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标题: 【求助】OG17 verbal分册新题——关于独立主格的疑问 [打印本页]

作者: adsdsd 时间: 2016-9-3 05:10
标题: 【求助】OG17 verbal分册新题——关于独立主格的疑问
OG17 verbal分册新题——关于独立主格的疑问

Once numbering in the millions worldwide, it is estimated that the wolf has declined to 200,000 in 57 countries, some 11,000 of them to be found in the lower 48 United States and Alaska.
A. it is estimated that the wolf has declined to 200,000 in 57 countries, some
B. the wolf is estimated to have declined to 200,000 in 57 countries, with approximately
C. the wolf has declined to an estimate of 200,000 in 57 countries, some
D. wolves have declined to an estimate of 200,000 in 57 countries, with approximately
E. wolves have declined to an estimated 200,000 in 57 countries, some

答案E，OG解释如下：
The predicate numbered must have its logically correct subject, which is wolves. Although the wolf can be used to refer collectively to wolves as a category, the noun should be plural in this case since the sentence refers to numbers of them and since agreement is needed between the noun and the plural pronoun them. Given the plural subject, the verb in the independent clause should be have declined. The object of decline to should be a word or phrase naming a number or estimated number (e.g., a phrase such as an estimated 200,000), not the phrase an estimate.
A The subject of the main clause (it) seems to supply the subject of numbering, so the latter does not have its correct logical subject, which should be a word or phrase referring to wolves.
B The wolf cannot correctly be taken as the subject of numbering, as it is singular and in disagreement with them occurring later in the sentence.
C The wolf cannot correctly be taken as the subject of numbering, as it is singular and disagrees with the later them; also, a decline is strictly speaking to a number, not to an estimate.
D Although wolves is a correct subject for numbering, a decline should be to a number, not to an estimate.
E Correct. Wolves is a proper subject for numbering and agrees with the later them. The decline is correctly said to be to a number, an estimated 200,000.

D. wolves have declined to an estimate of 200,000 in 57 countries, with approximately 11,000 of them to be found in the lower 48 United States and Alaska.
E. wolves have declined to an estimated 200,000 in 57 countries, some 11,000 of them to be found in the lower 48 United States and Alaska.

OG没有解释句子后半段独立主格的问题，想请NN们分析一下：
1.D选项独立主格有没有错误？
2.我做题的时候用“some 11,000 of them”排除了E选项，因为觉得some of them和11,000 of them都没问题，但some 11,000 of them有点奇怪，可以讲解一下吗？

作者: mmmaaa7890 时间: 2016-9-4 07:41
我个人理解是with不能做连接词带独立从句。

作者: adsdsd 时间: 2016-9-4 22:47

mmmaaa7890 发表于 2016-9-4 07:41
我个人理解是with不能做连接词带独立从句。

D项with后面不是从句哦，是with+n.+不定式，我理解的是下面的n+介词短语形式

"独立主格在句首或者句尾，做状语，修饰主句，表伴随原因、条件或状态。
独立主格不跟从句，只有：
1）n+n.;
2）n+_ed/_ing;
3）n+介词短语；
4） n+形容词短语；
或者以上结果前带with;
最后句尾each型主格，each带以上四种结构。"

作者: adsdsd 时间: 2016-9-7 09:23
顶起来，请NN讲解一下~~~

作者: jameszoujiong 时间: 2016-9-7 18:50

adsdsd 发表于 2016-9-7 09:23
顶起来，请NN讲解一下~~~

个人感觉，后半段不为独立主格。独立主格的最标志性特征为前后主语不一致，后面主语对全面主语进行补充说明。这题前后主语都为wolves（them指代wolves），所以应该不是独立主格。D最明显的错误就是decline to an estimate，这里estimate因为是名词形式，of 200,000用于修饰estimate，所以SVO里O错了。

some 11,000的意思就是大约11000头，所以E其实就和approximately 11000没区别。

作者: 猪小王 时间: 2017-2-4 11:56

jameszoujiong 发表于 2016-9-7 18:50
个人感觉，后半段不为独立主格。独立主格的最标志性特征为前后主语不一致，后面主语对全面主语进行补充说 ...

不太同意标红的部分。感觉absolute phrase就是 noun + noun modifier这个结构，并没有限定是否是一样的主语。

noun + noun modifier: some 11,000 of them + to be found in the lower 48 United States and Alaska
说说我的理解，请NN指正。

A. "Once numbering ..." should touch a noun, NOT, "it is estimated that...". Eliminate A.
B.
(1) the wolf, exactly那个wolf...好像不对;
(2) the wolf is estimated to have declined to X... 很怪。
换个简单句子思考：the GMAT test taker is estimated to have received a 800 score. 既然已经拿到800分(have received)，为什么是estimated?! 同理，既然have declined to a number, 为什么is estimated to .... Ambiguous=Bad. Eliminate B.
C. the wolf has declined to an estimate of X, 那个wolf...可疑
D. wolves have declined to an estimate of X, with approximately ... to be found ... 可疑
E. wolves have declined to an estimated X, some Y of them to be found ... 不确定，尤其是an estimated X vs. an estimate of X

－ an estimate of 200,000: of 200,000是个modifier，修饰noun estimate，既然是200,000这个精准的数字，那就不可能是estimate！modifier提供更多的信息，限定noun。从这个角度考虑，estimate和of 200,000 在逻辑上有矛盾。e.g., a ratio of two integers, a piece of cake, a group of students
－ an estimated 200,000: estimated是个adjective，也是个modifier，修饰200,000. 这个phrase告诉我们200,000这个数字是estimated，不是准确的。e.g., an expected cost.

－ with approximately 11,000 of them to be found in ...: 这是个modifier，修饰noun"the wolf" or "wolves"... 通常with的意思是用什么方式，什么工具...nonsensical。
－ some 11,000 of them to be found ...: 这是个modifier，独立主格，意思上正确。

因此，排除C and D.

作者: spings 时间: 2017-2-5 15:30
IMO，如果细细品味，从句意看，最后是对减少的狼的数字的一个补充说明，用独立主格结构保证了前后句意和逻辑主语的一致性，加With多余并且改变了状语的句意，好像是with引导的状语补充作为一种原因或前提，得以使狼的数量下降到那个数字。而选项E则很明确地表示就是对前面狼减少数字的一个补充说明。

作者: sommervanille 时间: 2017-2-5 18:43
这道题很好啊.
以下是分析.独立主格的几种情况:
.独立主格的三种形式：
1)一般形式： n.+v-ed/v-ing/介词短语/形容词短语
2)with形式：with+宾语+宾补，如：with+n.+v-ed/v-ing/介词短语/形容词短语
3)each/some/all形式等词（必须前面有复数名词）：each+v-ed/v-ing，each+介词短语/形容词短语，each+n.+介词短语
独立主格表示对主句的一个信息补充说明，做状语功能。不要求逻辑主语，但要求和主句有逻辑关系。独立主格形式中都不是完整句子<==>同位语结构（定语），一般是N.,n+that从句：that从句后是完整句子（前者状语，后者定语，不可互换）

eg

r. Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly change its genes to fashion a seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically at an invading microbe or foreign substance.

所以,以上with不是独立主格, 但是 WITH可以作修饰:

关于with的用法：

* With 可以修饰前面的名词 ,功能等同 which,但是如果前面linking verb, 那就会引起歧义,有可能修饰句子主语啦!!!
* with 也可以修饰前面句子 .

Now let’s talk about the comma + with modifiers. So here we are talking about prepositional phrases. “with” modifiers are very versatile modifiers.
They can modify either the preceding clause or the preceding nouns. What they modify actually depends on the context of the sentence and the wording of the modifier itself.

Bihar is India's poorest state, with an annual per capita income of $111. ------
In this sentence, with modifier actually modifies the preceding noun. With modifier in this sentence has the following sense. Notice how “which has” can be understood to replace “with”.
India’s poorest state, which has an annual per capita income of $111

However, this modifier can be understood to modify the subject of the clause as well because of the nature of the verb - is. This is a linking verb, which establishes the following relationship:
Bihar = India’s poorest state.

Now lets consider a scenario in which “with” modifier modifies the preceding clause. This is a GMATPrep Question. You can find the detailed solution of this question at this link.

Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.

The comma +with modifier above modifies the preceding clause. In essence this sentence can be written as two separate sentences:

1. Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches.
2. Their arms and legs are hung like socks on a clothesline.

So sentence 2 has been converted into with modifier. This modifier extends the thought of the preceding clause by providing a detail supporting it.
所以文中的WITH可以是修饰.没有错,但是这里有subgroup作修饰的用法:
?...，some of WHICH WERE only recently discovered.
?..., some of THEM only recently discovered.
?..., some only recently discovered.
與some相似的詞有：any, none, all, more/most. many, each, either, neither, half, one.

subgroup 是隶属的关系,这里最恰当拉.

作者: adsdsd 时间: 2017-2-5 23:32

sommervanille 发表于 2017-2-5 18:43
这道题很好啊.
以下是分析.独立主格的几种情况:
.独立主格的三种形式：

牛牛分析得好透彻啊~~~

作者: LuLuanna 时间: 2017-3-10 21:44

adsdsd 发表于 2017-2-5 23:32
牛牛分析得好透彻啊~~~

请问你有verbal17的电子版吗，可以发我一份吗，打扰啦~

作者: adsdsd 时间: 2017-3-13 11:37

LuLuanna 发表于 2017-3-10 21:44
请问你有verbal17的电子版吗，可以发我一份吗，打扰啦~

没有电子版哦，是网页版
或者你可以研究一下这个管理员的回复，你会找到办法的

http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... ;page=1#pid22935890

作者: seaner 时间: 2017-8-12 16:04
D 中的with 是修饰前面那个countries，但是明显题目中想要修饰的是wolves。

作者: 直播上700 时间: 2017-10-7 04:58

mmmaaa7890 发表于 2016-9-4 07:41
我个人理解是with不能做连接词带独立从句。

with 并没有带独立从句啊

to be found in the lower 48 United States and Alaska是them的modifier吧

作者: chrislty 时间: 2018-4-22 12:11
独立主格问题和如何挑出正确答案就不说了。
反复看了mitch大叔的解答，这个题还是要以题意为主，理解有with和没有with的细微差别：
1. 有with，那么with肯定是形容decline，也就是说decline是伴随着11000只狼在美国。这点应该没有歧义，因为在独立主格中，如果加了with通常就是有表伴随（几乎同时发生）
补充成完整的话： wolfs have declined when there are 11000 to be found in US......

2. 没有with，那么这个独立主格可表达的状语，就不是伴随了，而是decline的结果。
补充成完整的话：wolfs have declined. As a result, 11000 to be found in US.....

意思还是不一样的，这题显然表结果更符合逻辑。
但是，真在考场上碰到这种题，肯定不会一下想这么多啦，先跟据简单的split判断。

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