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标题: OG16-SC50中which定语从句与逗号+分词的句意区别 [打印本页]

作者: 医生吃鱼 时间: 2016-3-27 23:22
标题: OG16-SC50中which定语从句与逗号+分词的句意区别
OG16-SC50：It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America’s Lake Superior.

(A) It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers

(B) Although it is called a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake on Earth, which covers

(C) Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering

(D) Though called a sea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, the landlocked Caspian covers

(E) Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian, covering

OA：C

我认为，ABC三个选项都没有语法错误，因此差别一定是在句意上。

AB选项中，which从句修饰largest lake在语法上应该也是可行的。只是想不明白，AB选项的句意与C选项有何不同？

求指教！

作者: elusive 时间: 2016-3-28 03:16
你好啊！

我觉得里海covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size要比
地球上最大的湖covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size更能说明除句子的意思。

句子想说里海比五大湖要大，而不是世界上最大的湖比五大湖要大。
翻译成汉语：
里海，世界上最大的湖，是五大湖的4倍。
里海是世界上最大的湖，世界上最大的湖是五大湖的四倍。（英语直译）

明显前者要好一些。

其实那个which是要修饰里海的，AB却在修饰最大的湖，所以改变句子意思了。
C改成伴随后修饰the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth一整句话。所以修饰到了里海，所以C要好一些。

作者: 医生吃鱼 时间: 2016-3-28 08:26

elusive 发表于 2016-3-28 03:16
你好啊！

我觉得里海covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size要比

同意，我也觉得C的句意更清晰，而且更简洁。

但是AB中的WHICH定语从句修饰the largest lake的句意是：最大的湖流经的面积是第二大湖的四倍。

还是觉的AB的句意能讲通。

找到一题中which有类似的句意。PREP07-SC33：More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.

作者: f-hanes 时间: 2016-3-28 10:50
我记得Ron有一次说过：A 介词 B, which is/are，如果which跳跃修饰A，A和B的单复数是不同的，如果相同那么优先修饰B。这里lake和earth都是单数，which优先修饰earth。

作者: elusive 时间: 2016-3-28 11:40

f-hanes 发表于 2016-3-28 10:50
我记得Ron有一次说过：A 介词 B, which is/are，如果which跳跃修饰A，A和B的单复数是不同的，如果相同那么 ...

这里which修饰的是lake而不是里海是因为
里海是主语，最大湖是宾语，which只能修饰靠近靠近的宾语

还有就是这道题：
Although she had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was televised nationwide.

(A) later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was
(B) later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were
(C) later in the Untied States House of Representatives, it was not until 1974 that Barbara Jordan became a nationally recognized figure, with her participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was
(D) then also later in the United States House of Representatives, not until 1974 did Barbara Jordan become a nationally recognized figure, as she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, being
(E) then also later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was

答案B，
which修饰的是hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon

这里which之所以跳跃修饰是因为hearnings是名词中心词
其实hearnings也是句子的宾语，也就是说，which其实是在修饰靠他最近的名词短语的中心词。

作者: f-hanes 时间: 2016-3-28 12:23

elusive 发表于 2016-3-28 11:40
这里which修饰的是lake而不是里海是因为
里海是主语，最大湖是宾语，which只能修饰靠近靠近的宾语

兄弟, 我的意思是lake on earth, which优先修饰earth, 因为lake和earth都是单数, which没有理由一定修饰lake

作者: elusive 时间: 2016-3-28 12:35

f-hanes 发表于 2016-3-28 12:23
兄弟, 我的意思是lake on earth, which优先修饰earth, 因为lake和earth都是单数, which没有理由一定修饰l ...

就像hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon里面which修饰的是hearings而不是尼克松一样，which修饰的是largest lake on Earth里面的lake而不是earth.

所以我想说，which修饰的是名词中心词，就是A介词B里面的A。

作者: f-hanes 时间: 2016-3-28 12:54

elusive 发表于 2016-3-28 12:35
就像hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon里面which修饰的是hearings而不是尼克松 ...

不是，你再仔细看下我刚刚发的。Ron有一次说过：A 介词 B, which is/are，如果which跳跃修饰A，A和B的单复数是不同的，如果相同那么优先修饰B。意思就是which就近修饰B，除非which后的谓语明确告诉你只能修饰单数或复数名词。所以跳跃修饰只有一种情况，A和B必然单复数不相同，且which后谓语只能修饰A，而不是A，B都可修饰。

你的例子完全符合Ron的解释：hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon，两个名词hearings和impeachment，一个复数一个单数，正确答案是which were，只能修饰hearing。A介词B，which完全可以修饰B，而不是你说的只修饰中心词A。

作者: elusive 时间: 2016-3-28 13:14

f-hanes 发表于 2016-3-28 12:54
不是，你再仔细看下我刚刚发的。Ron有一次说过：A 介词 B, which is/are，如果which跳跃修饰A，A和B的单复 ...

我大概知道了
找到一道题：
As an actress and, more importantly, as a teacher of acting, Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, who trained several generations of actors including Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro.

(A) Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, who trained several generations of actors including
(B) Stella Adler, one of the most influential artists in the American theater, trained several generations of actors who include
(C) Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, training several generations of actors whose ranks included
(D) one of the most influential artists in the American theater was Stella Adler, who trained several generations of actors including
(E) one of the most influential artists in the American theater, Stella Adler, trained several generations of actors whose ranks included

“A 介词 B, which is/are，如果which跳跃修饰A，A和B的单复数是不同的，如果相同那么优先修饰B。意思就是which就近修饰B，除非which后的谓语明确告诉你只能修饰单数或复数名词。所以跳跃修饰只有一种情况，A和B必然单复数不相同，且which后谓语只能修饰A，而不是A，B都可修饰。”

B 和 C：

B里面several generations of actors who include....所以这里who是修饰actors?

C里面generations of actors whose ranks included....然后这里whose是修饰actors？

作者: elusive 时间: 2016-3-28 13:18

f-hanes 发表于 2016-3-28 12:54
不是，你再仔细看下我刚刚发的。Ron有一次说过：A 介词 B, which is/are，如果which跳跃修饰A，A和B的单复 ...

我再看看有没有类似的题

作者: elusive 时间: 2016-3-28 14:45

f-hanes 发表于 2016-3-28 12:23
兄弟, 我的意思是lake on earth, which优先修饰earth, 因为lake和earth都是单数, which没有理由一定修饰l ...

你说得对，我又找到一道题：
In 1995 Richard Stallman, a well-known critic of the patent system, testified in Patent Office hearings that, to test the system, a colleague of his had managed to win a patent for one of Kirchhoff's laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and now included in virtually every textbook of elementary physics.

(A) laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and
(B) laws, which was an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and it is
(C) laws, namely, it was an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and
(D) laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845, it is
(E) laws that was an observation about electric current, first made in 1845, and is

B选项which说的是one

作者: elusive 时间: 2016-3-28 14:57

f-hanes 发表于 2016-3-28 12:54
不是，你再仔细看下我刚刚发的。Ron有一次说过：A 介词 B, which is/are，如果which跳跃修饰A，A和B的单复 ...

你说的对，我又找到一体
The Scandinavian assault on Western Europe culminated in the early eleventh century with the
Danish conquest of the English kingdom, which other Scandinavian kings attempted to repeat,
unsuccessfully later in the same century.
(A) which other Scandinavian kings attempted to repeat, unsuccessfully, later in the same
century
(B) which other Scandinavian kings attempted to repeat later that same century, but not
successfully
(C) an achievement that other Scandinavian kings attempted later in the century to repeat, but
were not successful at it
(D) an achievement attempted later in the century by other Scandinavian kings that was not
successful
(E) an achievement that other Scandinavian kings attempted to repeat later in the century, but
without success

选项AB里面，which修饰的是English kingdom,所以错

作者: 医生吃鱼 时间: 2016-3-28 17:27

f-hanes 发表于 2016-3-28 10:50
我记得Ron有一次说过：A 介词 B, which is/are，如果which跳跃修饰A，A和B的单复数是不同的，如果相同那么 ...

有道理！

which从句修饰对象判断的第一原则是单复数一致！

看来这道题的AB选项的错误点确实如OG解释所说，which从句错误修饰earth，导致句意错。

茅塞顿开，谢谢！

作者: 医生吃鱼 时间: 2016-3-28 17:30

elusive 发表于 2016-3-28 11:40
这里which修饰的是lake而不是里海是因为
里海是主语，最大湖是宾语，which只能修饰靠近靠近的宾语

感谢指教！

我觉得，f-hanes兄的说法很有道理。

因为这道题中B选项which从句中谓语是were，根据单复数一致，只可能修饰复数hearings，避免混淆！

作者: f-hanes 时间: 2016-3-28 20:34

医生吃鱼发表于 2016-3-28 17:27
有道理！

which从句修饰对象判断的第一原则是单复数一致！

多切磋啊

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