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标题: OG16逻辑100题 [打印本页]

作者: tyzs 时间: 2015-12-10 00:20
标题: OG16逻辑100题
自认为逻辑能力不错，然而这题还是不明白。。官方正确答案B不是有很明显的逻辑漏洞吗。。注意，这不是support题！！！！要知道植物“A”是不是因为某“I”而能生存在酸性土壤，问它的类似屋中有什么意义？万一其他有类似功能的物种是因为其他原因而能生存在酸性土壤里呢？答案更是看不懂在说啥，说：即便其他物种是因为其他原因而能生存在酸性土壤中，也可以解释植物“A”是因为某“I”而能生存在酸性土壤。。。。这不是明摆着的瞎说嘛。。求大神解答！！！！

作者: mnimi 时间: 2015-12-10 15:19
请把题目贴出来，大家好讨论~

作者: tyzs 时间: 2015-12-10 21:14

mnimi 发表于 2015-12-10 15:19
请把题目贴出来，大家好讨论~

A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants. Agronomists studying the herb have discovered that it produces large amounts of histidine, an amino acid that, in test-tube solutions, renders these metals chemically inert. Possibly, therefore, the herb's high histidine production is what allows it to grow in metal-rich soils

In evaluating the argument, it would be most important to determine which of the following?

A.Whether the herb can thrive in soil that does not have high concentrations of the toxic metals

B.Whether others of the closely related group of plants also produce histidine in large quantities

C.Whether the herb's high level of histidine production is associated with an unusually low level of production of some other amino acid

D.Whether growing the herb in soil with high concentrations of metals will, over time, reduce their concentrations in the soil

E. Whether the concentration of histidine in the growing herb declines as the plant approaches maturity

OG答案：B 解释：If the closely related plants do not produce much histidine, whatever other factor allows them to thrive in metal-rich soil would likely account for why the herb thrives in those soils as well.

作者: tyzs 时间: 2015-12-11 01:04
别沉啊。。都把题目码出来，路过的大神们看看啊

作者: mnimi 时间: 2015-12-11 13:23

tyzs 发表于 2015-12-11 01:04
别沉啊。。都把题目码出来，路过的大神们看看啊

题目说有一group植物能生长在高metal土壤里,经分析，其中一种有高h，所以h是一group植物能生长在高metal土壤的原因。问评价这个推断时需要确定哪一点。注意，这句话的意思就是说，知道了选项中哪一点，就可以判断题目的推理是否正确。
B说，知道那一group里其他植物是不是含有高h. 这个选项对的，因为如果一group里只有一种植物有高h,那高h至少不是让这一组植物都能在高metal土壤里生长的原因，所以有其他原因存在。所以可以评判题目给出的推断不对。
这是比较典型的题目~

作者: tyzs 时间: 2015-12-11 22:53

mnimi 发表于 2015-12-11 13:23
题目说有一group植物能生长在高metal土壤里,经分析，其中一种有高h，所以h是一group植物能生长在高metal ...

谢谢回答，但是我觉得你题干最后一句翻译错了...

题目的“therefore, the herb's high histidine production is what allows it to grow in metal-rich soils”用的是“the herb's H...allows it..”，都是单数,很明显是说H成分是导致那一种herb的生长，而不是一个group能生长的原因啊。。
也就是说，原文论断是想通过其他同组的植物是否有H，来判断那单个植物是否得益于H。而不是要证明你说的：H是一group植物能生长的原因吧。。
如果你能认同我上述的观点，那么很明显，不能通过其他酸性土壤植物的H成分来判断那特定的一种植物是否依靠H生长。

作者: mnimi 时间: 2015-12-12 17:15

tyzs 发表于 2015-12-11 22:53
谢谢回答，但是我觉得你题干最后一句翻译错了...

题目的“therefore, the herb's high histidine produc ...

不好意思，这里翻译的不准确。

你说得对，conclusion是说h是单个herb能在酸性土壤里生长的原因。
所以答案选择B，因为那个相似group植物都能生长在酸性土壤里，所以应该有一个共同的原因来支持他们生长在酸性土里，题目说h是这个原因。B可以用来判断这个原因是否为共同的原因。

作者: tyzs 时间: 2015-12-12 19:33

mnimi 发表于 2015-12-12 17:15
不好意思，这里翻译的不准确。

你说得对，conclusion是说h是单个herb能在酸性土壤里生长的原因。

实再不好意思又打扰你，我还是不太赞同。。我觉得问题就在于你说的：所以应该有一个共同的原因来支持他们生长在酸性土里。这个假设成不成立的问题。

举个例子：小明考gmat上了700，同时他上过新东方gmat课，所以结论是小明是因为这个课程才上了700。于是我们为了证明这个观点，就问：同样考上700的小红是否也上过同期新东方gmat课。
但问题在于，小红上没上过又有什么关系呢？
如果她上过，但其实她是从小在美帝长大，且天资聪颖，不需要这个课就能上700，上课也是父母逼的，她也没听课。这难道能证明小明是因为gmat课而700分？
如果她没上过，也许gmat课没用，但是也许小明确确实实是因为gmat课而上700分。

综上所述，我认为别人的经历不能直接拿来用，同样，同一组的其他植物的特征不能代表那个herb的特征。

我就是不太明白这个逻辑漏洞gmac老头居然也能赞同？

作者: mnimi 时间: 2015-12-14 14:49

tyzs 发表于 2015-12-12 19:33
实再不好意思又打扰你，我还是不太赞同。。我觉得问题就在于你说的：所以应该有一个共同的原因来支持他们 ...

你说的没问题，但是Gmat选择的是最佳答案。你看A,C,D,E四个选项，连这一点都证明不了，所以都被排除了。相对来说，B选项更贴切一点。

作者: mnimi 时间: 2015-12-14 14:51

tyzs 发表于 2015-12-12 19:33
实再不好意思又打扰你，我还是不太赞同。。我觉得问题就在于你说的：所以应该有一个共同的原因来支持他们 ...

另外，我觉得你这么解释稍微有点较真儿，因为close related这个词想要说明的就是生理结构相近，原因相近，如果这样理解，这个题目就完全没有问题了。

作者: tyzs 时间: 2015-12-14 23:28

mnimi 发表于 2015-12-14 14:51
另外，我觉得你这么解释稍微有点较真儿，因为close related这个词想要说明的就是生理结构相近，原因相近 ...

好吧，灰常感谢！！以前一直以为gmat的逻辑答案都是无懈可击的。。

作者: mnimi 时间: 2015-12-15 10:38

tyzs 发表于 2015-12-14 23:28
好吧，灰常感谢！！以前一直以为gmat的逻辑答案都是无懈可击的。。

Gmat题目灰常灵活~~~与其说考逻辑我倒觉得是考人在压力下如何迅速作出选择。当然了这只是我的想法，还请NN拍砖~

作者: 阿福爱吃水果糖 时间: 2016-1-31 08:33
A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants，意思是那一组相似的植物里只有某一种可以生存，其他不行。而不是这一组的可以生存，其他植物不行。

作者: adsdsd 时间: 2016-10-9 09:39

阿福爱吃水果糖发表于 2016-1-31 08:33
A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high ...

我不太认同楼上的观点
A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants
意思就是这一组中的所有植物都可以在高浓度的M中生存，而其他植物不行。
因为that 修饰最近的名词，就是a group of closely related plants
请指教！

这道题我也做错了，OG中B项的解释是：
B Correct. If the closely related plants do not produce much histidine, whatever other factor allows them to thrive in metal-rich soils would likely account for why the herb thrives in those soils as well.
就是说这一组中其他植物如果没有产生histidine的能力的话，就能够证明存在其他因素使它们可以在高浓度的M中生存

楼主的疑问“同一组的其他植物的特征不能代表那个herb的特征。”我觉得是对的，不过B和其他选项比较的话，只有B最好了
----------------------------------------------------------
http://gmatclub.com/forum/a-certain-cultivated-herb-is-one-of-a-group-of-closely-related-plants-205067.html
在上面网站中也有人问过这个问题，贴出来供参考：
各项分析：
(B). Here's why -

(A) -> Whether it thrives in other soil or not is not relevant to finding out if it thrives in metal rich soil because of histidine. This option is out of scope to what's asked.
(B) -> If true, will give us confidence that histidine is indeed a critical component of surviving the toxic metal rich soil. This would indicate that the mentioned herb has something common with other plants that thrive in the patch. Most likely, if this is the case, the common factor is the one that helps them survive.
(C) -> Irrelevant. Consider two cases - A. some other amino acid is produced in large quantities - it may be a compound not related to toxic survival (it could be something that causes leaves to grow bigger, for example). B. some other amino acid is produced in unusually low quantities - this does not help the case of plant surviving because of histidine. What other acids do, or their quantities is not helpful in finding if histidine is the key factor for survival.
(D) -> This is tricky. Suppose metal concentration is reduced over time. Also suppose that this is due to neutralizing effect of histidine. All this says is that the plant reduces concentration of metal. Doesn't say anything about whether histidine is the critical factor in survival. It could be anything else. The effect histidine has on the metal concentration may not be key to the plant's survival. Any other factor (say a toxic filtering mechanism in the plant's roots) may be the most critical. So, histidine's effect on soil is not the most helpful in finding out if histidine is THE most important feature that helps survival.
(E) -> Age of the plant is not in scope for the argument and is not needed to find if histidine is the true savior.

问题：

sun01 wrote:
I have one doubt.

We have to evaluate that "Hence, the herb's high histidine production must be the key feature that allows it to grow in metal-rich soils."
.

Argument clearly states that "A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants".

The information in option B provides that others of closely related groups produces the amino acids. How does this information impact the conclusion? if you say no, this clearly states that the other group doesn't have capability to grow in metal rich area. but it will not affect that herb's high histidine production must be the key feature that allows it to grow in metal-rich soils.

回答：
I think you have misunderstood  the argument a bit. Here is what it says:
Argument:
- A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants.
So this herb is one of a group of plants. All plants in this group of plants thrive in soil with high concentration of metals. These metals are toxic to most other plants.
- Agronomists studying the growth of this herb have discovered that it produces large amounts of histidine, an amino acid that, in test - tube solutions, renders these metals chemically inert.
We are given that this herb produces histidine which makes these metals inactive.
Conclusion: The herb's high histidine production must be the key feature that allows it to grow in metal-rich soils.

We don't really know what makes the herb flourish in high metal soil. It could be histidine or it could be that it produces 10 other chemicals which allow it to flourish in metal rich soil. Since all these plants are closely related and only they are the ones who thrive in metal rich soils, it is likely that they have some common feature that helps them thrive. We are guessing its histidine. How do we find out whether our claim holds value?
If we evaluate whether the other plants in the group also produce histidine, it helps us. How? If other plants also produce lots of histidine, it becomes more likely that histidine is the one which helps these plants thrive. If other plants do not produce histidine, it becomes likely that they all produce some other chemical which helps them thrive.
Hence (B) helps us evaluate "what is it that allows this herb to grow in metal-rich soils?"

Answer (B)

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