4.
A survey of entrepreneurs who started companies last year shows that while virtually all did substantial preparatory research and planning, only half used that work to produce a formal business plan. Since, on average, the entrepreneurs without formal plans secured the capital they needed in half the time of those with plans, these survey results indicate that, in general, formal plans did not help the entrepreneurs who produced them to secure the capital they needed.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
作者: sensornet 时间: 2005-7-24 04:11
本人谈不上NN，说一下我的答案和大家讨论
E B D E
1。取非。
2。A无关，C轻微削弱，D轻微削弱，E无关
3。A无关，B无关,C无关,E无关
4。A支持，B轻微支持，C无关，D无关
作者: Xandria 时间: 2005-7-24 15:49
第一题我也选的E, 可是答案是B, 我觉得文章已经说了90%的被取消的计划是反对党的, 而所有的取消计划都经过审计后被认为是wasteful的, B完全是和文章的说法违背的, 怎么会是答案呢?
第二题答案给的是B, 但是不理解CD怎么就轻微削弱了?
第三题我也选D, 可是答案是B...
第四题答案是C/E, 我想了半天觉得increased their confidence that their company would succeed和secure the capital没有必然联系, 但是如果从时间的角度考虑, E的确是个不错的选择; C猛一看也有道理, 文章用没有plan的企业secure the capital早这个事实来推导出后面的结论, C指出其实是由于他们是从关系户那里拿钱, 可是这里同样也存在一个"关系户拿钱就一定早的默认前提", 困惑.
大家继续讨论啊!
作者: GMATCRACKER1983 时间: 2005-7-24 17:59
首先Ｂ Ｂ Ｄ Ｃ没有问题～！
下面几个真题答案有争议, 为了不干扰NN思路, 答案后面帖子帖出
1. Press Secretary: Our critics claim that the President’s recent highway project cancellations demonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties. They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts. But all of the canceled projects had been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisan auditors. So the President’s choice was clearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary’s argument depends?
A. Canceling highway projects was not the only way for the President to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties.
B. The scheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not mostly projects in districts controlled by the President’s party.
C. The number of projects canceled was a significant proportion of all the highway projects that were to be undertaken by the government in the near future.
D. The highway projects canceled in districts controlled by the President’s party were not generally more expensive than the projects canceled in districts controlled by opposition parties.
E. Reports by nonpartisan auditors are not generally regarded by the opposition parties as a source of objective assessments of government projects.
推倒的关系是被取消的项目都是浪费的项目－－－＞主席的动机是处于预算的考虑，不是党派之争．
这个推倒有ＧＡＰ，需要另一个条件，那就是没有被废除的在主席的ＤＩＳＴＲＩＣＴ的项目不是浪费的项目．换句话说就是要的出主席不是出于党派之争的目地 条件有２，１就是废除的是浪费项目，２没有废除的都是好项目～！
2. Many residents of Calovia are committed to using products containing recycled materials. Soon these consumers will get help in identifying such products from a book being published by the Calovian government. The book offers a comprehensive listing, by product type and brand, of goods sold in Calovia that contain recycled material. Therefore, publication of the book will almost certainly increase the use of products containing recycled materials in Calovia.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Proceeds from the sale of the book are not expected to exceed the cost of its publication.
B. For numerous types of products, there are many brands that use recycled materials, although their manufacturers and distributors do nothing to advertise those brands’ recycled content.
C. For many materials, such as plastics, the recycling process results in a lower grade of material with a correspondingly different range of uses.
D. For many types of products listed in the book, all the brands available in Calovia use recycled materials.
E. Many manufacturers of products that contain recycled materials vary the proportion of recycled materials in those products in response to changes in price and availability.
这里Ｂ是个加强．因为有了手册－－－＞买到回收材料制造的东东的人就多了．
其实这也算是个假设，加强题是加强结论，那就是买到回收材料制造的东东的人就多了．Ｂ说原来都没有人给这些东东做广告宣传，也就是说之前很多人很难分辨是否是回收材料制造的东东．那不正好顺应了题意现在有了手册帮助大家，买到回收材料制造的东东的人就多了．
3.
Some species of Arctic birds are threatened by recent sharp increases in the population of snow geese, which breed in the
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
- Hunting limits for snow geese were imposed many years ago in response to a sharp decline in the population of snow geese.
- It has been many years since the restriction led to the hunting season for snow geese being closed earlier than the scheduled date.
- The number of snow geese taken by hunters each year has grown every year for several years.
- As their population has increased, snow geese have recolonized wintering grounds that they had not used for several seasons.
- In the snow goose’s winter habitats, the goose faces no significant natural predation.
本题有些绕，主要的问题我想在于没有读懂选项ＳＩＮＣＥ 是什么意思？？？？？ＳＩＮＣＥ是表示一个动作结束的意思．先举个例子，ＩＴ＇Ｓ ＢＥＥＮ ６ＹＥＡＲＳ ＳＩＮＣＥ Ｉ ＬＩＶＥＤ ＴＨＥＲＥ．什么意思？？？？？？意思是我从那个地方搬走了已经有６年了｀！
按照这样的理解再看看Ｂ，应该不会有问题了｀！
答案是说撤不撤消一个法案根本没什么用．
4.
A survey of entrepreneurs who started companies last year shows that while virtually all did substantial preparatory research and planning, only half used that work to produce a formal business plan. Since, on average, the entrepreneurs without formal plans secured the capital they needed in half the time of those with plans, these survey results indicate that, in general, formal plans did not help the entrepreneurs who produced them to secure the capital they needed.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
- Companies started by entrepreneurs who had used formal business plans to attract investment were on the whole as profitable in their first year as were companies started by entrepreneurs who had not produced such plans.
- In surveys of entrepreneurs who have attempted without success to raise sufficient capital, more than half of the respondents indicate that they have produced a formal business plan.
- Among the entrepreneurs surveyed, those who did not produce formal business plans sought and received a much larger proportion of their capital from investors with whom they had a long-standing business relationship.
- The entrepreneurs surveyed who did not produce a formal business plan spent nearly as much time doing preparatory research and planning as the entrepreneurs who produced plans.
- The entrepreneurs who produced business plans generally reported later that the process of writing the plan had increased their confidence that their company would succeed.
本题把握推倒关系，条件Ａ有ＦＯＲＭＡＬ ＰＬＡＮ的和没有ＦＯＲＭＡＬ ＰＬＡＮ 的企业在融资上差的不多－－－－＞结论Ｂ ＦＯＲＭＡＬ ＰＬＡＮ 不重要．
答案是典型的它因－－＞Ｂ非，其实不是不重要是有其它的原因使没有ＦＯＲＭＡＬ ＰＬＡＮ 的企业有很强的融资能力｀！
口都说干了，不知道ＬＺ明白没有？？？
作者: sensornet 时间: 2005-7-24 20:07
同意 B B D C。
第一题居然用B 的逆否命题来判断对错，ETS实在够黑。第四题中的E肯定也是削弱，但是效果不如C好。第三题前两天讨论过了。
作者: Xandria 时间: 2005-7-24 20:34
关于第一题, 我觉得B只是把文章的内容重复一遍, "They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts. But all of the canceled projects had been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisan auditors", 文章的意思应该已经说明了被取消的计划90%在反对党的district,B不过就是把这话反过来说一遍: The scheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not mostly projects in districts controlled by the President’s party, 我觉得B相当于没有说过, 怎么看也不觉得是assumption, 文章明明已经表达的很明确了啊. 相比之下E稍微好点, 大家的判断都是基于"report", 所以这个report是否具有公平性就是要去assume的吧.
第二题还是不理解C,D怎么去"削弱"了, 但是支持B.
第四题我觉得现在倾向于E, C我觉得不是一个好的它因, 有点out-of-scope; 首先文章的推导是: "没有plan的用了一半时间就筹集完资金---plan没有用", 显然是从一段时间推关到整个融资过程的错误, E正好说明了这点, plan的企业晚些时候(later)才体现出plan带来的优势. 但是E总的来说也是不那么的明确, 感觉关键是通过这个later去判断. 请注意C里面的much的那个比较, 明显就是承认一个前提: 从" long-standing business relationship"地方来的钱比较快, 这个应该是题目没有说明的吧.
作者: sensornet 时间: 2005-7-24 20:50
兄弟，第一题仔细去看B的逆否命题，然后看GMATCRAKER1983的解释，但其中"条件有２，１就是废除的是浪费项目，２没有废除的都是好项目～！",表达不是很准确。第二题，轻微削弱也可以说是无关选项。呵呵，关键看你的思维如何发散了。不过这与解题无关，所以你就当他无关就好了。第四题，一个好的他因就是貌似out of scope,但是严重的影响原文的逻辑推理过程。慢慢体会。
作者: wanderdreaｍ 时间: 2005-7-24 21:59
Xandria兄弟的题儿哪儿来的呢？颇有点咀嚼的意味，我也来搓一把看。
第一题，前面的一位老哥分析的颇有道理
推倒的关系是被取消的项目都是浪费的项目－－－＞主席的动机是处于预算的考虑，不是党派之争．
这个推倒有ＧＡＰ，需要另一个条件，那就是没有被废除的在主席的ＤＩＳＴＲＩＣＴ的项目不是浪费的项目．换句话说就是要的出主席不是出于党派之争的目地 条件有２，１就是废除的是浪费项目，２没有废除的都是好项目～！
但是看不出答案B：The scheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not mostly projects in districts controlled by the President’s party能满足这两个条件的哪一个呢？
D可否作如下分析呢？
D说总统所属党派下的被cancel的project，不如反对党下的被cancel的project贵
取非的话，总统属下被cancel的project是因为贵而被cancel，说明反对党的project没有那么贵却被
cancel掉，不是正好说明总统还是有点政党政治的倾向吗？？？？
第二题说的是，很多产品里有些用了recycle的东西，正好这些book可以帮助customers分别
作者: howardwang 时间: 2005-7-25 13:58
d b d c
作者: howardwang 时间: 2005-7-25 16:03
1、还是B对
作者: lawyer_1 时间: 2005-7-25 19:40
bbbc
3题D错的原因是：结论在讨论去掉对雪鹅狩猎的限制的后果（会使雪鹅数量减少，从而使受其威胁的其它品种recover），D说的是雪鹅重新找到过冬的地方，不涉及狩猎的限制问题，Out of scope.所以无关。
B对的原因关键是对since的理解，since后面带的从句表示的是过去的状态，现在不复存在，即现在的状态是它的反面：现在的限制不起作用拉。如果限制不起作用，则结论说限制有作用便受到怀疑和削弱。
作者: Xandria 时间: 2005-7-25 20:52
请问lawyer NN, 第四个题目里面的had a long-standing business relationship和secure capital有必然联系吗? 虽然说讲究个非充分性, 这个也差的有点远吧? 可以讲解一下吗? 谢谢.
作者: lawyer_1 时间: 2005-7-25 21:16
E说的是写计划会增强公司成功的信心。原文结论说的是计划无助于企业家筹款。说的是不同的事。无关。
作者: howardwang 时间: 2005-7-25 21:45
lawyer_1 nn 给的答案一般可认为是标准答案。可是第3题，我依然认为d为正确答案。请lawyer_1 nn 深思，并给出进一步的解释。（关于b和d）谢谢！
作者: Xandria 时间: 2005-7-25 22:19
不是我钻牛角尖, 既然C可以跳越的那么大, 为什么E不可以理解成增强信心就是得到capital secure的一种体现呢? lawyerNN请教了.
作者: sensornet 时间: 2005-7-26 04:25
关于第三题，个人认为还是D好一点。
首先看什么是题中提到的restriction->the hunting season ends if and when hunting has reduced the population by five percent, according to official estimates.请注意，这里并没有提到B选项中的出现的新内容the scheduled date。也就是说，原来的restriction意味着没打到百分之五就继续打。在看B选项，
B> It has been many years since the restriction led to the hunting season for snow geese being closed earlier than the scheduled date.
OG中经常说道要看选项更好的回答了什么问题。我看B说明了2点，一是猎人们近年因为军火商卖假药导致火力减弱，二是那个肥鸟繁殖比较迅速。这都说明了要狠狠的打鸟。也就是说支持了原文的结论。原文是削弱dropping the restriction这个提出的方案。从og中可知，我们可以通过说明这个方案无效，根本行不通，来削弱这个结论。来看D,鸟知道有人打它，它就跑，躲过风头再回来。非常好的他因削弱，是原文提出的方案完完全全行不通。所以，我觉得第三题选D。
欢迎讨论。
作者: Xandria 时间: 2005-7-27 14:03
不是我钻牛角尖, 既然C可以跳越的那么大, 为什么E不可以理解成增强信心就是得到capital secure的一种体现呢? lawyerNN请教了.
顶!
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