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标题: OG 16 86 求解！！ [打印本页]

作者: yi仪 时间: 2016-7-3 11:30
标题: OG 16 86 求解！！
86. To map Earth’s interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves that originate in the earth’s crust and ricochet around its interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower through hotter rocks.
(A) interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower
(B) interior, which travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions, and more slowly
(C) interior, traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more slowly
(D) interior and most rapidly travel through cold, dense regions, and slower
(E) interior and that travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slower

og的答案：
[attach]183223[/attach]

B which，不是可以跳跃指代么？？也没有越过谓语动词啊。按照这个帖子的说法，也不是不可以把？
http://www.chasedream.com/show.aspx?id=18551&cid=41
C 逗号+doing。不是只能表示伴随吗？

作者: ai559031 时间: 2016-7-3 12:06
B: which會指代interior
來解釋一下跳要修飾好了
結構是：「N1 + prep. + N2 +關代子句」
如果你要說which指代到waves，waves that....並不符合上面的結構

Ｃ選項，句尾ving除了表達伴隨，他的邏輯主語是指代主詞
很明顯waves可以做traveling的動作，所以Ｃ是答案

作者: elusive 时间: 2016-7-3 12:07
那篇帖子里的题。这道题得出结论：
第一个名词（复数）+介词+第二个名词（但是），which are
这里which此时第一个名词
除了which之外的致命错误：
Although she had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was televised nationwide.

(A) later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was
应该是not until+时间+助动词+主语
(B) later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were
(C) later in the Untied States House of Representatives, it was not until 1974 that Barbara Jordan became a nationally recognized figure, with her participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was
应该是not until 1974 did Barbara
(D) then also later in the United States House of Representatives, not until 1974 did Barbara Jordan become a nationally recognized figure, as she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, being
then和later重了，being在这里肯定不对
(E) then also later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was

作者: yi仪 时间: 2016-7-3 12:12

ai559031 发表于 2016-7-3 12:06
B: which會指代interior
來解釋一下跳要修飾好了
結構是：「N1 + prep. + N2 +關代子句」

语法上来讲，do+ing不是只能：1，表示整个句子的伴随 2，表示主语同时进行的动作，这里的主语是geologists，理应产生歧义啊？

作者: elusive 时间: 2016-7-3 12:14
在说那个帖子里that的跳跃，that本来就可以跳跃，在很多情况下都有。还是，红色的是致命错误
Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.

A. Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is
M的构想是一个代替，错了，应该是radio是一个代替
B. Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is
but最好是句子完整，不应该加修饰句子。这样破坏了转折关系
C. Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become
D. Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become
which修饰电话，
E. Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,

作者: elusive 时间: 2016-7-3 12:19

yi仪发表于 2016-7-3 12:12
语法上来讲，do+ing不是只能：1，表示整个句子的伴随 2，表示主语同时进行的动作，这里的主语是geologis ...

红色是致命错误
To map Earth’s interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves that originate in the earth’s crust and ricochet around its interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower through hotter rocks.
(A) interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower
(B) interior, which travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions, and more slowly
(C) interior, traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more slowly
(D) interior and most rapidly travel through cold, dense regions, and slower
(E) interior and that travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slower

那个traveling的确有歧义但是没有致命错误

作者: ai559031 时间: 2016-7-3 12:28
waves {that originate in the earth’s crust and ricochet around its interior, traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more slowly}

主語是waves沒錯

表伴隨或抓主詞當然是看句意
這個句意當然是留到最後看
不過這題肯定不會選到Ｂ
跳要修飾的條件
N1 + prep. + N2 +關代子句
prep N2必須要被Ｎ1包覆

引用某位大神的例子（如果有侵權我再撤掉）
Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone.

此處a tool for private conversation在句意上可以被視做一個單一概念的名詞，
for private conversation被當做形容詞片語「作為私人溝通之用的」
因此，a tool for private conversation在句意上可以被視做是一個加上形容詞的名詞：
「作為私人溝通之用的」＋「工具」＝「作為私人溝通之用的工具」

that could substitute for the telephone.的關代子句
是把作為修飾語的介係詞片語跟名詞「包覆」在一起，視為一個單一概念的大名詞來修飾。

只是因為a tool for private conversation這個大名詞的核心成分始終是a tool
所以我們才誤以為關代跳過for private conversation不理，只去修飾a tool。

有沒有不能跳過的情況？

The machine wrote the letter with a pen, which....

這裡的which絕對不可能跳過with a pen這個介係詞短語，
因為句意上"the letter with a pen"是不可能被包覆成為單一概念的名詞的。

當然，更不能跳過動詞wrote，修飾主詞machine。

縱上而言，which是無法修飾到waves的

作者: yi仪 时间: 2016-7-3 13:22

elusive 发表于 2016-7-3 12:19
红色是致命错误
To map Earth’s interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic ...

也就是说“comma+traveling”一般还是不能指代前面的noun，只是这里which错的太明显是吗？

作者: yi仪 时间: 2016-7-3 13:23

ai559031 发表于 2016-7-3 12:28
waves {that originate in the earth’s crust and ricochet around its interior, traveling most rapidly ...

谢谢！我大概知道which的错误了，但是“comma+doing”到底能不能修饰comma前面的名词啊？

作者: ai559031 时间: 2016-7-3 13:36
你要看, ving前面的名詞是否為主詞
不是隨便看到名詞就要抓

舉例：
Among lower-paid workers, union members are less likely than nonunion members to be enrolled in lower-end insurance plans imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients, and spend less time with each.

(D) that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending （正確答案）
spending是副詞片語修飾動詞see，所以doctors做see這個動作，spending這個動作的邏
輯主語就會抓修飾動作see這個動詞的邏輯主語，也就是doctor

例外：, including....
句尾ving抓受詞
A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, including establishing
size limits for shark catches, closing....
這句, including抓受詞remedies

總結：除了including外，其他句尾ving都是抓主詞

作者: elusive 时间: 2016-7-4 01:23

yi仪发表于 2016-7-3 13:22
也就是说“comma+traveling”一般还是不能指代前面的noun，只是这里which错的太明显是吗？ ...

v-ing即可以修饰前面一句的主语，又可以修饰前面的名词，主要看语境和其它选项是否是错误。
也就是说你不能用v-ing来排除一个选项，它不是说完全对或者完全错

比如下面题的D选项，没什么错，但是和A比起来，D选项中drawing即可以修饰科学家又可以修饰adulthood。
A中，having只可以修饰科学家。

Neuroscientists,having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.

A)Neuroscientists,having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are

B)Neuroscientists,having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years,and are

C)Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years,and are

D)Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,

E) Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood ,

which在这里不符合跳跃的用法

作者: emmahiggins09 时间: 2016-7-4 03:54

ai559031 发表于 2016-7-3 13:36
你要看, ving前面的名詞是否為主詞
不是隨便看到名詞就要抓

弱弱问一句，受词是啥意思？是宾语的意思么？

谢谢！

作者: ai559031 时间: 2016-7-4 09:03

作者: ai559031 时间: 2016-7-4 09:08

emmahiggins09 发表于 2016-7-4 03:54
弱弱问一句，受词是啥意思？是宾语的意思么？

谢谢！

沒錯受詞就是賓語的意思

作者: emmahiggins09 时间: 2016-7-4 19:06

ai559031 发表于 2016-7-4 09:08
沒錯受詞就是賓語的意思

多谢解释！

作者: RyanR 时间: 2016-7-4 21:43
which即使要跳跃，前面也要加一个and吧。
，ing可以1.表解释说明，此时ing的动作和前面主句的动作同时发生 2.表前面整句的结果

作者: yi仪 时间: 2016-7-10 22:48
抱歉最近一周比较忙，现在才恢复，再次多谢各位解释了！！！！

作者: kennichan2011 时间: 2016-10-14 13:24
Ｃ選項，句尾ving除了表達伴隨，他的邏輯主語是指代主詞
很明顯waves可以做traveling的動作，所以Ｃ是答案

为什么waves可以是动作发出者而不是geographist?

作者: Chris_Xianer 时间: 2017-11-12 21:43

elusive 发表于 2016-7-4 01:23
v-ing即可以修饰前面一句的主语，又可以修饰前面的名词，主要看语境和其它选项是否是错误。
也就是说你不 ...

嗯，这个定义跟我在语法书上看到的一样，就是V-ing可以修饰两种情况：1）前面紧挨的名词；2）主句的主语。你的举例是没问题的，因为adulthood是紧挨的名词，neuroscientists是全句的主语。

可问题就是这道题里，紧挨的词是interior，全句主语是geologists，语法上怎么都轮不到修饰中间的waves。。。

作者: Chris_Xianer 时间: 2017-11-12 21:55

Chris_Xianer 发表于 2017-11-12 21:43
嗯，这个定义跟我在语法书上看到的一样，就是V-ing可以修饰两种情况：1）前面紧挨的名词；2）主句的主语 ...

诶？删不掉自己的楼……不过我发现我说错了。。。
刚又去复习了下Manhattan，说V－ing是可以根据逻辑任意抓主语的，不一定只有两种情况，有些语法书可能说的不准确。

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