According to the Tristate Transportation Authority, making certain improvements to the main commuter rail line would increase ridership dramatically. The authority plans to finance these improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls on the two high-way bridges along the route the rail line serves. Although the proposed improvements are indeed needed, the authority’s plan for securing the necessary funds should be rejected because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.
119.
Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the effectiveness of the authority’s plan to finance the proposed improvements by increasing bridge tolls?
(A) Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges, it is required by law to hold public hearings at which objections to the proposed increase can be raised.
(B) Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay a private contractor to adjust the automated toll-collecting machines.
(C) Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase.
(D) When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic switched to a slightly longer alternative route that has since been improved.
(E) The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate Automobile Club that has registered strong opposition to the proposed toll increase.
D正确,可是 When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question是什么意思啊,D是怎么起削弱作用的呢
当这些过路的钱最终被增加的时候
D说当当局要收过路费的时候，几乎20%的往返交通者选择了另一条路，就是说，不给你交钱了。
谢谢,那in question的意思是这个方案还在疑问中就tolls were last increased on the two bridges 了吗
呵呵,我可能是晕了,谢谢你的耐心啊
但是产生怀疑，不是一定就要weaken了阿，总觉得20%有点少啊
开始的时候选择c,觉得虽然很短期的没有效果，但也是weaken了一段时间啊，不过现在觉得weaken应该是确定了的长期的，这样d就有点不是很合适了，谁能指点一下呢，谢谢
但是产生怀疑，不是一定就要weaken了阿，总觉得20%有点少啊
开始的时候选择c,觉得虽然很短期的没有效果，但也是weaken了一段时间啊，不过现在觉得weaken应该是确定了的长期的，这样d就有点不是很合适了，谁能指点一下呢，谢谢
我觉得可以把这道题理解为一个算术题。
计划的效果是增收，
例如：原来100个人从桥上走，每人交1元钱，每天收100元。现在增收计划多收每人3毛钱，即每人1.3元，每天收130元，增收了30元。但是有20人走了，只有80人交钱，增加费用后每天的收入是104元。原计划增收30元，现在只增收4元，大大削弱了原计划效果。
从而可以看到增收计划的效果受到很大质疑。
D. When tolls were last incresed ..., ...that has since been improved.
Here past tense is used to indicate that a previous increase prompted such an action.
我的思路是这样的:
文章问的是: 怎样怀疑计划的有效性:
计划是: FINANC:
收入= 单价* 数量 (政府想让单价升高)
1) 削弱就是说: 过去也曾有此提高TOLL做法, 但导致车的数量减少...所以收入可能减少.
2)
但它是呼应REJECT的原因:it would unfair force driver to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.---认为不公平,(绕道走嘛)
只有C有这个意思, 而D买TOLL 就说明其实那条路对他们来说很重要是有benefit
我当时也这么想。。。现在还是没想通。。。
但是能不能这么想呢？c的话，至少它是说了20%，但是b没有说几年，那么，如果只有几个月能卖也没有影响的，如果是5年就不用说了。但是20%的话，至少是很明确地说明会引起质疑的。
继续讨论！
根据OG11中对C的解释是：囤积token造成的收入损失与增加通行费的5年来所增加的收入相比并不显著。
那就是说token造成的收入损失小，而D中说的许多人选择另一条路走所造成的收入损失比较大，对增加通行费后带来的收入冲击更大，所以就选D？
可是为什么token造成的收入损失就比较小呢？
还有，我也不明白这里的token指的是什么
希望有NN可以解答
还是不明白怎么比较他们的程度怎么大?
我觉得应该这样考虑:C说的是很多人选择预购5年的现价月票,这就是说还是交钱了,只是没有多交
而D说的是20%的人改走另一条路了,这样就连钱都不交了,更别说多交了,所以D更有影响,也响应了OG的解释.
突然想起来了,XDF的FF讲过这道题
他的解释:因为D中有通勤者会转到其他的路上去,那就相当于给现在这条路上的drivers腾地方了，就是对它们benifit的．
because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no
benefit.
就怀疑前提了（怀疑前提就是怀疑了结论的可靠性－－－ＬＡＷＥＲ）
突然想起来了,XDF的FF讲过这道题
他的解释:因为D中有通勤者会转到其他的路上去,那就相当于给现在这条路上的drivers腾地方了，就是对它们benifit的．
because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no
benefit.
就怀疑前提了（怀疑前提就是怀疑了结论的可靠性－－－ＬＡＷＥＲ）
这样想完全错误！注意这道题的问题是“哪个选项weaken这个计划在财务上的有效性”，而不是问“哪个选项weaken这个计划不公平的结论（weaken反对这个计划的意见）”。注意和后面一题的问题比较。
首先token是代币的意思，就是说你先买个token，下次过桥的时候用上次买的token就可以过桥了。
其次，注意问题问的是财务上的有效性，所以收支相减，赢利越多就越有效。
(A) Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges, it is required by law to hold public hearings at which objections to the proposed increase can be raised. //在听证会这个计划被反对，也许这个计划不能实施，并不weaken这个计划在财务上的有效性
(B) Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay a private contractor to adjust the automated toll-collecting machines. //这个属于一次性投资，对预期收益没有什么大的影响。
(C) Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase. //token的购买属于短期行为，对于题目中五年的计划没有影响。这个选项，好像很多人有疑问。有提出可以购买五年的代币。首先，这个想法太极端，不怎么符合常识。其次选项中也提及postpone the effects of the increase，所以只个短期行为！
(D) When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic switched to a slightly longer alternative route that has since been improved. //少了20%的人，少了五分之一的收入，当然很大的影响了收入。另外注意选项中是过去时，是说上次增加了过桥费，就少了20%的人，那么这次很可能产生同样的效果，甚至少更多人。
(E) The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate Automobile Club, which has registered strong opposition to the proposed toll increase. //反对意见无法weaken计划的财务有效性。
以上分析来自对OG11的理解。
C和D都weaken，哪个更weaken就要看感觉了~~~~
个人认为GMAT逻辑中没有比较两个选项weaken程度的题出现，对于support也是一样的。
针对这题，只有一个选项才是weaken，其它要么无关，要么方向相反。
c选项因为要买token，所以还是付钱了。并且token的英文解释中也没有比正常付加方式便宜的意思，因此不能weaken effectiveness。
many commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase.
C中的postpone很关键，使得它比D弱。
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