上新东方的时候朱江老师给的GWD题.可惜没有答案，大家帮忙看看，谢谢NNS，尤其是wangyu73cn
28-passage two
Carotenoids, a family of natural pigments, form an
important art of the colorful signals used by many animals.
Animals acquire carotenoids either directly (from the plants
and algae that produce them) or indirectly (by eating insects)
and store them in a variety of tissues. Studies of several animal
species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefer males
with brighter carotenoid-based coloration. Owens and Olson
hypothesize that the presence of carotenoids, as signaled
by coloration, would be meaningful in the context of mate
selection if carotenoids were either rare or required for
health. The conventional (Line 15) view is that carotenoids
are meaningful because they are rare: healthier males can
forage for more of the pigments than can their inferior
counterparts. Although this may be true, there is growing
evidence that carotenoids are meaningful also because they
are required: they are used by the immune system and for
detoxification processes that are important for
maintaining health. It may be that males can use
scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and
detoxification or for attracting females. Males
that are more susceptible to disease and parasites
will have to use their carotenoids to boost their
immune systems, whereas males that are genetically
resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting
disease and will advertise this by using the pigments
for flashy display instead.
28-13: Information in the passage suggests that which of the following is true of carotenoids that a male animal uses for detoxification processes?
A: They were not acquired directly from plants and algae
B: They cannot be replenished through foraging.
C: They cannot be used simultaneously to brighten coloration.
D: They do not affect the animal’s susceptibility to parasites. （E）
E: They increase the chances that the animal will be selected as a mate.
28-14: The passage suggests that relatively bright carotenoid-based coloration is a signal of which of the following characteristics in males of certain animal species?
A: Readiness for mating behavior
B: Ability to fight
C: Particular feeding preferences
D: Recovery from parasite infestation
E: Fitness as a mate （E）
28-15: According to the “conventional view” referred to in lines 14-15 of the passage, brighter carotenoid-based coloration in certain species suggests that an individual
A: lives in a habitat rich in carotenoid-bearing plants and insects
B: has efficient detoxification processes
C: has a superior immune system
D: possesses superior foraging capacity
E: is currently capable of reproducing （D）
几篇文章都没见过。：（
楼主不妨逐篇发贴，给大家看看。辛苦了。
嘻嘻~~点名求助哦~~
同学，你的题没贴全吧？
偶选EDD
Carotenoids, a family of natural pigments, form an
important art of the colorful signals used by many animals.
自然色素为许多动物所用。
Animals acquire carotenoids either directly (from the plants
and algae that produce them) or indirectly (by eating insects)
and store them in a variety of tissues.
直接从植物摄取或间接从昆虫取得。
Studies of several animal
species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefer males
with brighter carotenoid-based coloration.
雌性喜欢鲜艳颜色的雄性。
Owens and Olson
hypothesize that the presence of carotenoids, as signaled
by coloration, would be meaningful in the context of mate
selection if carotenoids were either rare or required for
health.
假设这些色素可能稀有或有益健康。
The conventional (Line 15) view is that carotenoids
are meaningful because they are rare: healthier males can
forage for more of the pigments than can their inferior
counterparts.
传统认为色素因稀有而有意义：健康的雄性可以获得更多的色素。
Although this may be true, there is growing
evidence that carotenoids are meaningful also because they
are required: they are used by the immune system and for
detoxification processes that are important for
maintaining health.
但有证据表明，色素也有利于健康。
It may be that males can use
scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and
detoxification or for attracting females.
雄性可能将色素用以健康和吸引雌性两个方面。
Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites
will have to use their carotenoids to boost their
immune systems, whereas males that are genetically
resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting
disease and will advertise this by using the pigments
for flashy display instead.
容易生病的雄性浪费色素，有抵抗力的雄性节省色素并展现出来。
28-13: Information in the passage suggests that which of the following is true of carotenoids that a male animal uses for detoxification processes?
A: They were not acquired directly from plants and algae 反
B: They cannot be replenished through foraging. 反
C: They cannot be used simultaneously to brighten coloration. 反
D: They do not affect the animal’s susceptibility to parasites. （E） 无准确论述
E: They increase the chances that the animal will be selected as a mate. 符合中心内容
28-14: The passage suggests that relatively bright carotenoid-based coloration is a signal of which of the following characteristics in males of certain animal species?
A: Readiness for mating behavior 无
B: Ability to fight 无
C: Particular feeding preferences 无
D: Recovery from parasite infestation 不符合题目所问。
E: Fitness as a mate （E） 对。
28-15: According to the “conventional view” referred to in lines 14-15 of the passage, brighter carotenoid-based coloration in certain species suggests that an individual
A: lives in a habitat rich in carotenoid-bearing plants and insects 不一定。
B: has efficient detoxification processes 无
C: has a superior immune system 无
D: possesses superior foraging capacity 是文中意思。
E: is currently capable of reproducing 无 （D）
建议同意推荐的答案：EED
偶认为14题E不对，prefer和fitness是两个不同的概念，文章中从来没提抵抗能力稍差的不适合做mate，偶选D是因为对抗疾病能力强的颜色亮丽，从此而得出。open to discussion
It may be that males can use scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and detoxification or for attracting females. Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.
同意13选C
题目问的是carotenoids 用于detoxification processes中的,与mate chance无关.
My answer: CED
13题支持C。
E说得太远了，可能能够增加抵抗疾病的能力，但是不一定能够增加做为配种者的机会；相反，用掉了C用来增强抵抗力，剩余的C不多，不足以吸引female来交配，从而有可能降低了作为配种者的机会。。。
个人意见。。 。
14E
15D
我同意13题选C。
题目问的是carotenoids that a male animal uses for detoxification processes,这个定语从句修饰carotenoids,这些类胡萝卜素用在了解毒过程，就不可能同时被用来使羽毛变得色彩明亮了。而E选项正好表达了相反的意思，所以不对。
请指正
打错了，
应该是 C E D ？？？
那问题既然问了如果用来detoxification 的时候会怎么样，答案应该是-不能同时用来增加颜色(以吸引异性)。
13题支持C。
E说得太远了，可能能够增加抵抗疾病的能力，但是不一定能够增加做为配种者的机会；相反，用掉了C用来增强抵抗力，剩余的C不多，不足以吸引female来交配，从而有可能降低了作为配种者的机会。。。
个人意见。。 。
14E
15D
13C
14 E
15 D
嗯，不错。顶一下。
同意eed
xi yi diIt may be that males can use scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and detoxification or for attracting females.
记得七宗罪里的either...or...吧，这里的either...or...证明了C是对的。
species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefer males
with brighter carotenoid-based coloration.
agree with C E D
奇怪大家对14题为什么都一致认为是E，而不是A
28-14: The passage suggests that relatively bright carotenoid-based coloration is a signal of which of the following characteristics in males of certain animal species?
A: Readiness for mating behavior
B: Ability to fight
C: Particular feeding preferences
D: Recovery from parasite infestation
E: Fitness as a mate
Owens and Olson hypothesize that the presence of carotenoids, as signaled by coloration, would be meaningful in the context of mate selection if carotenoids were either rare or required for health. The conventional (Line 15) view is that carotenoids are meaningful because they are rare: healthier males can forage for more of the pigments than can their inferior counterparts.Although this may be true, there is growing evidence that carotenoids are meaningful also because they are required: they are used by the immune system and for detoxification processes that are important for maintaining health. It may be that males can use scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and detoxification or for attracting females. Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.
难道genetically resistant ＝ fitness，未免过于草率了吧。
Q13 答案C 不用爭了 有人在PP做過了
Q13 答案C 不用爭了 有人在PP做過了
晕，破解我做完了，哪有这篇文章，不要舞蹈人啊-_-||
我选EED
13题的C答案，从下面定位可以排除
whereas males that are genetically resistant
(30) will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease
and will advertise this by using the pigments
for flashy display instead.
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