

instead coming 啰嗦，结构笨拙，把原本的并列关系 变为了 伴随；that was feared earlier this year by 定语从句避免用被动语态

总结：

来自BAT!: Rather，是副词，单独出现表转折时一般都在句首，用逗号隔开，接句子，不能接to do，也不能直接跟句子。而且一般不会单独出现

介词短语作状语时，要么提到句首，要么放在动词之后。

大家的疑问

D：The recession must be followed by that; were fearing isthe wrong tense;？

In the year 现在完成时， early in the year 过去完成时，没有问题

That 必须添加是因为是的定从的结构更加清晰，因为后面的结构比较复杂。

Were fearing 表示过去一直惧怕的，到现在还没结束，不合逻辑。

51. A new studysuggests that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk ithampers

the ability ofsome children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, the result is,to

make sense of speech.

A. it hampersthe ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and,the

result is, tomake

B.that ithampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and wordsand, as a

result, to make

C. that ithampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and wordsand, the

result of this,they are unable to make

D. that it hampersthe ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words, and

results in notmaking

E. as to hamperthe ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words, resultingin being unable to make

作者: is456 时间: 2017-3-2 15:42

，今天我来支持了。没想到可以坚持这么久。

，楼主，我会悄悄跟踪的。

，帖子不沉，加油。

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-3-3 11:52

is456 发表于 2017-3-2 15:42
，今天我来支持了。没想到可以坚持这么久。
，楼主，我会悄悄跟踪的 ...

希望大家可以努力顶一顶，好加精，让更多人参与

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-3-3 13:08

思路：Then, as a result ,in turn 都是表示前后两项平行的标志，看见要敏感，马上找平行！

A:看见SO先想到that，此处没从属连词把两个完整的主谓结构发在了一起； ability of sbfor doing 错误

改为to do; theresult is插入了个句子，不合理，后面无宾语逻辑意思也不完整。

B:bingo ;正确的平型结构 , as a result平行标志词

C: the result of this 中this 首先不能裸奔, 其次这也不是一个插入语，是一个新主语，所以需要谓语动词； they are unable to make如果想跟it hampers the ability平行的话需在前面加that；

D: results in not making错误的和 hampers平行，把make的发出者，children去掉了，不合逻辑 ;

E: SO as to 一般只用于单一的主系表结构；ability of sbfor doing 错误改为to do； make的发出者不明，句子结构复杂

总结：辅助识别平行项的几个插入词：then, as a result, in turn, thereby 这些词表示平起平坐；

52. To Josephine Baker, Paris was her home long before it wasfashionable to be an expatriate,

and sheremained in France during the Second World War as a performer and anintelligence

agent for theResistance.

(A) ToJosephine Baker, Paris was her home long before it was fashionable to be anexpatriate

(B) ForJosephine Baker, long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Paris washer home

(D) Long beforeit was fashionable to be an expatriate, Josephine Baker made Paris her home

(E) Long beforeit was fashionable being an expatriate, Paris was home to Josephine Baker

作者: is456 时间: 2017-3-3 13:11

，哥在美帝等你啊

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-3-6 10:47

is456 发表于 2017-3-3 13:11
，哥在美帝等你啊

好的，哥

作者: 人间烟火Sue 时间: 2017-3-6 10:50

思路 intelligenceagent情报特工

A：To Josephine Baker 和her 语义重复，自己体会下; and的平行要对等Pariswas her home …and she remained i….主语不对等，因为主语位置上的代词she优先指代主语位置的名词paris，逻辑意思不合理;

B ：for Josephine Baker 和her 语义重复 ;and的平行要对等Paris was her home …and sheremained i…. 主语位置的指代具有倾向性，代词she优先指代主语位置的名词paris，逻辑意思不合理； 修饰语+修饰语+加主句 错误。因为结构复杂，容易产生歧义；要找到句子的平衡点

C ：to be an expatriate 作was的主语显得笨拙，应该用形式主语it ：it was fashionable to be an expatriate; 句子结构没有D 清晰

D:bingo ; AND 并列项平行Josephine Baker made …and she remained….

E：形式主/宾语it: 无名词指代对象，用于指代to do/be 结构或that从句, being 改为 to be ; Paris was home to Josephine Baker 啰嗦，并且和she remained….不平行;当主语的位置出现了代词，一定要注意， 指代的倾向性

总结：

1.主谓要比较靠近，但不能一味为了主谓靠近，就把各种introductoryelements扔在句首，要找到平衡。<但是，把状语放于句首，再加一个与状语紧密关系的从句，这又是允许的>

2. 句子大平行，关注and！And出现，往往就意味着平行啦！！！！ 应尽量保证与其对应句的主谓宾对位。===>其中也涉及主语位置代词对位指代的问题。 句子大平行，其中也涉及到判断时态的问题；而且大平行，最好连介宾成分都是平行的。

3. 形式主/宾语it: 无名词指代对象，用于指代to do结构或that从句 ===>只能用于指代这两种结构，什么being…,for doing…都不能被it指代！

形式宾语make /feel/believe/find it +adj to do/ that从句

53. Thenineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his earlyexperiments

in his “Essayon Heat and Light,” a critique of all chemistrysince Robert Boyle as well as a vision

of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.

A. a critiqueof all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a

B. a critiqueof all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a

C. a critiqueof all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well

D. critiquingall chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of

E. critiquingall the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well ashis own envisioning of

作者: growing0424 时间: 2017-12-31 13:46
太赞了收藏这个贴！恭喜楼主高分收官！！！

作者: growing0424 时间: 2017-12-31 14:54
看到楼主太晚了感觉楼主那时候一个人发帖回帖这边的好心塞（看到pg 3楼主发言有感）

作者: growing0424 时间: 2018-1-1 15:18
看下来好想知道楼主是怎么把sc学的那么好的讲的好好啊！！！！！！！可以出书了的感觉

欢迎光临 ChaseDream (https://forum.chasedream.com/)