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标题: 请教有关Tiger beetles的逻辑题 [打印本页]

作者: Lanmie 时间: 2015-9-17 16:52
标题: 请教有关Tiger beetles的逻辑题
Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect. However, when running toward an insect, a tiger beetle will intermittently stop and then, a moment later, resume its attack. Perhaps the beetles cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment’s rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running, tiger beetles are unable to adequately process the resulting rapidly changing visual information and so quickly go blind and stop.

Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?

(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately stops and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
(B) In pursuing a swerving insect, a beetle alters its course while running and its pauses become more frequent as the chase progresses.
(C) In pursuing a moving insect, a beetle usually responds immediately to changes in the insect’s direction, and it pauses equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
(E) The faster a beetle pursues an insect fleeing directly away from it, the more frequently the beetle stops.

这是在之前的帖子上看到的解释（懒人复制粘贴来啦

），觉得这个解释很棒很有道理！但是！！！OG的解释和这个相反诶！
这个题很难
原题在OG 11th 黄本P34，Diagnostic Test第25题，以前版上讨论过
关键是要支持一个，同时要排除另外一种解释的可能性

OG题：B前一部分：in pursing a swerving insect, a beetle alters its course while running - swering是突然转向，偏离轨道的意思。也就是说猎物一转方向，beetle就马上反应。所以失明理论就不成立（因为按照失明理论，beetle应该会反应不过来）。后一部分：its pauses become more frequent as the chase progresses. 追得越久停的次数越多，就是累了么，好理解，所以支持了休息理论。
Prep变形题：
B: the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction 同上理，否定掉了失明理论。但是后面一部分：pause equally frequently不能支持休息理论（更像是否定了休息理论）。个人觉得如果是往上追比往下追停得频繁就支持了休息理论。所以B不对
C：fixed time interval否定休息理论; 猎物从静态开始飞，beetles要停会才反应过来加速追，支持了失明理论
个人觉得这个C选项很难选，我应该也是做错了的。而且这种题考场上碰到一定很耗时间，还不一定对，sigh...

-- by 会员 YY_lalala (2007/4/14 20:36:00)

B Correct. This statement provides information that strengthens the second hypothesis: the swerving pursuit and the resulting continual course adjustments appear to be forcing the beetle to stop with increasing frequency to sort out the erratic visual information.

所以想请教一下，选项B削弱了哪一个，加强了哪一个？
谢谢了！

附上PREP变体的C选项。

(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.

作者: Lanmie 时间: 2015-9-17 20:55
喵喵喵~虔诚求大牛现身~~~是我的问题太弱智了么

作者: xcdamon 时间: 2016-1-11 06:49
What's most interesting about this problem is how bad the OG's explanation is (for the version that's in the OG, which is not the one you're talking about).

A different version of the problem appears as #25 in the OG diagnostic chapter.
The answer key "explains" the correct answer in exactly the opposite of the actual explanation. In that problem, the correct answer supports the fatigue hypothesis and undermines the blindness hypothesis—but the "explanation" says the opposite (!!).

Ah, the joys of outsourcing answer explanations to cheaper labor (yes, this is what the OG does).
At least you can trust the problems and answers, though.

以上是Ron 神说的：OG答案错了！！！OG答案竟然说反了！！！

作者: can1995 时间: 2017-6-3 20:13
hypothesis 1: 间歇性休息室因为无法维持高速运动太久。
to undermine: 发现运动更久也没问题。
hypothesis 2: 是因为高速运动时无法处理快速变化的目标视觉图像，因此需要停下来再次确认目标位置。
to undermine: 1)在目标没有变化时也需要停下来，比如目标为静止状态；2)目标有快速的移动时，也没有停下来。
C)选项可以加强假设1，同时削弱假设2。因为如果假设2成立，那么当insect从静止开始移动会导致tiger beetles的moving interval被影响，比如缩短当前的interval停下来重新确认目标位置。这个也加强了假设1，因为证明了外界条件改变不会导致一次飞行时间变长。

E)至少无法加强或者削弱假设1，也无法说一定能够加强假设2，因为这反应有可能是因为假设2，也有可能只是表明了tiger beetles在一次短跑中不能转弯而已。

我觉得C是反对hypo1，支持hypo2。反对hypo1是因为常理是追得快则累则追击时间短，如果不管追得快还是慢，追的时间是一样的那说明pause和rest无关。而the beetle increases its speed after its next pause说明这个beetles是在停下后才加速的，说明它需要停下看清prey提速了才判断是要加速，支持hypo2。

B是反对两者。首先反对hypo2很清楚因为beetles对变化反应快。然后反对hypo1是因为常理是上坡容易累要多休息而下坡反之，但是这个beetles上下坡pause频率一样，说明pause和rest无关。
E能支持hypo2，但不能weaken hypo1。
这道题需要太多常识，题目出的很不好，但考着了也没招。

作者: gar_bbbbb 时间: 2017-10-10 08:24

can1995 发表于 2017-6-3 20:13
hypothesis 1: 间歇性休息室因为无法维持高速运动太久。
to undermine: 发现运动更久也没问题。
hypothesis ...

同意！

作者: gxyhappyyes 时间: 2018-5-16 10:08
顶楼主！

作者: SM_Jasmine 时间: 2018-7-30 23:17
顶楼主！

作者: 啊喂我是蚊子 时间: 2018-8-26 14:58
真好难这题

作者: ohgigiiii 时间: 2019-10-7 20:47

can1995 发表于 2017-6-3 20:13
hypothesis 1: 间歇性休息室因为无法维持高速运动太久。
to undermine: 发现运动更久也没问题。
hypothesis ...

看一下！

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